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Annotation:
Pathological anatomy is part of basic study subjects. It introduces students to the nature of human diseases, the causes of diseases (etiology), the mechanisms of their development (pathogenesis) and the changes in cells, tissues and organs caused by the disease (morphology of diseases).
Diseases of organ systems: blood vessels; heart; blood and lymphatic system; respiratory system; kidneys and urinary tract; gastrointestinal tract; liver and biliary tract; pancreas; male genital; female genital and breast; endocrine system; musculoskeletal system; nervous system; skin.
Last update: Žáková Michaela, Bc. (20.01.2026)
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The aim of the course: The aim of teaching pathology in the 3rd year of the Master's degree in General Medicine is to familiarize students with the nature of all human diseases - their causes, mechanisms of their development and the development of complications. The tools for this are lectures and practical classes (microscopic and dissection) and seminars (molecular pathology, case reports). Last update: Žáková Michaela, Bc. (20.01.2026)
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Compulsory literature: 1. Kumar V, Abbas AK, Aster JC: Robbins Basic Pathology. 11th ed., Elsevier, 2022. ISBN 978-0-323-79018-5. Last update: Žáková Michaela, Bc. (20.01.2026)
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Conditions for granting pathology credit in summer term: Credit examination takes place on the last two pathology practical classes, in the period from 18 to 29 May 2026. The basic condition for granting the credit is participation in practical classes (one absence is accepted; each absence must be announced before the beginning of the class by e-mail to the teacher) and passing all e-tests during the practicals. More than one absence must be replaced in a way agreed with the assistant teacher. Credit is tested by a written test and subsequent oral examination. The test has 50 questions, the threshold is 80 % correct answers. ≥ 80 % → oral examination → credit < 80 % → credit not awarded → 2nd attempt - oral examination → credit Oral part is based on the diagnosis of one to two microscopic slides and verification of knowledge of the relevant theory.
Conditions for granting pathology exam in summer term: Examination period: June 1 - September 15, 2026 The exam consists of a written (on-line) test and a subsequent oral part with 3 questions from general and special pathology. To successfully pass the exam, the student must obtain at least 80 % of the points from the test, in case of failing the test, the exam is terminated and classified as "failed". Additional exam attempts are already examined orally only (the test is not repeated). The student can take the exam only after obtaining the credit for both semesters (the results must be registered in the SIS). The student registers for the exam via SIS. Students will receive information about the exam dates and detailed instructions during the lecture and in the SIS not later than one month before the beginning of the exam period.
Repeating the course: When repeating the course Pathological Anatomy II, it is mandatory to complete the entire summer semester course. Last update: Žáková Michaela, Bc. (20.01.2026)
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Sylabus: Lectures Lecturers • Helena Hornychová, MD, PhD • Kateřina Kamarádová, MD, PhD • Petra Kašparová, MD, PhD • Aleš Kohout, MD, PhD • Lukáš Krbal, MD, PhD • Prof. Jan Laco, MD, PhD • Miroslav Podhola, MD, PhD • Prof. Aleš Ryška, MD, PhD • Václav Stejskal, MD, PhD • Hana Vošmiková, RNDr. Diseases of Organ Systems 1. Cardiovascular system (dr. Stejskal, 6 hours) 2. Diseases of the endocrine system (prof. Ryška, 6 hours 3. The hematopoietic and lymphoid systems (dr. Kašparová, 9 hours) 4. The gastrointestinal tract. liver. pancreas (dr. Kamarádová, 9 hours) 5. The kidney and its collecting system (dr. Podhola, 9 hours) 6. The skin (dr. Krbal, 3 hours) 7. The female genigal system (prof. Laco, 3 hours) 8. The male genital system (dr. Podhola, 3 hours) 9. The female genital system (prof. Laco, 3 hours) 10. Breast (prof. Ryška, 3 hours) 11. The nervous system (dr. Kašparová, 6 hours) 12. The respiratory system (dr. Hornychová, 9 hours) 13. Head and neck (prof. Laco, 3 hours) 14. The musculoskeletal system (dr. Kohout, 4,5 hours) 15. Molecular pathology (dr. Vošmiková, 1,5 hours)
Practical Classes: Lecturers • Miroslav Podhola, MD, PhD - Group 7 (Friday, 1 - 3 hours) • Václav Stejskal, MD, PhD - Group 8 (Monday, 1 - 3 hours) • Tomáš Rozkoš, MD, PhD - Group 9 (Tuesday, 1 - 3 hours)
Practical Classes Cardiovascular system: Atherosclerosis and coronary artery thrombosis with MI (No. 100); Vasculitis (PAN, GPA, MPA) (No. 101); Viral myocarditis (No. 102); Infective endocarditis (No. 103); Aortic dissection (No. 104); Cerebral aneurysm (No. V2); Cerebral aneurysm (Elastic fiber stain) (No. V2B). Pathology of the endocrine system, head and neck, and skin: Nodular goiter (No. 190); Papillocarcinoma of the thyroid gland (No. 191); Non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx (No. 192); Non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx (p16) (No. S192); Psoriasis (No. V15); Seborrhoeic verruca (No. 193); Basal cell carcinoma (No. 194); Malignant melanoma (No. 195). Hematology: Hodgkin's lymphoma (No. 110); DLBCL (No. 111); SLL/CLL (No. 112); Plasmacytoma (vertebra) (No. 113); CML (bone marrow) (No. V3); TBC lymphadenitis (No. 114); Cat scratch disease (No. 115). GIT diseases: Ulcerophlegmonous appendicitis (No. 130); Chronic peptic ulcer of the stomach (No. 131); Crohn's disease (small intestine) (No. 132); Celiac disease (No. V6); Celiac disease (CD3) (No. V6B); IgG4-related disease of the pancreas or biliary tract (No. V7); IgG4-related disease of the pancreas or biliary tract (IgG4) (No. V7B); Chronic gastritis (No. V8); Chronic gastritis (HP) (No. V8B). GIT tumors, liver diseases, male reproductive: Poorly-cohesive (diffuse) gastric carcinoma (No. 140); GIST (No. 141); Intestinal NET (No. 142); Intestinal HGNEC (No. V9); Liver cirrhosis (No. 143); Chronic hepatitis (punch biopsy) (No. V10); Chronic hepatitis - punch biopsy (Blue trichrome stain) (No. V10B); Seminoma of the testis (No. 144); Acinar adenocarcinoma of the prostate (No. 145). Diseases of the urothelial system: Diabetic glomerulosclerosis – nodular (No. 150); Acute glomerulonephritis (Chloro) (No. 151); Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (No. 152); Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (Jones) (No. S152); Chronic glomerulonephritis (end stage kidney) (No. 153); Acute tubular necrosis of the kidney – ischemic (No. 154); Renal clear cell carcinoma (No. 155); Urothelial papillocarcinoma of the bladder (No. 156). Diseases of the female genital tract. Pathology of pregnancy: Tubal pregnancy (No. 160); Mola hydatidosa (No. V12); Amniotic aspiration (No. 161); Mature ovarian teratoma - dermoid cyst (No. 162); Choriocarcinoma (No. 163); HG serous ovarian carcinoma (with meta into omentum) (No. 164); Squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix (No. 165). Breast disease. Cytological examination: Fibrocystic changes of the brest (No. 170); Breast fibroadenoma (No. 171); Breast carcinoma (No. 12); Cytology - Pap smear (No. V13A); Cytology - hyperplastic thyroid nodule (No. V13B); Cytology - pancreatic carcinoma (No. V13C); Cytology - malignant effusion (No. V13D); cytology - malignant effusion (MOC) (No. V13E); Cytology - malignant effusion (TTF1) (No. V13F). CNS pathology: Purulent meningitis (No. 180); Multiple sclerosis (No. 181); Multiple sclerosis (Luxol blue) (No. S181); Meningioma (No. 182); Neurinoma (No. 183); Glioblastoma multiforme (No. 184); Poliomyelitis (tick-borne encephalitis) (No. V14). Lung disease: COPD (No. 120); Bronchopneumonia (No. 121); Lobar pneumonia (No. V4); DAD - acute phase (No. 122); Organizing pneumonia (No. 123); Lung adenocarcinoma (No. 124); Small cell lung carcinoma (No. V5). Modern methods used in pathology. What does routine work in pathology department involve? Revision seminar. Credit examination and practical part of final exam. Last update: Žáková Michaela, Bc. (20.01.2026)
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Entry requirements: Biology II, Physiology II Last update: Žáková Michaela, Bc. (20.01.2026)
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