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Kurs Bioorganické chemie pokrývá mezioborovou oblast na pomezí organické chemie a biochemie a biologie. Kombinuje a porovnává molekulární principy struktury a funkce biomolekul, molekulární principy biologických a biochemických procesů (biochemie pohledem organických reakčních mechanismů), chemické syntézy a biosyntézy biomolekul a biomakromolekul, využití biochemických či biologických prostředků v organické chemii (biokatalýza), využití chemických prostředků ke studiu a ovlivňování biologických procesů (chemická biologie), konstrukce umělých bioanalogických systémů (syntetická biologie) a v neposlední řadě syntézy konjugátů biomolekul.
Poslední úprava: Hocek Michal, prof. Ing., CSc., DSc. (19.08.2024)
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Studenti obdrží všechny presentace přednášek v elektronické formě.
Další doplňková doporučená literatura:
Berg, J. M.; Tymoczko, J. L.; Stryer, L.: Biochemistry, 5th Edition, W. H. Freeman, New York, 2002. McMurry, J.; Begley, T.: The Organic Chemistry of Biological Pathways, Roberts & Company Publishers, Greenwood Village, 2005. Blackburn, G. M.; gait, M. J.; Loakes, D.: Nucleic Acids in Chemistry and Biology, 3rd Edition, RSC Publishing, Cambridge, 2006. Poslední úprava: Hocek Michal, prof. Ing., CSc., DSc. (04.05.2012)
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Zkouška je písemná Poslední úprava: Hocek Michal, prof. Ing., CSc., DSc. (19.08.2024)
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1. Introduction: basic types and principles of molecular interactions in chemistry and biology, brief introduction to cell biology. 2. Structure and function of nucleic acids: structure of DNA, RNA, genetic information, other functions of RNA, triplexes and quadruplexes, complexes of nucleic acids with proteins, bonds and interactions of small molecules, DNA damage. 3. Biosynthesis and metabolism of nucleic acids and their components: biosynthesis of DNA (replication) and RNA (transcription) and their subsequent modification and catabolism; biosynthesis and catabolism of nucleobases, nucleosides and nucleotides. 4. Chemical and enzymatic synthesis of nucleic acids and their components: synthesis and modification of nucleobases, nucleosides and nucleotides, chemical synthesis of oligonucleotides on solid phase, biocatalytic synthesis and construction of oligonucleotides and nucleic acids (primer extension, PCR). 5. Structure and function of proteins: protein structures (primary-quaternary), conformation, conjugates (glyco-, phospho-, metalloproteins, etc.), isolation and analysis of proteins, structure and function of peptides. 6. Biosynthesis and metabolism of proteins: biosynthesis and metabolism of amino acids, biosynthesis of proteins (translation), post-translational modifications, cleavage and catabolism of proteins, regulation of gene expression. 7. Chemical and biotechnological synthesis of peptides and proteins: chemical synthesis of peptides in solution and on solid phase, protecting and activating groups, combination of chemical and enzymatic methods, recombinant method, peptidomimetics, combinatorial approaches, native ligation, principles and basic reactions for bioconjugations, principles of bioorthogonal chemistry and chemical biology. 8. Enzymes and mechanisms of enzymatic reactions: enzymes, cofactors, mechanisms and regulation of enzymatic reactions, thermodynamics and kinetics of enzymatic reactions, inhibition. 9. Biocatalytic and biotechnological methodologies in organic synthesis: use of enzymes, catalytic antibodies and whole microorganisms and cell cultures in organic synthesis. 10. Carbohydrates: structure and function of sugars and oligosaccharides, metabolism and basic principles of chemical synthesis of oligosaccharides and glycosides, carbohydrate code, synthetic vaccines. 11. Membranes and regulatory processes: structure and function of biomembranes, transport of ions and molecules through membranes, regulatory processes - hormones, receptors and signaling pathways. 12. Biosynthesis and metabolism of other classes of natural substances: metabolism of lipids, terpenoids, alkaloids, polyketides, etc., biomimetic total synthesis of natural substances. Poslední úprava: Hocek Michal, prof. Ing., CSc., DSc. (19.08.2024)
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The student will be able to: 1. describe and explain the structure, properties and biological roles of DNA and RNA, the Watson-Crick base-pairing, alternative modes of nucleobase interactions and alternative secondary structures of nucleic acids 2. describe and explain the main types of DNA damage and repair mechanisms 3. describe and explain the principles of the DNA sequencing (Sanger, NGS, Nanopore) 4. describe and draw (in structural formulas) the biosynthesis and catabolism of nucleotides 5. explain and describe replication of DNA and transcription of DNA to RNA 6. describe and draw (in structural formulas) chemical synthesis of pyrimidine and purine nucleosides 7. describe and draw (in structural formulas) chemical synthesis of nucleotides (nucleoside mono-, di- and triphosphates) 8. describe and draw (in structural formulas) solid-phase chemical synthesis of oligonucleotides using phosphoramidite method 9. describe and understand the structure and properties of peptides and proteins 10. describe and explain the roles of the main posttranslational modifications of peptides and proteins 11. explain and describe the biosynthesis of proteins (translation) 12. describe and draw (in structural formulas) solid-phase chemical synthesis of peptides using Boc- and Fmoc-method 13. describe and draw (in structural formulas) the most important chemical reactions for bioconjugations (CuAAC, SPAAC, iEDDA, native chemical ligation etc.) 14. describe and explain main principles of catalysis by enzymes and mechanisms of selected enzymatic reactions 15. describe and explain main types of enzymes and enzymatic reactions used in organic synthesis and production of organic compounds 16. describe and explain the structure and roles of oligosaccharides and glycans and principles of their biosynthesis and catabolism 17. describe and draw (in structural formulas and reaction mechanisms) metabolism of carbohydrates (glycolysis and the Krebs cycle) 18. describe and draw (in structural formulas) main types of glycosylation reactions and synthesis of glycosides and oligosaccharides 19. describe and explain the structure and properties of biological membranes and transport of compounds across the membranes 20. describe and explain the principles of metabolism of lipids Poslední úprava: Hocek Michal, prof. Ing., CSc., DSc. (19.08.2024)
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Předmět předpokládá předchozí absolvování základních (bakalářských) kurzů Organické chemie a Biochemie a ukončení bakalářského studia. Je otevřen studentům magisterského a doktorského studia. Poslední úprava: Hocek Michal, prof. Ing., CSc., DSc. (19.08.2024)
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