SubjectsSubjects(version: 978)
Course, academic year 2025/2026
   
Biochemistry II - FDP017
Title: Biochemistry II
Guaranteed by: Department of Medical Biochemistry (15-180)
Faculty: Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové
Actual: from 2025
Semester: summer
Points: 0
E-Credits: 5
Examination process: summer s.:
Hours per week, examination: summer s.:26/54, C+Ex [HS]
Capacity: unlimited
Min. number of students: unlimited
4EU+: no
Virtual mobility / capacity: no
Key competences:  
State of the course: taught
Language: English
Teaching methods: full-time
Level:  
Note: deregister from the exam date if a requisite was not fulfilled
Guarantor: doc. Ing. Miloš Hroch, Ph.D.
Co-requisite : FDP016
Incompatibility : FZ10015
Interchangeability : FA0204036
Is pre-requisite for: FDP030, FDP029
In complex pre-requisite: FDP045, FDP046, FDP047, FDP048, FDP049, FDP050, FDP051, FDP052, FDP053, FDP054, FDP055, FDP056, FDP057, FDP058, FDP059, FDP060, FDP061, FDP062, FV054
Annotation
The subject Biochemistry II is focused on the following main areas: 1) Metabolism of the basic components of the organism: the topics smoothly follow on from the subject of Biochemistry I, in which students became familiar with the production of energy in the organism (citrate cycle, electron transport chain, ATP production) and carbohydrate metabolism. The focus is on a basic overview of the metabolism of lipids, eicosanoids, steroids and lipoproteins, ketogenesis, metabolism of proteins and amino acids, the formation of urea and its elimination, the metabolism of porphyrins and bile pigments. 2) Metabolism of organs and tissues: After mastering knowledge about individual metabolic pathways, the description of their presence in organs and tissues is discussed, including a basic idea of mutual communication and regulation. 3) Dental topics: Special attention is paid to the metabolism of the periodontium, bones and teeth (composition, mineralization process, neurohumoral regulation), saliva and gingival fluid; the formation and metabolism of dental plaque is not neglected. Study outcomes 1) The student will get a basic idea of individual metabolic pathways and their interconnection. 2) The student will be able to describe from a biochemical point of view the origin, composition and development of the tooth and the periodontium, including regulations. 3) The student will be able to explain the consequences of the effects of bacterial metabolism products on teeth and periodontium. 4) The student will be able to apply the acquired knowledge to model situations.
Last update: STOKL/LFHK.CUNI.CZ (02.02.2026)
Aim of the course

The aim of the course is to gain an overview of the basic metabolic processes and pathways taking place at the cellular level, to understand them and apply them to biochemical processes in individual tissues and organs and to integrate the principles of their regulation. From the biochemical point of view, to analyse mainly the processes in the oral cavity with a focus on the composition and metabolism of teeth and periodontium, including the formation and metabolism in dental plaque.

Last update: STOKL/LFHK.CUNI.CZ (02.02.2026)
Literature

Compulsory literature

  1. R. Y. Ouellette Introduction to General, Organic and Biological Chemistry. 3rd ed., Mac Millan Publ.Company, New York, 1992. ISBN 0-02-390245-0 (or the latest edition available)
  2. R. K. Murray et al. Harper's Biochemistry. 24th ed., Appleton and Lange, Stamford, USA, 1996.ISBN 0-8385-3612-3. (or the latest edition available)
  3. Materials prepared by the Department - MOODLE

Recommend literature

  1. P. C. Champe and R.A.Harvey Biochemistry. Lippincott Co, 1987. ISBN 0-397-50801-8 (or the latest edition available)
  2. J.W. Baynes et M. H. Dominiczak Medical Biochemistry. 4th ed., Elsevier 2014. ISBN 978-1-4557-4580-7

 

Last update: STOKL/LFHK.CUNI.CZ (04.02.2026)
Requirements to the exam

Credit

  1) Attendance at classes

     Maximum of three absences in classes of Biochemistry II in the semester is allowed. For the first two absences in the semester, you must inform the authorized person Assoc. Prof. A. Stoklasová, M.D., Ph.D. in advance, but it is not necessary to provide any documentation. Starting on the 3rd absence and onwards, only cases documented by valid medical certificates or official documents must be sent to authorized person. The guarantor of the subject will consider it individually and decides whether the excuse is legitimate and acceptable. The guarantor’s decision is not appealable.

Warning: no late arrivals are tolerated.The doors of the lecture rooms will be locked at the scheduled start time of each class.

  2)  Active participation in classes, documented by

  - Completed and submitted homework assignments for laboratory classes and seminars (in MOODLE). Homework must be uploadedby 8 p.m. the day before seminar or laboratory class is held. Missing home work is penalized. In the case of an absence from the class, all homework assignments must be submitted no later than by the end of the semester.

  - Protocols of attended laboratory classes signed by a teacher. In the case of an absence from the laboratory class, special assignment (defined in MOODLE) must be completed no later than by the end of the semester.

 3)  Satisfactory results of examination

   - Average from all graded tests, oral examinations, and graded assignments must be at least 3.00 or better. In the case of absence, substitute tests must be completed no later than by the end of the semester and the date must be settled with Assoc. Prof. A. Stoklasová via e-mail.

     The form of the test and the scope of the topics are specified in the MOODLE program.

 Failure to meet the conditions (1-3), will result in "Non credited" grade (K). Credit will be awarded only after the examination of the entire topics in the relevant semester. In case of a higher number of insufficiently excused absences, the subject Biochemistry II will not be credited at all.

  If the lessons will take place without restrictions and some of the students will be in quarantine or ill for a long time, they are obliged to immediately notify Assoc. Prof. A. Stoklasová (via e-mail). Individual replacement of lessons will be agreed during their absence.

 Consultations can be arranged individually and must be agreed in advance with the teacher by e-mail.

 Inspection of the tests: It is possible for one week from the date of writing, upon agreement with Assoc. Prof. A. Stoklasová (contact via e-mail).

 Note: The pre-term for the biochemistry exam in the summer semester is also conditioned by the results  in the winter semester. It is allowed to those who had an average at least 2.00 or better in the winter semester and the result of the credit test was also at least 2.00 or better.

 

Examination

The student can take the exam only after the credits for both semesters have been awarded. Before examination it is necessary to show an identification card.The exam consists of a written part and an oral part. The written part is held either in the morning on the day of the exam or in the afternoon before the day of the exam. If the student gets ten or less points (out of 32 points) in the written test, he/she will not be invited to the oral part of the exam and will be evaluated with fail grade (4).

 

Last update: STOKL/LFHK.CUNI.CZ (04.02.2026)
Syllabus

 
Lectures

  1. Introduction to Metabolism of Proteins and Amino Acids. Transamination, Oxidative Deamination and Decarboxylation of Amino Acids. Catabolism of the Carbon Skeleton of Amino Acids. Ammonia Formation and its Removal. (Köhlerová 5 h) 
  2. Metabolism of Porphyrins Structure and Function of Haemoglobin. (Köhlerová 1 h) 
  3. Haemostasis, Haemocoagulation. (Řezáčová 1 h) 
  4. Acid-Base Balance, Metabolism of Kidneys. (Řezáčová 2 h)
  5. Introduction to Immunochemistry. (Stulík 1 h)
  6. Metabolism of Connective Tissue and Skin. Connective Tissue Proteins - Collagen and Elastin. Non-collagenous Proteins. (Mrkvicová 2 h) 
  7. Composition of Bones and Teeth. Dentine, Enamel, Cementum. Process of Mineralization and Remodeling. Hormones in Mineralization.  (Stoklasová 3 h) 
  8. Saliva and Metabolism of GIT. (Stoklasová 2 h)
  9. Formation of Dental Plaque and its Metabolism. (Stoklasová 1 h) 
  10. Metabolism of Muscles. (Mrkvicová 2 h)
  11. Principles of Regulation: Signal Molecules and Receptors. (Řezáčová 2 h) 
  12. Hormones and their Function. (Stoklasová 2 h)   
  13. Comparison of the Metabolic Pathways in the Liver, Muscles, Adipose Tissue and CNS. (Stoklasová 1 h)
  14. Introduction to Xenobiochemistry. (Hroch 1 h)

 
Laboratory classes & seminars


Lecturers

  • Prof. Martina Řezáčová, M.D., Ph.D.
  • Assoc. Prof. Dr. Radim Havelek, Ph.D.
  • Assoc. Prof. Ïng. Milos Hroch, Ph.D.
  • Assoc. Prof. Alena Stoklasová, M.D., Ph.D.
  • Dr. Renata Köhlerová , Ph.D.
  • Dr. Alena Mrkvicová, Ph.D.
  • Dr. Martin Uher, Ph.D.

 

Seminars

  1. Lipids: Classification, Structure, Properties; Metabolism of Fatty Acids, Triacylglycerols and Complex Lipids. Ketogenesis.
  2. Lipoproteins: Digestion, Absorption and Transport of Lipids. Metabolism of Lipoproteins, Hyperlipoproteinaemias, Atherosclerosis. Test.
  3. Steroids: Classification, Structure, Propertiess.  Metabolsim of Cholesterol, Bile Acids and Steroid Hormones. Test.
  4. Metabolism of Amino Acids I: Proteins- Digestion, Absorption, Transport. Metabolism of Ammonia. Biosynthesis of Urea.
  5. Metabolism of Amino Acids II: Transamination, Oxidative Deamination and Decarboxylation of Amino Acids. Specific Meatabolism, Hormones and Neurotransmitters Derived form Amino Acids. Test.
  6. Blood: Metabolism of Blood Elements and their Metabolism. Haemostasis, Haemocoagulation, Importance of Eicosanoids.
  7. Homeostasis: Acid-Base Balance. Minerals and Water in the Body. Hormonal Control.
  8. Connective Tissue: Proteins of Connective Tissue and their Metabolism. Glycosaminoglycans, Proteoglycans, Glycoproteins. 
  9. Bones and Teeth: their Physical and Chemical Characteristics. Organic and Inorganic Components. Process of Mineralization and Rebuilding. Test.
  10. Metabolism of Oral Cavity: pH, Composition and Production of Saliva  nad Gingival Fluid. Dental Plaque and its Metabolism.Pulp and Periodotal Ligament. Test.
  11. Muscles: Metabolism of Contractile Tissue. Energy Sources and their Relationship. 
  12. Regulation: Receptors. Principles of Regulation of Living Systems. Hormones I: Structure and Properties of Pituitary and Hypothalamic Hormones.
  13. Hormones II: Structure and Properties of Hormones of Thyroidal Gland, Adrenal Medulla and Pancreas. Steroid Hormones. Relationship in Metabolism of Carbohydrates, Lipids and Proteins in Selected Tissues and their Regulation. Test.
  14. Xenobiochemistry: Basic Principles.

Laboratory classes

  1. Glucose Measurement /Glycaemia)in the Serum.
  2. Nireogen Metabolism Products.
  3. Haemoglobin and Bile Pigments.
  4. Inorganic Components of Extracellular Fluids.
Last update: STOKL/LFHK.CUNI.CZ (04.02.2026)
 
Charles University | Information system of Charles University | http://www.cuni.cz/UKEN-329.html