Last update: doc. MUDr. Alena Stoklasová, CSc. (12.09.2022)
General Chemistry: periodic system, chemical bond, interactions between molecules.Inorganic Chemistry: nomenclature, elements and their compounds, alloys, inorganic compounds in dentistry. Physical Chemistry: chemical reactions, chemical thermodynamics, kinetics of reactions, chemical equilibrium, catalysis, solutions and their properties, oxidation and reduction equilibrium, the Nernst equation, colloidal state, osmotic pressure, surface phenomena. Organic Chemistry: structure of organic compounds, isomers, hydrocarbons and their derivatives, reactions of organic compounds, heterocyclic compounds, vitamins, carbohydrates, lipids, steroids,terpenes, amino acids, peptides and proteins, nucleic acid. Biochemistry: Introduction to enzymology, overview of intermedisry metabolism,biological oxidation, citric acid cycle, metabolism of carbohydrates, metabolism of lipids.
Aim of the course
Last update: doc. MUDr. Alena Stoklasová, CSc. (19.09.2022)
The aim of the course is to provide knowledge of chemistry that is necessary for understanding the chemical principles applied in biochemistry and other related subjects and to emphasize those areas that are related to dentistry.
Requirements to the exam
Last update: doc. MUDr. Alena Stoklasová, CSc. (12.09.2022)
Credit:
1) Attendance at classes
Maximum of three absences in classes of Biochemistry I in the semester is allowed. For the first two absences in the semester, you must inform the authorized person Assoc. Prof. A. Stoklasová, M.D., Ph.D. in advance, but it is not necessary to provide any documentation. Starting on the 3rd absence and onwards, only cases documented by valid medical certificates or official documents will be considered. The documents must be sent to authorized person. The guarantor of the subject will consider it individually and decides whether the excuse is legitimate and acceptable. The guarantor’s decision is not appealable
2) Active participation in classes, documented by
- completed and submitted homework assignments for laboratory classes and seminars (in MOODLE). In the case of an absence from the class, all homework assignments must be submitted no later than by the end of the semester.
- protocols of attended laboratory classes signed by a teacher. In the case of an absence from the laboratory class, special assignment (defined in MOODLE) must be completed no later than by the end of the semester.
3) Satisfactory results of examination
Average from all graded tests, oral examinations, and graded assignments must be at least 3.00 or better. In the case of absence, substitute tests must be completed no later than by the end of the semester and the date must be settled with Assoc. Prof. A. Stoklasová via e-mail.
4) Credit test
The result must be graded at least 3.00 or better (66 %).
Manual and topics of written tests and oral examinations are available in MOODLE.
Failure to meet the contidtions (1-4) will result in “Non credited” grade. Student has the right to two retakes for fulfilment of criterion (3) and (4) for the course credit. The retake will have a form of examination covering all topics of Biochemistry I.
In the event of a forced transition to online teaching, lectures and seminars will take place as planned in an online mode. Worksheets will be available in MOODLE, their submission will be limited in time and processing will be controlled. The materials will also include test questions. Testing will be in an online mode in various forms including essay. For laboratory classes, short videos will be prepared introducing students to the relevant technique and will be supplemented by the processing of given data and their evaluation.
If the lessons will take place without restrictions and some of the students will be in quarantine or ill for a long time, they are obliged to immediately notify Assoc. Prof. A. Stoklasová (via e-mail). Individual replacement of lessons will be agreed during their absence.
Consultations can be arranged individually and must be agreed in advance with the teacher by email.
Inspection of the tests: It is possible for one week from the date of writing, upon agreement with Assoc. Prof. A. Stoklasová (contact via e-mail).
Note: The pre-term for the biochemistry exam in the summer semester is also conditioned by the results in the winter semester. It is allowed to those who had an average at least 2.00 or better in the winter semester and the result of the credit test was also at least 2.00 or better.
Syllabus
Last update: doc. MUDr. Alena Stoklasová, CSc. (12.09.2022)
Lectures
Lecturers
Prof. Martina Řezáčová M.D., Ph.D.
Assoc. Prof. Miloš Hroch, Ing., Ph.D.
Assoc. Prof. Alena Stoklasová, M.D., Ph.D.
Radim Havelek, Dr., Ph.D.
Renata Köhlerová, MS, Ph.D.
Darina Muthná, Dr., Ph.D.
Alena Mrkvicová, MS, Ph.D.
Introduction to Subject.
Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds
Periodic System of Elements. Trends in the Periodic Table.
Effect .of ionizing Radiation on Living Systems.
Chemical Bonding - Covalent, Ionic and Metallic Bonds. Intermolecular Forces - Dipole-Dipole Forces, Hydrogen Bond, the London Forces.
Classification of Chemical Reactions. Chemical Thermodynamics - the Laws of Thermodynamics, Enthalpy, Entropy, Free Energy. Spontaneity of Chemical Change. Chemical Kinetics.
Solutions and their Properties. Solubility, Concentration of Solutions. Solutions of Electrolytes, Ionization Constant. Activity (effective concentration). Acids and Bases. The Dissociation of Water. The pH Scale. Salts, Hydrolysis of Salts, Solubility Product.
Buffers, Characterization, pH, Capacity. Buffers of the Blood.
Hydrocarbons and their Derivatives. Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes, Cycloalkanes, Aromatic Hydrocarbones; Alkyl- and Aryl Halides, Amino-, Nitro-derivatives of Hydrocarbons; Thiols, Sulphides, Disulphides, Sulphonic Acids; Alcohols, Phenols; Aldehydes, Ketones; Carboxylic Acids and their Derivatives. Urea and its Derivatives.
Disinfectans, Anesthetics.
Heterocyclic Compounds with one or more Heteroatoms, their Importance in Biochemisty. Vitamins.
Amino Acids and their Physical and Chemical Properties. Peptides. Proteins - Amino Acid Composition, Conformation of Proteins - Types of Bonds. Classification of Proteins.
Enzymes - Characterization, Mechanism of their Action. Vitamins as Cofactors of Enzymes. Kinetics of Enzymatic Reactions, the Michaelis Constant. Environmental Effects Influencing Enzyme Activity. Inhibition of Enzyme Activity. Nomenclature and Classification of Enzymes. Enzymes in Medicine.
Nucleic Acids.
Biological Oxidations. Reactive oxygen and Nitrogen Species.
Anabloism and Catabolism. Citric Acid Cycle and its Regulation.
Electron Transport Chain. Aerobic Phosphorylation.
Carbohydrates. Monosaccharides - Classificaton, Configuration. Optical Activity, Anomers, Epimers. Reactions of Monosaccharides. Glycosidic linkage. Reducing and non-reducing Disaccharides. Polysaccharides and Glycosaminoglycans - Composition, Properties. Digestion. Metabolism of Glucose, Fructose, Galactose and Polysaccharides.
Artificial Sweeteners.
Lipids - Classification and Properties. Waxes. Digestion. Metabolism of Triacylglycerols, Phospholipids, Fatty Acids. Cholesterol and its Metabolism.
Laboratory classes & seminars
Lecturers
Prof. Martina Řezáčová M.D., Ph.D.
Assoc. Prof. Miloš Hroch, Ing., Ph.D.
Assoc. Prof. Alena Stoklasová, M.D., Ph.D.
Radim Havelek, Dr., Ph.D.
Renata Köhlerová, MS, Ph.D.
Darina Muthná, Dr., Ph.D.
Alena Mrkvicová, MS, Ph.D.
Eva Peterová, MS, Ph. D.
Darja Koutová, MS.
Martin Uher, Dr.
Seminars
hemical Bond. Interactions among Molecules. Radioactivity and their Importance in medicine. Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds.
TBasic Calculations in Chemistry. Themodynamics and Kinetics of Chemical Reactions. Oxidation-Reduction Equations. Test.
Solutions. Electrolytes, Electrolytic Dissociation. The Bronstedt-Lowry Concept. The pH of Acids and Bases. Buffers. Calculations. Test.
Organic Compounds Important in Biochemistry I. Hydrocarbons, Alcohols, Phenols, Quinones, Nitrogen- and Halogen-derivatives, Sulphur-containing Compounds, Aldehydes, Ketones, their Rections. Test.
Organic Compounds Important in Biochemistry II. Organic Acids, their Reactions. Urea and its Derivatives. Test.
Heterocycles. Vitamins. Terpenes. Polymers in Medicine. Test.
Amino Acids, Peptides, Proteins. Urea and its Derivatives.
Enzymes, Structure, Mechanism of their Action.The Michaelis Constant. Factors Affecting the Rate of Enzyme Catalyzed Reactions. Isoenzymes.
Nucleic Acids. Credit test.
Introduction to Metabolism. Citric Acid Cycle. Substrate Phosphhorylation.
Biological Oxidation. Electron Transport Chain. Metabolism of Oxygen. Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species. Test.
Carbohydrates - Classification, Structure, Properties, Digestion. Metaboslism of Glucose - Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis.Microorganisms and Metabolism of Carbohydrates. Artificial Sweeteners.
Metabolism of Carbohydrates - Pentose Phosphate Pathway, Metabolsim of Glycogen. Metabolism of Fructose, Galactose, Uronic, Acid, Glycosaminoglycans, Proteoglycans and Glycoproteins. Test.
Laboratory classes
Laboratory Practice and Safety Rules. Chemical Glass. Preparation of Pure Inorganic Substances.
Potenciometry. The pH Measurement. Determination of Capacity of acetate Buffer. Buffer Capacity of Proteins.
Spectrophotometry. Determination of Fe2+Ions Concentration.
The pH Measurement. Determination of Capacity of Acetate Buffer. Buffer Capacity of Proteins.
Factors Influencing Laboratory Results. Accuracy of Measurement.
General Properties of Amino Acids and Proteins.
Properties of Enzymes - the Influence of pH and Temperature. Substrate Specificity.
Notes:
Attendance at laboratory classes and seminars is COMPULSORY and a register is kept. Substitution of written tests must be consulted with Asssoc. prof. Stoklasová in case of your unavoidable absence (e. g. illness). Before starting laboratory class, do not forget laboratory coat and change your shoes (with rubber sole no shoe covers). Calculator is necessary. Laboratory manual is available in MOODLE.
Literature
Last update: doc. MUDr. Alena Stoklasová, CSc. (12.09.2022)
Compulsory literature
R. Y. Ouellette Introduction to General, Organic and Biological Chemistry. 3rd ed., Mac Millan Publ.Company, New York, 1992. ISBN 0-02-390245-0 (or the latest edition available)
R. K. Murray et al. Harper's Biochemistry. 24th ed., Appleton and Lange, Stamford, USA, 1996.ISBN 0-8385-3612-3. (or the latest edition available)
Materials prepared by the teachers – MOODLE (presentations, lectures, materials for home preparation, worksheets)
Recommend literature
Z. Durackova et al. Medical Chemistry. Asklepios, Bratislava, 1993. ISBN 80-7167-003-0
P. C. Champe and R.A.Harvey Biochemistry. Lippincott Co, 1987. ISBN 0-397-50801-8 (or the latest edition available)
J.W. Baynes et M. H. Dominiczak Medical Biochemistry. 4th ed., Elsevier 2014. ISBN 978-1-4557-4580-7
