|
|
|
||
|
Poslední úprava: LIPAVSKA (16.04.2007)
The lecture offers basic knowledge on the water uptake, transport and transpiration. The physical basis of the water absorption by roots, water transport on the cell level, water transport in xylem, and water vapour efflux by leaves are explained. Main attention is paid to mechanisms of regulation of individual processes. The ecophysiological aspects of plant water relationship are also considered. In the practical training measurements of individual components of plant water potential, as well as methods for the determination of water uptake, transpiration and stomatal conductance will be trained. |
|
||
|
Poslední úprava: LIPAVSKA (16.04.2007)
1. Nobel, P.S.: Physicochemical and Environmental Plant Physiology. - Academic Press, San Diego 1999. 2. Lerner, H.R. (ed.): Plant Responses to Environmental Stresses. - Marcel Dekker, New York - Basel 1999. 3. Larcher, W.: Physiological Plant Ecology. Ecophysiology and Stress Physiology of Functional Groups.4th Edition. - Spriger, Berlin - Heidelberg - New York 2003. 4. Selected current articles from scientific journals. 5. Huang, B.: Plant-Environment Interactions. - Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton - London - New York 2006.
|
|
||
|
Poslední úprava: POSPISI6/NATUR.CUNI.CZ (04.11.2011)
oral examination |
|
||
|
Poslední úprava: LIPAVSKA (16.04.2007)
1.Water in nature: its importance and water cycle. Physical properties of water which are important for plant water relations (hydrogen bonds, chemical potential of water, cohesion, adhesion). 2. Water in plants, relative water content, water potential and its components (osmotic, pressure, matric, and gravitational potentials) and their role on the cellular and whole plant level. 3. Water and solute transport on the cellular level, permeability, reflection coefficient, aquaporins. 4. Water uptake by the roots, radial water transport through apoplast and symplast, longitudinal transport, root pressure, guttation. Liquid water uptake by the shoot. 5. Water transport in the xylem, the cohesion theory, occurrence of xylem embolism and refilling the embolized vessels. 6. Transpiration as a diffusion of water vapour. Water vapour transport through the boundary layer of the air, cuticle, stomata and intercellular spaces. 7. The importance of stomatal and cuticular transpiration. Energetic balance of the leaf. 8. Structure and ultrastructure of the stomata, mechanisms of the opening and closing of stomata. 9. The effects of both external and internal factors on stomata opening. Simultaneous action of more than one factor. Feedback loops. Acclimation to growth conditions. 10. Regulation of the transpiration and photosynthetic rates by stomatal conductance, water use efficiency. 11. The development of water deficit and its influence on basic physiological processes. Stomatal and non-stomatal limitation to photosynthesis. 12. Stress proteins, drought resistance of plants, plant resistance to salinity.
|