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Course, academic year 2025/2026
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Biochemistry I - FDP016
Title: Biochemistry I
Guaranteed by: Department of Medical Biochemistry (15-180)
Faculty: Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové
Actual: from 2025
Semester: winter
Points: 0
E-Credits: 7
Examination process: winter s.:
Hours per week, examination: winter s.:40/60, C [HS]
Capacity: unlimited
Min. number of students: unlimited
4EU+: no
Virtual mobility / capacity: no
Key competences:  
State of the course: taught
Language: English
Teaching methods: full-time
Level:  
Guarantor: doc. Ing. Miloš Hroch, Ph.D.
Incompatibility : FZ10014
Interchangeability : FA0203036, FA0203136
Is co-requisite for: FDP017
Is incompatible with: FG50014, FV035
In complex pre-requisite: FDP045, FDP046, FDP047, FDP048, FDP049, FDP050, FDP051, FDP052, FDP053, FDP054, FDP055, FDP056, FDP057, FDP058, FDP059, FDP060, FDP061, FDP062
Annotation
General Chemistry: periodic system, chemical bond, interactions between molecules.Inorganic Chemistry: nomenclature, elements and their compounds, alloys, inorganic compounds in dentistry. Physical Chemistry: chemical reactions, chemical thermodynamics, kinetics of reactions, chemical equilibrium, catalysis, solutions and their properties, oxidation and reduction equilibrium, the Nernst equation, colloidal state, osmotic pressure, surface phenomena. Organic Chemistry: structure of organic compounds, isomers, hydrocarbons and their derivatives, reactions of organic compounds, heterocyclic compounds, vitamins, carbohydrates, lipids, steroids,terpenes, amino acids, peptides and proteins, nucleic acid. Biochemistry: Introduction to enzymology, overview of intermedisry metabolism,biological oxidation, citric acid cycle, metabolism of carbohydrates, metabolism of lipids.
Last update: Stoklasová Alena, doc. MUDr., CSc. (03.09.2025)
Aim of the course

The aim of the course is to provide knowledge of chemistry that is necessary for understanding the chemical principles applied in biochemistry and other related subjects and to emphasize those areas that are related to dentistry.

Last update: Stoklasová Alena, doc. MUDr., CSc. (03.09.2025)
Literature

Compulsory literature

  1. R. Y. Ouellette Introduction to General, Organic and Biological Chemistry. 3rd ed., Mac Millan Publ.Company, New York, 1992. ISBN 0-02-390245-0 (or the latest edition available)
  2. R. K. Murray et al. Harper's Biochemistry. 24th ed., Appleton and Lange, Stamford, USA, 1996.ISBN 0-8385-3612-3. (or the latest edition available)     

            Materials prepared by the teachers – MOODLE (presentations, lectures, materials for home preparation, worksheets)

 Recommend literature

  1. Z. Durackova et al. Medical Chemistry. Asklepios, Bratislava, 1993. ISBN 80-7167-003-0
  2. P. C. Champe and R.A.Harvey Biochemistry. Lippincott Co, 1987. ISBN 0-397-50801-8 (or the latest edition available)
  3. J.W. Baynes et M. H. Dominiczak Medical Biochemistry. 4th ed., Elsevier 2014. ISBN 978-1-4557-4580-7
Last update: Stoklasová Alena, doc. MUDr., CSc. (03.09.2025)
Requirements to the exam

Credit:

1) Attendance at classes

Maximum of three absences in classes of Biochemistry I in the semester is allowed. For the first two absences in the semester, you must inform the authorized person in advance, but it is not necessary to provide any documentation. Starting on the 3rd absence and onwards, only cases documented by valid medical certificates or official documents will be considered. The documents must be sent to authorized person Assoc Prof. Alena Stoklasová, M.D., Ph.D. The guarantor of the subject will consider it individually and decides whether the excuse is legitimate and acceptable. The guarantor’s decision is not appealable. Warning: no late arrivals are tolerated. The doors of lecture rooms will be locked at the scheduled start time of each class.

2) Active participation in classes, documented by

- completed and submitted homework assignments for laboratory classes and seminars (in MOODLE). Homework must be uploaded by 8 p.m. the day before the seminar and laboratory class is held. Missing homework is penalized and rated with a grade of 4. In the case of a justified  absence from the class, homework assignment is not necessary to upload.

- protocols of attended laboratory classes signed by a teacher. In the case of a justified absence from the class, the protocol is not written.

3) Satisfactory results of examination

Average from all graded tests, oral examinations, and graded assignments must be at least 3.00 or better. In the case of absence, substitute tests must be completed no later than by the end of the semester and the date must be settled with Assoc. Prof. A. Stoklasová via e-mail.

4) Credit test

The result must be graded at least 3.00 or better (67 %).

Manual and topics of written tests and oral examinations are available in MOODLE.

Failure to meet the contidtions (1-4) will result in “Non credited” grade. Student has the right to two retakes for fulfilment of criterion (3) and (4) for the course credit. The retake will have a form of examination covering all topics of Biochemistry I.

 

In the event of a forced transition to online teaching, lectures and seminars will take place as planned in an online mode. Worksheets will be available in MOODLE, their submission will be limited in time and processing will be controlled. The materials will also include test questions. Testing will be in an online mode in various forms including essay. For laboratory classes, short videos will be prepared introducing students to the relevant technique and will be supplemented by the processing of given data and their evaluation.

If the lessons will take place without restrictions and some of the students will be in quarantine or ill for a long time, they are obliged to immediately notify Assoc. Prof. A. Stoklasová (via e-mail). Individual replacement of lessons will be agreed during their absence.

Consultations can be arranged individually and must be agreed in advance with the teacher by email.

Inspection of the tests: It is possible for one week from the date of writing, upon agreement with Assoc. Prof. A. Stoklasová (contact via e-mail).

Note: The pre-term for the biochemistry exam in the summer semester is also conditioned by the results  in the winter semester. It is allowed to those who had an average at least 2.00 or better in the winter semester and the result of the credit test was also at least 2.00 or better.

 

 

Last update: Stoklasová Alena, doc. MUDr., CSc. (03.09.2025)
Syllabus

Lectures

  1. Introduction to Subject. (Stoklasová 1)
  2. Effect of ionizing Radiation on Living Systems. (Hroch 2)
  3. Chemical Thermodynamics - the Laws of Thermodynamics, Enthalpy, Entropy, Free Energy. Spontaneity of Chemical Change. (Hroch 1) 
  4. Kinetics of Chemical Reactions. (Hroch 1)
  5. Anabolism and Catabolism, High Energy Compound. (Stoklasová 1)
  6. Solutions and their Properties. Solubility, Concentration of Solutions. Solutions of Electrolytes, Colloidal and Osmotic Properties of Solutions. (Havelek 3)
  7. Acids and Bases. The pH Scale. Buffers, Characterization, pH, Capacity. Buffers of the Blood. (Havelek 2)
  8. Hydrocarbons and their Derivatives. Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes, Cycloalkanes, Aromatic Hydrocarbones; Alkyl- and Aryl Halides, Amino-, Nitro-derivatives of Hydrocarbons; Thiols, Sulphides, Disulphides, Sulphonic Acids; Alcohols, Phenols; Aldehydes, Ketones; Carboxylic Acids and their Derivatives. Urea and its Derivatives. (Muthná 4)
  9. Heterocyclic Compounds with one or more Heteroatoms, their Importance in Biochemisty. Vitamins. (Řezáčová 2)
  10. Amino Acids and their Physical and Chemical Properties. Peptides. Proteins - Amino Acid Composition, Conformation of Proteins - Types of Bonds. (Mrkvicová 1)
  11. Enzymes - Characterization, Mechanism of their Action. Kinetics of Enzymatic Reactions. Environmental Effects Influencing Enzyme Activity. Inhibition of Enzyme Activity.  Enzymes in Medicine. (Mrkvicová 2)
  12. Introduction to Metabolism. Citric Acid Cycle and its Regulation. (Řezáčová 1)
  13. Oxidation and Reduction in Living Systems. Biological Oxidation. Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species. (Řezáčová 2)
  14. Electron Transport Chain. Aerobic Phosphorylation. (Řezáčová 2)
  15. Carbohydrates. Monosaccharides - Classificaton, Configuration. Optical Activity, Anomers, Epimers. Reactions of Monosaccharides. Glycosidic linkage. Reducing and non-reducing Disaccharides. Polysaccharides and Glycosaminoglycans - Composition, Properties. Digestion.  Metabolism of Glucose, Fructose, Galactose and Polysaccharides. (Řezáčová 5)
  16. Artificial Sweeteners. (Stoklasová 1)
  17. Disinfectans, Anesthetics. (Stoklasová 1)
  18. Composition of Tooth Pastes. (Stoklasová 1)
  19. Nucleic Acids. (Beránek 2)
  20. Lipids - Classification and Properties. Waxes. Digestion. Metabolism of Triacylglycerols, Phospholipids, Fatty Acids. Cholesterol and its Metabolism. (Stoklasová 4)

Credit Test

Laboratory classes & seminars

Lecturers

  • Prof. Martina Řezáčová M.D., Ph.D.
  • Assoc. Prof. Radim Havelek, Dr., Ph.D.
  • Assoc. Prof. Miloš Hroch, Ing., Ph.D.
  • Assoc. Prof. Alena Stoklasová, M.D., Ph.D.
  • Renata Köhlerová, MS, Ph.D.
  • Darina Muthná, Dr., Ph.D.
  • Alena Mrkvicová, MS, Ph.D.
  • Darja Koutová, MS.

Seminars

  1. Basic Calculations in Chemistry. Themodynamics and Kinetics of Chemical Reactions. Oxidation-Reduction Equations. 
  2. Solutions. Electrolytes, Electrolytic Dissociation. The Bronstedt-Lowry Concept. The pH of Acids and Bases. Buffers. Calculations. Test.
  3. Organic Compounds Important in Biochemistry I. Hydrocarbons, Alcohols, Phenols, Quinones, Nitrogen- and Halogen-derivatives, Sulphur-containing Compounds, Aldehydes, Ketones, their Rections. Test.
  4. Organic Compounds Important in Biochemistry II.  Organic Acids, their Reactions. Urea and its Derivatives. Test.
  5. Heterocycles. Vitamins. Terpenes. Polymers in Medicine.Test.
  6. Amino Acids, Peptides, Proteins. 
  7. Enzymes, Structure, Mechanism of their Action.Factors Affecting the Rate of Enzyme Catalyzed Reactions. Isoenzymes.
  8. Introduction to Metabolism. Citric Acid Cycle. Substrate Phosphhorylation.
  9. Biological Oxidation. Electron Transport Chain. Metabolism of Oxygen. Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species. Test.
  10. Carbohydrates I: Classification, Structure, Properties, Digestion. Metaboslism of Glucose - Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis.Microorganisms and Metabolism of Carbohydrates. Artificial Sweeteners
  11. Carbohydrates II: Pentose Phosphate Pathway, Metabolsim of Glycogen. Metabolism of Fructose, Galactose, Uronic, Acid, Glycosaminoglycans, Proteoglycans and Glycoproteins. Test.
  12. Inorganic and Organic Compounds in Dentistry.
  13. Nucleic Acids - DNA, RNA, Composition, Replication, Transcription, Translation, Modification.

 

Laboratory classes

  1. Laboratory Practice and Safety Rules. Introduction to Spectrophotometry.
  2. Potenciometry. Determination of Acetic Acid Concentration in Vinegar.
  3. Spectrophotometry. Determination of Fe2+ Ions Concentration.
  4. The pH Measurement. Preparation of a Buffer Solution and Verification of its Buffering Effect.
  5. Factors Influencing Laboratory Results. Accuracy of Measurement.
  6. General Properties of Amino Acids and Proteins. Determination of Isoelectric Point of Protein.
  7. Properties of Enzymes - the Influence of pH, Temperature, Concentrations and Substrate Specificity. 

Notes:

Attendance at laboratory classes and seminars is COMPULSORY and a register is kept. Substitution of written tests must be consulted with Asssoc. prof. Stoklasová in case of your unavoidable absence (e. g. illness). Before starting laboratory class, do not forget laboratory coat and change your shoes (with rubber sole no shoe covers).  Calculator is necessary. Laboratory manual is available in MOODLE.

Last update: Stoklasová Alena, doc. MUDr., CSc. (11.09.2025)
 
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