SubjectsSubjects(version: 996)
Course, academic year 2026/2027
   
Cellular Basis of Medicine - C1VL001
Title: Buněčné základy medicíny
Form of teaching:  
Guaranteed by: Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology 3FM CU (12-BIOC)
Faculty: Third Faculty of Medicine
Actual: from 2026
Duration in semesters: 2
Semester: winter
Points: 36
E-Credits: 36
Examination process: winter s.:
summer s.:
Hours per week, examination: winter s.:134/95, C [HS]
summer s.:154/82, C+Ex [HS]
Extent per academic year: 0 [hours]
Capacity: winter:unknown / unknown (unknown)
summer:unknown / unknown (unknown)
Maximum number of enrolled students: unlimited
Min. number of students: unlimited
4EU+: no
Virtual mobility / capacity: no
Key competences:  
State of the course: taught
Language: Czech, English
Teaching methods: full-time
Level:  
Repeated enrollment: 1 / 1 / 1 / 1
Note: deregister from the exam date if a requisite was not fulfilled
Guarantor: doc. Ing. Michaela Šiklová, Ph.D.
Interchangeability : CVSE1M0001
Is pre-requisite for: CPVL158, CPVL135, CPVL162, CPVL154, CPVL153, CPVL159, CPVL160, CPVL161, CVOL0232, CVOL0406, CPVL132, CPVL133, CPVL144, CPVL145, CPVL146, CPVL147, CPVL030, CPVL023, CPVL143, CPVL151, CPVL152, CVOL0407, CPVL149, CPVL027, CPVL036, CPVL037, CPVL038, CPVL039, CPVL040, CPVL041, CPVL042, CPVL043, CPVL044, CPVL045, CPVL046, CPVL048, CPVL049, CPVL050, CPVL053, CPVL054, CVOL0356, CPVL134, CPVL056, CPVL055, CPVL057, CPVL058, CPVL059, CPVL060, CPVL062, CPVL064, CPVL065, CPVL066, CPVL070, CPVL073, CPVL075, CPVL076, CPVL077, CPVL080, CPVL081, CPVL082, CPVL083, CPVL084, CPVL089, CPVL090, CPVL092, CPVL093, CPVL094, CPVL095, CPVL113, CPVL115, CPVL116, CPVL117, CPVL118, CPVL119, CPVL120, CPVL121, CPVL122, CPVL123, CPVL124, CPVL126, CPVL127, CPVL128, CPVL129, CPVL131, CPVL148, CPVL136, CPVL142, CPVL101, CPVL102, CVOL0299, CPVL072, CPVL155, CPVL138, CPVL137, CPVL139, CPVL103, CPVL112, CPVL111, CPVL097, CPVL098, CPVL110, CPVL099, CPVL002, CPVL003, CPVL004, CPVL005, CPVL006, CPVL009, CPVL021, CPVL012, CPVL013, CPVL014, CPVL016, CPVL017, CPVL018, CPVL019, CPVL020, CPVL022, CPVL024, CPVL025, CPVL026, CPVL031, CPVL032, CPVL034, CPVL011, CPVL100, CPVL051, CPVL104, CPVL105, CPVL096, CPVL107, CPVL108, CPVL106, CPVL109, CPVL071
Is interchangeable with: CVSE1M0001
Schedule   
Annotation -
Module Cellular Basis of Medicine ("module Cell") consists of four courses - two in the winter semester and two in the summer semester: Course 1 - Cell structure and heredity (8 weeks), Course 2 - Cell metabolism and specialisation (7 weeks), Course 3 - Cell signalling and immunity (7 weeks), Course 4 - Cell cycle and development (8 weeks). The teaching in this module is carried out by the Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular biology, Department of Histology and Embryology, Department of Medical Genetics and Department of Immunology and Clinical Biochemistry.
Last update: Kvasnicová Vladimíra, Mgr. (01.10.2021)
Aim of the course -

The aim of the course is to give a comprehensive overview of cells and tissues: in an integrated form, students gain knowledge from molecular biology, biochemistry, histology, genetics and immunology. Emphasis is especially placed on linking the knowledge of cellular biological and related disciplines to each other and also with their implications for preclinical and clinical disciplines. The course's learning meetings create opportunities for understanding principles related to cellular structures and functions, together with the application of these principles to model or real-world situations, complemented by practical skills in laboratory science, data interpretation and work with information.

Last update: Kvasnicová Vladimíra, Mgr. (01.10.2021)
Literature -

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

  • Alberts B. et al.: Essential Cell Biology. Garland Science, New York & London, 2010
  • Alberts B. et.al.: Molecular Biology of the Cell. Garland Science, New York, 2008 
  • Lodish H. et al.: Molecular Cell Biology. W. H. Freeman and Company, New York, 2008
  • Knowles M. and Selby P.: Introduction to the Cellular and Molecular Biology of Cancer. Oxford University Press, Oxford & New York, 2005

 BIOCHEMISTRY

  • Rodwell Victor W.: Harper´s Illustrated Biochemistry, 31st ed., 2018, ISBN 978-1259837937 (main recommended textbook for biochemistry)
  • Jan Koolman, Klaus-Heinrich Röhm: Color Atlas of Biochemistry, Thieme, Stuttgard, 2012, ISBN 978-3131003737, also available from http://www.lf3.cuni.cz/en/departments/svi/e-book/foreign-books/index.html  
  • Pamela C. Champe, Richard A. Harvey: Lippincott´s Illustrated Reviews - Biochemistry, ISBN 0-397-51091-8
  • Thomas M. Devlin et al.: Textbook of Biochemistry With Clinical Correlations, 4th ed., ISBN 0-471-15451-2

 GENETICS

  • Robert L. Nussbaum, Roderick R. McInnes, Huntington F. Willard: Thompson and Thompson: Genetics in Medicine. Eighth edition, Elsevier 2016, ISBN 978-1-4377-0696-3
  • Lynn B. Jorde, John C. Carey, Michael J. Bamshad: Medical Genetics. Fifth edition, Elsevier 2016, ISBN 978-0-323-18835-7
  • Dorian J. Pritchard, Bruce R. Korf: Medical Genetics at a Glance. Second edition, Blackwell Publishing 2008

 HISTOLOGY

  • Junqueira LC, Carneiro J: Basic Histology. Text and atlas. 17th ed. McGraw-Hill, New York 2024.
  • Ross and Pawlina: Histology a Text and Atlas (with correlated cell and molecular biology)
  • Balko J, Tonar Z, Varga I. A kol. Memorix histology, 1st edition, 2018, Triton, ISBN 9788075535771
  • Moore KL,Persaud TVN: The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryolog, 10th ed, Elsevier, 2015, ISBN 80-85866-94-3
  • Sadler TW: Langman´s Medical Embryology, 14th ed., William and Wilkins 2018, ISBN 1975114841

 IMMUNOLOGY

  • Abbas, AH Lichtman, S Pillai.  Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Elsevier, 2011. 7th ed.
  • Roitt I, Delves PJ: Essential Immunology. Blackwell Scientific Publications 2012, 12th ed.
  • Kindt TJ: Kuby Immunology, New York : W.H. Freeman, 2006 
  • Immunobiology, Janeway CA et al., available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=imm.TOC&depth=2
  • Any other immunology textbook can be used

 

Last update: Zoubková Hana, RNDr., Ph.D. (13.04.2026)
Teaching methods -

Forms of teaching in this module include lectures, seminars and practicals.
Essay topics are assigned by teachers before some seminars in which they are presented by students. During some practical exercises, they develop protocols or take tests of preparations/mounts knowledge in the end of semester, and during some practical exercises, students solve clinical detective stories. The solutions of the detective stories, protocol assignments, and information from the essays are then presented to all students.

Last update: Zoubková Hana, RNDr., Ph.D. (24.11.2025)
Course assessment methods and requirements for successful completion, grading scheme -

Exam requirements

The final module exam will take place in the summer examination period (June-September) in the form of a written test from all five subjects of the module (biochemistry, histology, molecular biology, genetics and imunology). In order to pass the exam you must obtain at least 60 % of points from questions of each subject and at the same time obtain at least 70 % of the total number of points from the test. The points you accumulated over the year in course tests will be added to your total score and as such they can help you pass the test or improve your mark. However, these points are not added to the 60 % requirement from each subject, you must reach this mark regardless of your work during the year. 

Detailed information about exam:

·      exam test can be taken three times at maximum, only in the summer examination period

·      exam dates are announced in SIS - you can sign up for the exam only if you’ve received both semestral credits (winter and summer)

·      you MUST sign up for chosen date of the exam in SIS: you will not be able to take the test without it

·      once you register for an exam you must attend - if you fail to attend without a prior apology you will lose the attempt, i.e. out of three total attempts you will only have two (or one if you fail to attend again without a prior apology)

·      it is a written exam containing Short Answer Questions, it is realized electronically by the application Moodle, using faculty´s iPADs when sitting at a lecture hall

·      the test includes questions from all subjects of the module, the sum of points from each subject is the same

·      topics of the test questions are the same as topics of lectures of the whole module (see syllabus)

·      total number of points from the test: 40 points for each subject, i. e. 40x 5 subjects = 200 points all together (= 100%)

·      to pass the exam you must
a) reach at least 60 % of points from each of the five subjects (i.e. 24 points / subject) and at the same time
b) reach at least 70 % of points from the whole test (140 points)

! you will need your calculator for the test and your ID for log in to CAS

· points accumulated from course tests (see below) during the year are added to the total number of points from the exam test (in every term): 4 courses x 5 points, you can get 1more point in each semester for at least 80% attendance at all seminars in Celluar Basis of Medicine = maximum 22 points

· these points are not added to point counts from individual subjects, but to the total number of points from the whole test

· points from course tests can help you to succeed in the test or improve your result by one mark

· exam marking: 

total number of points

139 and less

140 - 159

160 - 179

180 and more

mark

4

3

2

1


 

Requirements for both the winter and summer semester CREDIT are the same: 

1. completed practicals

2. presented seminar works (= clinical detective stories and seminar papers)

3. credit test

 

WITHOUT FULFILLED CREDIT REQUIREMENTS THE SIGNING TO THE EXAM IS NOT POSSIBLE 

 A list of all credit requirements, including whether or not you have already fulfilled the requirement, is available in the Hodnoceni app (see https://hodnoceni.inis.lf3.cuni.cz/)

 

Credit requirements from BIOCHEMISTRY 

·         successfully completed practicals (= laboratory work: two in the course 1 – spectrophotometry, potentiometry - finished by written test, and one in the course 3 - glycemia): students have to be prepared for the practicals in advance (knowledge of the aim of the experiment and the theory of analytical methods used, including related chemical calculations and theory of that task, passing an entrance test in Moodle, which is part of e-learning), during the laboratory work they process a report on their practical and submit it to the teacher no later than 1 week after the practical

·         late arrival, missing laboratory coat, insufficient preparation for the practicals (even individually) means exclusion from the practical

·         in the case of distance teaching, the above applies, with the exception of own work in the laboratory: it is presented to students by video recording

·         the replacement of unfulfilled practicals takes place in the examination period of the given semester in the same form as the practicals in due time, students register for the substitute term in the application Registration https://inis17.lf3.cuni.cz/prihlasovani/

·         clinical detective stories (CDS 3,4,5,7,8) and the seminar paper in course 4 (essential substances necessary for development): students prepare for their presentation in advance (in case of CDS in working groups at the seminar) and present it at the relevant seminar to other students and the teacher

·         in the case of distance teaching, the above applies, the presentation does not take place in the classroom but online, streamed via MS Teams

·         replacement of unfulfilled CDS and the seminar paper takes place by the end of the 15th week of the given semester after agreement with his / her group teacher individually – if not, there will be one more chance during the examination period of the given semester in the form of one term for all such students together; the substitute form is the same as the performance in due time, students register for the substitute date in the examination period in the application Registration https://inis17.lf3.cuni.cz/prihlasovani/

In case the student fails any substitute term in the examination period, the alternative compensation will be solved individually with the group teacher: this is possible only if the student apologized to his / her teacher in advance from the regular dates and had a relevant reason for absence

 

Credit requirements from GENETICS 

  1. Preparation of a seminar paper on a given topic (selected genetic disease) in the range of 2-3 pages, including the literature used. During contact teaching, the student is obliged to choose a given topic from the list during the first practicals and is subsequently obliged to report the seminar paper at the relevant seminar/in the relevant week according to the schedule
  2. Participation in practical exercises. During practicals, the student submits a protocol on the information found out. During the first practicals, the student is obliged to choose a given topic for the Clinical Detective no.2. 
  3. Participation in 2 clinical detectives, No. 2 (ws) and No. 6 (ss), the student is obliged to present the knowledge and solutions to the given detective tasks to everyone in the group and at the given time according to the schedule
  4. Register and attend all course, summary and exam tests that take place in the Moodle system

 

Compensation in the case of absence: 

  1. During the first course, if the student does not attend the first practical training, he/she is obliged to come to the office with the number 429 or 430 (434) and register for the seminar paper topic and the Clinical Detective topic (until the eighth week, then he/she just fills out the absence form).
  2. If the student does not attend practical training, he/she is obliged to fill out the Absence Form at vuuka.lf3.cuni.cz or here https://forms.office.com/Pages/ResponsePage.aspx?id=2naS4DT5hkC_CIgWogQUolPkLC0z_iNEk29EjvSBZzZUNFBXNjdGWTJUM0tLQlZJUk41REQ0NzA2OS4u. Then he/she will be informed of further information.
  3. During the first course, if the student does not participate in detective story No. 2 (in the 8th week), the student is obliged to come to the office with the number 429 or 430 (434) and register for the topic Clinical detective stories No. 6 and the student is obliged to fill out the Absence form at výuka.lf3.cuni.cz or here:  https://forms.office.com/Pages/ResponsePage.aspx?id=2naS4DT5hkC_CIgWogQUolPkLC0z_iNEk29EjvSBZzZUNFBXNjdGWTJUM0tLQlZJUk41REQ0NzA2OS4u He will be assigned a part of the topic Clinical story No. 2, or the entire Clinical story No. 2 (depending on the number of students), the solution of which he will be obliged to work out. 

Mandatory units:

Winter semester:

Practical I: Introduction to biological methods: Microscope and principles of working with a microscope, compiling a karyotype, methods of clinical cytogenetics

Practical II: DNA analysis, PCR methods, DNA sequencing and gel electrophoresis

Practical III: Cytogenetics Practicum III: Karyotype: Written answers to all questions given in the presentation for the practicum

Practical IV: Practice in Population Genetics: Determination of blood groups, calculation of blood group frequencies in the population

KDP Detective 2: Genealogy – work out answers to questions on clinical cases, draw a family tree for case II and III and calculate all examples given in the presentation

Summer semester:

KDP Detective 6: Diabetes mellitus: work out questions given in the

Teaching application ! Fulfillment of all obligations by the 15th week of classes in each semester!

 

Requirements for Course Credit in HISTOLOGY

a)   Student attendance at at least 80% of the lab sessions

Organization of Lab Sessions

Lab sessions will consist of 45-minute microscopy sessions led by the lecturer.

For each lab session, an instructional video will be available in advance in the Výuka to aid in independent preparation for that session. Students are required to watch the relevant video before the lab session and familiarize themselves with its content. The instructional video does not apply to the first three lab sessions: Microscopic Techniques, Cell Ultrastructure in Electron Micrographs I and II.

Students must arrive at the lab session prepared so that time can be used effectively for microscopy, observing specimens, and consulting with the lecturer.

Attendance

Attendance is recorded electronically by swiping the ISIC card on the reader at the beginning of class. Each student is responsible for verifying that their attendance has been properly recorded.

If a student does not swipe their ISIC card and/or their attendance is not recorded by the system, it will not be possible to retroactively recognize attendance based on an individual request. Any discrepancies regarding attendance must be resolved immediately after the end of the relevant lab session at the latest.

Making Up Lab Sessions:

- If a student is absent from a lab session, the absence may be made up by attending a lab session with a different group, provided a valid excuse has been submitted and prior arrangements have been made with the course lecturer

- If you have attended 70–80% of the practical sessions, you may make up a missed session by taking an oral exam on the specific practice you missed.

- If you have attended 60–70% of the practical sessions, you may make up missed sessions by taking oral exams on the specific practices you missed. Students are required to provide proof of the reason for their absence (e.g., a doctor’s note).

- Attendance below 60% cannot be made up by taking an exam on the relevant practices.

b) Passing the slide test - the student will have the option of one regular attempt and 3 resit attempts. If a student fails to turn up for an exam, that specific attempt will expire (i.e., as if s/he was actually sitting the exam but failed), unless the student informs the examiner that s/he cannot make it before the exam. You may withdraw from a session no later than 48 hours in advance; registration is possible no later than 24 hours in advance.

  Winter Semester

The slide test takes place during the exam period on the scheduled dates. The third resit term will the student be able to take in the SUMMER EXAMINATION PERIOD.

Summer Semester

The slide test takes place during the exam period on the scheduled dates. You will receive more detailed information about the dates and procedure for the slide test at the beginning of the winter/summer semester.

c) CDP 9 – will be conducted in the form of assignments to be completed in groups during the relevant lab session (applies only to the summer semester).

d) Completion and submission of the workbook for both the winter and summer semesters

  

Credit requirements from MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

 

·         clinical detective story CDS 1: based on the entered CDS annotation in the Vyuka database, students will familiarize themselves with the topic in advance, the answers will be finalized during the seminar class using information available on the internet

·         in the case of distance teaching, the above applies, the presentation does not take place in the classroom but online, streamed via MS Teams

·         replacement of unfulfilled CDS 1 takes place after agreement with the teacher individualy by the end of the winter semester

 

1) Requirements for MB practicals are listed below: 

a) Students are required to attend at least 80% of the lab practices and perform appropriately during the lab work.

b) Students are required to pass the written test. The test will be written during the lab practice.

 

Late arrival, as well as no lab coat, means exclusion from the lab practice.

 

2) Students can substitute the absence at lab practices or their part (after a regular apology) by attending the lab practice with another study group. To do that, students need permission from the leader of the lab practice. If no alternative exists on how to realize the lab practice or its part, students will be examined from practices content individually. Students have to inform the practice leader concerning his/her absence in practices in advance. If it is impossible, they have to do it as soon as possible.

3) Students are required to obtain at least 60% of all available test points to pass the test. The test will examine knowledge from lab practices and preceding theoretical lesson(s) that introduce practices. Students that fail the test will have two more attempts. During the exam period of the respective semester, four terms for lab practice test will be announced.

4) In case of distance teaching, students are also required to attend at least 80% of the online lab practices to get the credits. The presence of the students will be controlled at the beginning, as well as during the online lab practices. The online lab practice will contain a video demonstrating the planned lab work as well as an online lab practice test. Students that fail the practice test will have two more attempts. During the exam period of the respective semester, four terms for lab practice test will be announced.

 

Credit requirements from IMMUNOLOGY 

  • only credit tests of the module Cellular basis of medicine

 

SUMMARY of requirements for fulfilment of credit conditions and rules for their substitution in the whole module Cellular basis of medicine


1) practicals
: active participation and knowledge are assessed, a laboratory coat is required

  • biochemical practicals - entrance test in Moodle, processing of given tasks, laboratory reports, final written test
  • histological slides - worked-out workbook, test on slides
  • molecular biology practicals - processing of given tasks, written test
  • cytogenetics practicals - processing of given tasks

rules for substitution of practicals:

  • there are compensatory dates of practicals; written elaboration of missing task and testing is possible only in case of proved relevant reasons of absence (e.g. illness)

 

2) seminar papers: each paper content and oral presentation are assessed

  • clinical detective stories 1 - 9 - preparation in advance, active participation at seminars (= presentation and discussion)
  • seminar paper on inherited disorder (once in the academic year) - presentation at a seminar from genetics
  • seminar presentation on substances essential for development (once in the summer semester, course 4) - presentation at a seminar from biochemistry 

rules for substitution of seminar papers:

  • according to the individual requirements for each subject, see above

 

3) semestral credit tests: performance in the tests is assessed

  • each semestral test is divided into two course tests, which take place in a lecture hall using faculty´s iPADs in the application Moodle after each course during both semesters (i.e. 2 tests in the winter and 2 tests in the summer semester), you need to obtain at least 6 from 10 points each semester, the points are added to your exam result
  • if you do not perform adequately in the course tests you have to take the combined test from both courses of the semester at once (i.e. winter combined test and/or summer combined test), the points are NOT added to your exam results
  • you must be sign up in the SIS for the combined tests, which take place in a lecture hall using faculty´s iPADs (via Moodle) 

rules for substitution of tests:

  • there are three dates of combined tests (the winter combined test can be taken 2x in February and 1x in June; the summer combined test can be taken 2x in June and 1x in September
  • you must be sign up in the SIS for the combined tests 

CAUTION: the combined tests in June (winter test and the first summer test) are held after the first exam (= pre-term) date

 

For more information about individual teaching units see application Vyuka  (http://vyuka.lf3.cuni.cz/)

You can practice topics you know from lectures, seminars and practices of Cellular Basis of Medicine in the Moodle: Cellular Basis of Medicine 2026/27 | DL 3 (cuni.cz)
These tasks are voluntary, they are not among the requirements for obtaining credit. But it will definitely come in handy if you try out the types of questions that may appear in your tests.

In case of questions regarding the module use cell@lf3.cuni.cz

Last update: Fauknerová Matějčková Jana, RNDr., Ph.D. (25.09.2026)
Syllabus -

Detailed information about lectures, seminars and practicals are available at http://vyuka.lf3.cuni.cz/

Courses of the winter semester                                                                                                                                                

  • Course 1  -  Cell structure and heredity
  • Course 2  -  Cell metabolism and specialisation                                                                                                                                                                 

Courses of the summer semester                                                                                                                                                 

  • Course 3 - Cell signalling and immunity                                                                 
  • Course 4 - Cell cycle and development             

 

The following list of lectures sumarizes topics from which test questions are randomly generated (see Requirements for the exam):

Course 1 - Cell structure and heredity

  • History of Life on Earth
  • Structure of prokaryotic cell
  • Genetics of prokaryotes
  • Structure of eukaryotic cell, organelles
  • Composition of intracellular fluid, pH
  • Laboratory analytical methods in biochemistry
  • Basic building blocks of cells
  • Structure and properties of proteins
  • Protein functions
  • Cytoskeleton
  • Overview of tissues
  • Epithelial tissues I (classification)
  • Structure of nucleic acids
  • Genetic code, genes, genome
  • Structure and function of cell nucleus, chromatin
  • Chromosomal basis of heredity
  • Origin of genetic variability
  • Principles of heredity, Mendelian principles
  • Variability and changes of genetic information, mutations I
  • Variability and changes of genetic information, mutations II
  • Monogenic traits and disorders
  • Gene interactions
  • Multifactorial, polygenic traits and disorders
  • Genetics of human
  • Gene linkage
  • Cytogenetics I – numerical chromosomal abnormalities
  • Cytogenetics II – structural chromosomal aberrations
  • Epigenetics of human
  • Differences from Mendelian heredity – imprinting, dynamic mutations
  • Phenotypes, genotypes, poplation genetics
  • Methods of chromosomal study, postnatal and prenatal cytogenetic diagnosis
  • Structure and function of membranes
  • Transport across membranes, membrane potential
  • Intracellular transport of substances
  • Extracellular matrix, cell adhesion and cell junctions
  • Genetics in medicine, genetic counselling, prevention and treatment of genetic disorders
  • Special methods of histology to distinguish tissues and cells
  • Methods of protein analysis I
  • Case interpretation: Leukemia

 

Course 2 - Cell metabolism and specialisation

  • Beyond Basics: Exploring the logic of Metabolism
  • What fuels our cells?
  • Enzymes and reaction kinetics
  • Chemical reactions and enzyme cofactors I
  • Chemical reactions and enzyme cofactors II
  • Epithelial tissues II (glandular epithelium)
  • Structure and origin of mitochondria
  • Electron transport chain and ATP formation
  • Krebs cycle
  • Epithelial tissues III (barriers, transport)
  • Energy from saccharides
  • Gluconeogenesis and other saccharides
  • Energy from lipids
  • Interconnection of saccharide metaboism, lipid metabolism adn the Krebs cycle
  • Energy storage in cells
  • Muscle tissue
  • Cell motility and molecular motors
  • Metabolism of amino acids I.
  • Metabolism of amino acids II.
  • interconnection and regulation of metabolic pathways
  • Metabolism of muscle cells, muscle contraction
  • Blood -morphology of blood elements
  • Hemopoesis
  • Metabolism of erythrocytes, structure and function of hemoglobin
  • Iron and heme metabolism
  • Hemostasis
  • Cholesterol and lipoprotein metabolism
  • Connective tissue
  • Metabolism of connective tissue
  • Cartilage, bone and ossification
  • Newborn screening
  • Enzymopathy - inherited metabolic disorders
  • Components of blood plasma and their functions
  • Extreme situations in cells

 

Course 3 - Cell signalling and immunity

  • Extracellular signalling
  • Extracellular signalling molecules
  • Cells producing signalling molecules
  • Endocrine signalling and its disorders
  • Metabolism of hormones derived from amino acids
  • Metabolism of steroid hormones
  • Signal transfer into cell, membrane receptors
  • Intracellular signalling and signal execution
  • Signalling pathways I
  • Signalling pathways II
  • Signalling pathways III
  • Epigenetic signaling 
  • Endocrine signalization and its disorders
  • Nervous tissue, structure of synapse
  • Nutrients as signalling molecules
  • Transmission of the information in the NS - the synapse, action potential
  • Synthesis and degradation of neurotransmitters
  • Neurotransmitters and their receptors
  • Receptors in pharmacology
  • Pharmacology of signalling molecules
  • Function of immune system, natural and adaptive immunity
  • Cells of nonspecific immunity, phagocytosis
  • Leukocytes - surface molecules, cytokines, antibodies
  • Complement system and inflammation
  • Eicosanoids and the pharmacology of inflammation
  • MHC molecules, antigens
  • Tissues and organs of the immune system
  • B and T cells Development
  • Immune reactions based on T cells and NK cells
  • Immune reactions based on B cells and antibodies
  • Methods of protein analysis II
  • Immunogenetics
  • Heritable disorders of immunity
  • Methods for testing immune response
  • Clinical case: Systemic autoimnune response

 

Course 4 - Cell cycle and development

  • DNA replication and reparation
  • Transcription and translation
  • Metabolism of nucleotides
  • Regulation of gene expression
  • Cell Cycle
  • Methods of DNA analysis I
  • Regulation of cell cycle
  • Methods of DNA analysis II
  • Gametogenesis and fertilization
  • Cell differentiation and senescence
  • Apoptosis
  • Regulation of apoptosis
  • Blastogenesis, implantation, placenta
  • Notogenesis, neurulation
  • Embryonal development
  • Regulation of early development
  • Genetic determinantion of the sex
  • Human reproductive genetics, preimplantation diagnosis
  • Developmental toxicology, pharmacotherapy during pregnancy
  • Renewal and repair
  • Stem cells, organ substitution
  • Biochemistry of ageing (ROS, glacation)
  • General toxicology
  • Biotransformation of xenobiotics
  • Personalized medicine
  • Structure of viruses
  • Interactions of viruses with cell
  • Oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes
  • Mutagenes and carcinogenes in environment
  • Cellular transformation and tumor cells
  • Chromosomes and tumors
  • Principles of cancer therapy
  • Oncogenetics, precancerous conditions and familial tumors
  • Biotechnology, gene manipulations, gene therapy
  • CRIPR technology
  • Molecular and genetic mechanisms of evolution
  • Human evolution
  • Clinical cae: is pollution mutagen or teratogen?
Last update: Zoubková Hana, RNDr., Ph.D. (16.04.2026)
Course registration requirements -

Biology and chemistry knowledge on the secondary school level.

Last update: Samcová Eva, prof. RNDr., CSc. (08.12.2011)
 
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