Based on the current measures put in place by the Faculty, the organization of teaching will be as follows: Pathology practical classes (practices, seminars) will be taught in person, they will take place in rooms on the 3rd floor of the Institute of pathology. The lectures will be taught in person as well, they will take place in the lecture hall on the 2nd floor.
If there are any changes to the organization of your classes you will all be informed immediately through MS Teams and also on the website of our Institute.
Poslední úprava: Skálová Helena, MUDr., Ph.D. (12.11.2025)
Literatura
Povinná:
Kumar V., Abbas A., Aster J.. Robbins, Cotran & Kumar Pathologic Basis of Disease (Robbins Pathology). : Elsevier. 11th Edition, 2025, s. ISBN 9780443264528.
Poslední úprava: Skálová Helena, MUDr., Ph.D. (12.11.2025)
Požadavky ke zkoušce
THE CREDIT will be awarded to students after fulfilling the following conditions:
1. During the course of the semester, each student must take all of the General (winter semester) and Organ (summer semester) pathology tests available on Moodle of the 1st Faculty of Medicine. More information about the tests is available in Files. In order to obtain the credit it is necessary to succesfully pass all the test in the particular course. There is no time limit to how long you can take to fill out the test. The students can take these tests in any order they wish to and at any time, provided that they have taken all of the tests by the end of the given semester.
2. Meeting the attendance requirements. Attendance of the practical lessons and seminars is mandatory. The students are allowed to have a total of 3 absences for the entire semester.
PATHOLOGY FINAL EXAMINATION TOPICS
GENERAL PATHOLOGY 1. General mechanisms of cell damage 2. Cell death 3. Adaptation mechanisms of tissues and organs – definitions, examples 4. Hyperplasia and hypertrophy 5. Atrophy 6. Metaplasia 7. Thrombosis 8. Embolism 9. Hyperemia and haemorrhage 10. Ischemia 11. Infarction 12. Disorders of liquid metabolism: edema and dehydration 13. Causes of circulatory failure 14. Cardiac manifestations of circulatory failure 15. Extra-cardiac (systemic) manifestations of circulatory failure 16. Shock 17. Pathogenesis of human diseases on the level of organelles (endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, lysosomal system, mitochondria, peroxisomes) 18. Intracellular accumulation of lipids – steatosis, lipidoses 19. Intracellular accumulation of proteins 20. Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism (glycogenoses, diabetes mellitus) 21. Disorders of extracellular matrix composition 22. Pathologic calcification 23. Amyloidosis 24. Endogenous pigments 25. Exogenous pigments 26. Crystals and concretions 27. Definition of inflammation, causes of inflammation 28. Pathogenesis/phases of inflammation 29. Main microscopic signs of inflammation 30. Macroscopic signs of inflammation, systemic manifestation of inflammatory reaction 31. Types of exudative non-specific inflammation 32. Development of acute inflammation 33. Chronic inflammation 34. Superficial and interstitial inflammations and their healing 35. Specific (granulomatous) inflammation 36. Tuberculosis – types and manifestations 37. Primary tuberculosis 38. Post-primary tuberculosis 39. Sarcoidosis
40. Syphilis 41. Granulomatous-suppurative inflammation, leprosy and infectious scleroma 42. Regeneration and reparation 43. Healing of wounds 44. Healing of thrombi, hematomas, necroses and fractures 45. Mechanisms of tissue damage caused by immunological processes 46. Pathology of transplantation 47. Autoimmune diseases 48. Immunodeficiencies 49. Genetic causes of diseases 50. Nutritional causes of pathological states 51. Chemical causes of pathological states 52. Physical causes of pathological states 53. Transmission, entry and spread of infection in an organism 54. Mechanisms of damage to the organism caused by viral and bacterial infections 55. Developmental causes of diseases – malformations 56. Definitions and classification of tumors 57. Characteristics and clinical signs of benign, borderline and malignant tumors 58. Local growth attributes of tumors. Spread of malignant tumors. 59. Typing, grading and staging of tumors 60. Causes of tumor development 61. Molecular basis of tumor development 62. Congenital and acquired predispositions towards tumor development. Precanceroses 63. Pseudotumors 64. Epithelial tumors 65. Mesenchymal tumors 66. Tumors of hematopoietic and lymphatic tissues 67. Neuroectodermal tumors 68. Germ cell tumors 69. Mixed tumors
PATHOLOGY OF ORGAN SYSTEMS
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM PATHOLOGY 70. Systemic and pulmonary hypertension 71. Degenerative and inflammatory diseases of the arteries 72. Diseases of veins and lymphatic vessels 73. Congenital heart malformations 74. Diseases of heart valves 75. Ischemic heart disease 76. Diseases of myocardium and pericardium 77. Tumors of the heart and vessels
HEMATOPATHOLOGY 78. Anemias, bone marrow supression 79. Myeloproliferative neoplasias and myelodysplastic syndromes 80. Acute and chronic leukemias 81. Bleeding disorders 82. Lymphadenopathies 83. General characteristics of lymphoid cell tumors 84. Non-Hodgkin lymphomas 85. Hodgkin lymphomas, plasmocytic tumors 86. Non-neoplastic diseases and tumors of the spleen
PATHOLOGY OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM, PLEURA AND MEDIASTINUM 87. Non-neoplastic diseases and tumors of the nose, paranasal sinuses, and pharynx 88. Inflammations and tumors of the larynx, trachea, and middle ear 89. Changes of the airiness of lung parenchyma (atelectasis, collapse, emphysema) 90. Disorders of pulmonary circulation, pulmonary embolism 91. Pulmonary edema and diffuse alveolar damage 92. Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, chronic bronchitis 93. Chronic interstitial (restrictive) pulmonary disorders, pneumoconioses 94. Granulomatous inflammations of the lungs 95. Infectious inflammations of the lungs (bacterial, viral, fungal) 96. Tumors of the bronchi and lungs 97. Pathological content of pleural cavity, inflammations and tumors of pleura 98. Pathology of the mediastinum
PATHOLOGY OF THE GIT AND PERITONEUM 99. Non-neoplastic diseases of the esophagus
100. Tumors of the esophagus 101. Gastritides and gastropathy 102. Gastroduodenal ulcer disease 103. Tumors of the stomach 104. Vascular disorders, changes in the position and lumen of the intestine, ileus 105. Infectious inflammations of the intestine 106. Non-infectious inflammations of the intestine, malabsorption syndrome 107. Appendicitis 108. Intestinal polyps and polyposes, tumors of the intestine 109. Pathological content of peritoneal cavity, inflammations and tumors of the peritoneum
PATHOLOGY OF THE LIVER, BILIARY TREE AND PANCREAS 110. Icterus, cholestasis, and liver failure 111. Main mechanisms of liver damage (accumulation of substances, necrosis, apoptosis, icterus...) 112. Liver cirrhosis, circulatory liver disorders 113. Hepatitides 114. Tumors and pseudotumors of the liver 115. Non-neoplastic disorders and tumors of the gallbladder and extrahepatic biliary tree 116. Non-neoplastic disorders and tumors of the pancreas
NEPHROPATHOLOGY AND UROPATHOLOGY 117. Glomerulopathies 118. Vascular disorders of the kidneys, diabethic nephropathy 119. Diseases of renal tubules and interstitium 120. Malformations of the urogenital system 121. Tumors of the kidneys 122. Non-neoplastic diseases and tumors of the lower urinary tract 123. Non-neoplastic diseases and tumors of the penis 124. Non-neoplastic diseases and tumors of the testicles 125. Non-neoplastic diseases and tumors of the prostate
GYNECOPATHOLOGY, PATHOLOGY OF THE PREGNANCY, BREAST PATHOLOGY 126. Non-neoplastic diseases and tumors of the vulva and vagina 127. Non-neoplastic diseases and tumors of the uterine cervix 128. Non-neoplastic diseases of the uterine body 129. Precanceroses and tumors of the uterine body 130. Diseases of the fallopian tubes, extrauterine pregnancy 131. Cysts and tumors of the ovary 132. Diseases of the placenta, umbilical cord, and fetal membranes (abnormalities of the placenta and umbilical cord, inflammations) 133. Pathology of the pregnancy ((pre)eclampsia, acute complications of the pregnancy and labour affecting the mother)
134. Non-neoplastic diseases of the breast 135. Tumors of the breast
PATHOLOGY OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM AND NEUROMUSCULAR PATHOLOGY 136. Traumatic injuries to the CNS, brain edema, intracranial hypertension 137. Cerebrovascular disorders (vascular malformations, ischemia, hemorrhage) 138. Neuroinfections, prionoses 139. Demyelinating and neurodegenerative disorders 140. Tumors of the CNS 141. Peripheral neuropathy, disorders of the neuromuscular junction, myopathies
PATHOLOGY OF THE BONES AND JOINTS 142. Malformations of bones 143. Osteoporosis, bone fractures and their healing, osteonecrosis 144. Metabolic diseases of the bones, renal osteodystrophy 145. Inflammations of the bones 146. Pseudotumors, cysts and tumors of the bones 147. Non-neoplastic diseases and tumors of the joints
PATOLOGIE ENDOKRINNÍHO SYSTÉMU 148. Non-neoplastic diseases and tumors of the pituitary gland, pituitary syndromes 149. Disorders of the function an tumors of the adrenal glands 150. Non-neoplastic diseases and tumors of the thyroid gland, thyroid syndromes 151. Diseases of the parathyroid glands
DIABETES MELLITUS 152. Diabetes mellitus
PATHOLOGY OF THE SKIN 153. Non-infectious dermatitides 154. Infectious dermatitides and inflammatory diseases of the dermis and hypodermis 155. Tumors and pseudotumors of the epidermis 156. Melanocytic lesions
PEDIATRIC PATHOLOGY 157. Immaturity and prenatal pathology of the newborn 158. Perinatal disorders of the newborn and disorders of postnatal adaptation
PATHOLOGY OF SYSTEMIC INFECTIONS 159. Infections caused by herpetic viruses, viral exanthemas 160. Infections caused by gram-positive bacteria 161. Infections caused by gram-negative bacteria
162. Mycoses 163. Protozoal infections (toxoplasmosis, malaria, amoebic diseases, giardiasis, trichomoniasis, leischmaniosis, trypanozomiasis) and helmintoses (nematodoses, infections caused by trematodes and taenias)
OROFACIAL PATHOLOGY 1. Necrosis, atrophy, metabolic changes, and pigmentations of the oral cavity 2. Acute inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity (review, classification) 3. Infectious vesiculous orofacial inflammatory diseases 4. Recurrent aphtous stomatitis 5. Purulent inflammatory orofacial diseases 6. Orofacial findings in acute systemic infections 7. Chronic inflammatory diseases of oral cavity 8. Orofacial syphilis 9. Orofacial tuberculosis 10. Orofacial granulomas without specific infectious etiology (foreign body granuloma, granulomatous cheilitis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, Crohn’s disease) 11. Chronic lesions with granuloma-like macroscopy (periapical granuloma, pyogenic granuloma, granuloma fissuratum, eosinophilic granuloma) 12. Orofacial candidiasis 13. Non-infectious (immune-mediated) orofacial inflammatory diseases 14. Gingivitides 15. Pathological changes of the tongue 16. Fibrous hyperplasias and fibromatoses of the oral cavity 17. Epulides 18. Oral soft tissue tumors and pseudotumors 19. Orofacial epithelial pseudotumors and benign tumors 20. Orofacial precanceroses and malignant epithelial tumors 21. Tumors and pseudotumors of jaws 22. Developmental disorders of teeth 23. Abrasion, erosion, resorption of tooth tissues 24. Dental caries 25. Pulpitis and periapical periodontitis 26. Chronic periodontal diseases 27. Odontogenic cysts 28. Non-odontogenic cysts of the oral cavity 29. Epithelial odontogenic tumors 30. Mesenchymal and mixed odontogenic tumors 31. Non-neoplastic diseases of salivary glands 32. Tumors of salivary glands 33. Cysts of the neck
Poslední úprava: Skálová Helena, MUDr., Ph.D. (12.11.2025)
Sylabus - angličtina
Winter Semester:
1. Introduction; Role and methods in pathology; Health, illness, causes of diseases, classification of diseases;
Cell damage; Necrosis, apoptosis; Fate of the damaged tissue.
2. Pathology of organelles; Secretion process and its disorders; Amyloidosis.
3. Steatosis, basic principles of cellular and organ pathology - mitochondrial and peroxisomal disorders; Cellular and organ pathology of disorders of glycogen degradation, calcification.
5. Exogenous pigments; Manifestations of circulatory insufficienc.
6. Local circulatory disorders; Inflammation I.
7. Inflammation II; Inflammation III
8. Inflammation IV; Infectious diseases I.
9. Infectious diseases II; General onkology
10. Infectious block
11. Biology of growth of tumours; Praecanceroses; Fundamentals od molecular pathology of tumor disease; Use of molecular biologicalmethods in molecular pathology.
12. Mesenchymal tumours; Epithelial tumours.
13. Lymphomas and leukamias.
14. Neuroectodermal tumours; Cardiovascular malformations; Pathology of the endocardium.
15. Pathology of the myocardium; Pathology of vessels.
Summer Semester:
Pathology of the respiratory system I, II
Haematopathology I, II, III
Orofacial pathology
Pathology of the digestive system I, II
Pathology of the liver
Pathology of the biliary tract and pankrea
Pathology of the urinary system I, II
Pathology of the female genital system I, II
Pathology of the male genital system
Pathology of the pregnancy and newborn
Pathology of the CNS I, II, III
Pathology of the locomotory system I, II, III
Pathology of endocrine glands I, II, III
Pathology of the skin I, II; Diagnostic cytopathology.
Significance of the biopsy diagnostics.
Case reports.
Diseases of the hard dental tissue
Diseases of dental pulp
Parodontal diseases
Cyst of jaws and facial cysts
Inflammatory granulomas and epulides
Infectious diseases in the oral cavity
Autoimmune oral disease
Case reports, repeating
Lymphadenopathies and neoplasms
Breast pathology of the head and neck lymphnoes
Pathology of the tongue
Precanceroses and carcinomas of the oral cavity
Salivary gland diseases
Odontogenic neoplasms
Other tumoriform and neoplastic diseases
Repeating
Poslední úprava: Kolářová Jana (27.01.2020)
Rozpis výuky -
Rozpis datumový
Den
Datum
Popis
Učitel
Soubory
Poznámka
Hodnocení
Pondělí
29.09.2025
Introduction. Role and methods in pathology. Health, illness, causes of diseases, classification of diseases.
prof. MUDr. Jaroslava Dušková, CSc.
Čtvrtek
02.10.2025
Types and causes of cell and tissue damage. Adaptation, necrosis and apoptosis.
prof. MUDr. Jaroslava Dušková, CSc.
Pondělí
06.10.2025
Pathology of organelles. Secretion process and its disorders. Lysosomes, peroxisomes, Mitochondria.
