Pathological Physiology I - FGP028

• Title: Pathological Physiology I
• Guaranteed by: Department of Pathological Physiology (15-330)
• Faculty: Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové
• Actual: from 2025
• Semester: winter
• Points: 0
• E-Credits: 6
• Examination process: winter s.:
• Hours per week, examination: winter s.:42/36, C [HS]
• Capacity: unlimited
• Min. number of students: unlimited
• 4EU+: no
• Virtual mobility / capacity: no
• State of the course: taught
• Language: English
• Teaching methods: full-time
• Guarantor: prof. MUDr. Zuzana Kubová, CSc.
• Pre-requisite : {General Medicine 1st year}, FGP012, FGP014, FGP016
• Incompatibility : FV10023
• Interchangeability : FA0106040
• Is co-requisite for: FGP029
• In complex pre-requisite: FGP064, FGP065, FGP066, FGP067, FGP068, FGP069, FGP070, FGP071, FGP072, FGP073, FGP074, FGP075, FGP076, FGP077, FGP078, FGP079, FGP080, FGP081, FGP082, FGP083, FG10050, FG10051, FG10052, FG10054, FG10055, FG10056, FG10057, FG10058, FG10059, FG10060, FG10061, FG10062, FG10063, FG10064, FG10065, FG10066, FG10067, FG10068, FG10076, FG10077, FG10078, FG10079, FG10080, FG10081, FG10092, FG10093, FG10094, FG10095, FG10097

Annotation

Pathological physiology is a preclinical subject that deals with etiology (causes) and pathogenesis (development) of body dysfunctions. It aims to understanding of mechanisms that can influence the origin and course of diseases, which is necessary for correct causal and individualized treatment. In the first term students are taught general principles of diseases and their effect on organism. A part of the study is devoted to states that accompany the specific diseases e.g. effects of inflammation, hypoxia, and internal environment disorders. Further students gain a comprehensive overview of etiology and pathogenesis of blood, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Practical part of the study is oriented mainly to acquiring knowledge of registration and description of ECG. During practical classes, students also obtain knowledge of the basic principles of immunological pathologies and mechanisms of pain development.

Last update: Kořínková Lenka (04.09.2025)

Aim of the course

1.               explain the general principles and consequences of impaired body functions

2.               describe the pathophysiology of cardiac, pulmonary, and blood diseases

3.               describe the basic parameters of the ECG curve, distinguish physiological from pathological findings, and diagnose the most common pathological changes

4.               explain the basic principles of immunological pathologies and the mechanisms of pain development

Last update: Kořínková Lenka (04.09.2025)

Literature

Compulsory literature

1. Kuba, M., Kubová, Z.  Pathophysiology - Basic overview for medical students (revised (only electronic) version)

Last update: Kořínková Lenka (03.09.2025)

Requirements to the exam

Credit:

a) presence in practical classes/seminars

-         mandatory 100% participation, tolerance of a maximum of one excused absence

-         in case of more than one absence it is necessary to replace the seminar/practical class (the way of a replacement is determined by the teacher of the particular seminar/practical class, usually it is oral examination of the issue)

 

b) tests

description of four ECG curves when each must be evaluated with the worst grade 3 (in the range 1(excellent) – 4 (fail))

passing all the ongoing tests with the worst grade 3

-         in case of non-participation, an apology before the time of the test is required and the test must be taken on an alternative date

-         student is allowed to one excuse during the whole year

-         non-excused absence is evaluated wit grade 4

 

Possibility of consultations after previous agreement with teachers of Department of Pathological Physiology

When retaking the Pathological Physiology I course, it is necessary to complete the entire course with all its requirements.

Last update: Kořínková Lenka (03.09.2025)

Syllabus

Lectures

Lecturers

• prof. MUDr. Miroslav Kuba, DSc.
• prof. MUDr. Zuzana Kubová, CSc. 
• MUDr. Marie Chutná

1. Organism and Environment, Adaptation. Etiology and Pathogenesis. Health Versus Disease. Clinical and Biological /Somatic/Death. (Kuba)
2. Alterations in Fluid Volume. Disorders of Osmolarity, Etiology and Pathogenesis of Oedema. Hyponatremia, Hypernatremia. (Kubová)
3. Hypokalemia, Hyperkalemia. Acidosis. Alkalosis. (Kubová)
4. Stress, General Adaptation Syndrome, Psychosomatic Diseases. (Kuba)
5. Disorders of Calcium and Phosphorus Metabolism, Magnesium Imbalances. Osteoporosis, Osteomalacia, Renal Osteodystrophy. Pathophysiology of Cramps. (Kuba) TEST No. 1 - homeostasis disorders (No. 14 -19, Kubová).
6. Dyslipoproteinemia. Endothelial Dysfunction. Effects of Nitric oxide. Arteriosclerosis. (Kubová) RETAKE TEST  No. 1.
7. Arterial Hypertension - Etiology and Pathogenesis. Arterial Hypotension. (Chutná)
8. Ischemic Heart Disease. Myocardial Infarction and its Complications. Acquired Valvular Heart Disease. Congenital Heart Defects. (Kuba)
9. Heart Failure - Etiology and Pathogenesis. Compensatory Mechanisms in Heart Diseases. (Kuba)
10. Blood Transfusion, Complications, Erythroblastosis Fetalis. Abnormalities of Haemostasias and Coagulation. (Kuba)TEST No. 2 - pathophysiology of the cardiovascular system. (No. 42 - 47, Kuba).
11. Disorders of Peripheral Circulation. Syncope. Circulatory Shock. Thrombophilic states. DIC. (Kubová) RETAKE TEST No. 2.
12. Pulmonary Circulation, Ventilation/Perfusion Ratio. Gas Diffusion Disorders. Obstructive Respiratory Diseases. Restrictive Pulmonary Diseases. (Kubová) TEST No. 3 - haemostasis disorders (No. 27 - 28, Kuba).
13. Pulmonary Hypertension, Pulmonary Oedema. ARDS. Respiratory Failure. Hypoxia. Hyperoxia, Hyperbaria, Decompression. (Kubová)  RETAKE TEST No. 3.
14. Neoplasia, Neoplasm-Host Interaction (Effects). (Kuba)

 

Practical classes and seminars

Teachers

• prof. MUDr. Miroslav Kuba, DSc.
• prof. MUDr. Zuzana Kubová, CSc.
• MUDr. Jana Langrová, Ph.D.
• MUDr. Jana Szanyi, Ph.D.
• MUDr. Marie Chutná
• MUDr. Lenka Miščík Ramešová

 Seminars

1. Inflammation. SIRS. Sepsis. Fever. Hyperthermia. Hypothermia and reaction of organism to cold.  
2. Hypersensitivity reactions. Allergies. Autoimmune disorders. Post-transplantation responses. Immunodeficiencies.
3. Pathophysiology of Pain.

 Practical courses

1. ECG I – description (first part).
2. ECG II – description (second part).
3. ECG III – practice.
4. ECG IV – ECG TEST No. 1
5. ECG V – interpretation of pathological findings (first part).
6. ECG VI – interpretation of pathological findings (second part).
7. ECG VII – interpretation of pathological findings (third part).
8. ECG VIII – practice.
9. ECG IX – ECG TEST No. 2

Last update: Langrová Jana, MUDr., Ph.D. (12.09.2025)

Entry requirements

prerequisites – compulsory subjects of 1^st year GM, Biology II, Biochemistry II, Physiology II.  

Last update: Kořínková Lenka (03.09.2025)