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Hlavním cílem kurzu je seznámit studenty s teoretickými a praktickými základy badatelské práce historika, zlepšit analytické dovednosti během práce s textem a podpořit schopnosti akademického psaní. Teoretická rovina kurzu zahrnuje seznámení se s řadou teoretických metod a postupů historika. Velká pozornost přitom bude věnovaná kritice pramenů. Konkrétně půjde o to, jak máme číst a interpretovat písemní, primární a sekundární prameny (publikované a nepublikované, tiskoviny, literaturu a další). Během kurzu se budou rozebírat možná úskalí historikovy práce, možnost objektivity historika a objektivního přístupu ke studiu dějin, meze výpovědní hodnoty a objektivity pramenů a spolu s tím historického výzkumu, zobecnění a kauzalita historického procesu atd. Praktická rovina kurzu zahrnuje vypracování studenty vlastního výzkumného projektu, který pak lze uplatnit v rámci budoucího diplomového nebo doktorského projektu, grantové přihlášky apod.
Poslední úprava: Marková Alena, Mgr., Ph.D. (04.10.2020)
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Aim of the course: The main aim of the Methodology classes (i.e. Procedures and Methods of Historical Research as well as Methodology of Historical Science) is to get practical knowledge on how to create and formulate the research topic, how to formulate the goals, hypothesis and objectives of the research, and how to find, process, and interpret relevant sources (secondary literature, printed sources, archive sources, etc.). In other words, the main aim of the course is to create a strong and solid methodological frame for the future student’s research, especially within the master thesis, as well as to improve the student's writing and research skills. Besides improving practical academic skills students are expected to answer the following theoretical questions: Is the total reconstruction of a historical event possible? Can the historian be objective? How could we interpret the history? Poslední úprava: Marková Alena, Mgr., Ph.D. (02.10.2020)
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Course completion requirements: Students have to prepare and present assignments and their own research projects. Students are expected to take an active part in discussions during the classes. Students have to attend classes regularly (one unexplained absence is tolerated). Evaluation Method: Grades will be based on active participation in discussions (25%), presentation of a research project and regular study assignments (75%). Poslední úprava: Marková Alena, Mgr., Ph.D. (15.10.2023)
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Structure and teaching methods: lectures, discussions, presentations (projects and assignments). Poslední úprava: Marková Alena, Mgr., Ph.D. (15.10.2023)
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Procedures and Methods of Historical Research (Summer Semester) Poslední úprava: Marková Alena, Mgr., Ph.D. (02.10.2020)
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Syllabus Methodology of Historical Science, winter semester: 1. Introduction into Methodology. 2. A history of histories: transformation of narratives, methods and methodology. 3. Formulation of a research problem/topic and its main requirements. Hypothesis, goals and objectives. Research questions. Time frame. 4. Seminar. Assignment: Choosing the research topic. Students’ presentations and evaluation. Discussion. 5. Master’s thesis and its structure. 6. Formal requirements of academic essays: citations and references, etc. Plagiarism, autoplagiarism, etc. 7. Tertiary sources (dictionary, encyclopedia, etc.). Why do we need tertiary sources? 8. Seminar. Assignment: Tertiary sources processing. Students’ presentations and evaluation. Discussion. 9. Secondary sources (monographs, articles, etc.). Secondary source critique. 10. Scientific literature review: structure, questions and outline. 11. Seminar. Assignment: Secondary sources critique. Students’ presentations and evaluation. Discussion. 12. Conclusions. The final discussion.
During the winter semester (i.e. course Methodology of Historcal Science) students have to prepare the following assignments: 1. Formulation of the research project, its hypothesis, goals and objectives. Choosing the research topic. Students have to formulate and elaborate the topic of the potential research project. The research project which student have to prepare for Methodology should not necessarily be used as the final master thesis (it could be a topic for future academic research, research proposal for applications for a fellowships or scholarships, but it could also be the master thesis etc.). The project has to be related to history or a related (interdisciplinary) field (i.e. historical sociology, historical anthropology etc.). The main aim is to improve students’ ability to create a viable, coherent and well-formulated project proposal with clear objectives, methodological frame, and clear data (and/or sources) collection strategy. The topic’s proposal has to contain research questions, objectives, time and location frame. The main rule for choosing a time frame is the possibility to process the topic properly and adequately within the master thesis. Therefore, it is not recommended to choose a large time and location frame (such as one hundred and more years) to avoid shallowness and the often eclectic character of master theses related to such large time frame. The time frame of the project shouldn't be after 1989 (i.e. the latest time period the project is researching). The main aim of the assignment is to create an original proposal with a high innovative potential. Therefore, students have to avoid possible repetitions and plagiarism (i.e. re-writing and repeating existed research proposals, etc.) 2. Tertiary sources processing. Once the research topic has been formulated students have to process tertiary sources. Students have to select key words from the research project and to find the related entries (or articles) in tertiary sources (i.e. encyclopedias, dictionaries, etc.). Students have to write down related entries (full text or just short version). The entries (articles) in the assignment have to be written in chronological order (from the oldest to the latest). A short analysis of the entries is required. For example, does the same key word have the same definition and description in different sources? What is the difference? What is the reason for different interpretations of the same key word in the different sources? Students have to process at least 5 tertiary sources. The using of e-sources such as Wikipedia and such are not allowed because of anonymous editors and authors, unreliable information, etc. Each assignment must contain exact references, and state all sources (title, page, etc.) and a bibliography. Use footnotes as references. All assignments must meet with standard formal requirements of an academic paper (i.e. name and surname of student, title, pagination, references, list of literature, etc.). Poslední úprava: Marková Alena, Mgr., Ph.D. (15.10.2023)
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Literature: Recommended literature: Carr, E. H., What is History? Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1990. Black, J., MacRaild, D. M., Studying history, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007. Donnelly, M., Norton, C., Doing history, Hoboken: Taylor & amp; Francis, 2012. Elton, G. R., The practice of history, Oxford – Malden - Mass.: Blackwell, 2002. Howell, M. C., Prevenier, W., From Reliable Sources: An Introduction to Historical Methods, Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 2001. Mabbett, I. W., Writing history essays, Basingstoke – Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016. McCulloch, G., Documentary research in education, history, and the social sciences, London - New York: Routledge Falmer, 2004. Munslow, A., Deconstructing history, New York: Routledge, 2006. Renier, G. J., History: its purpose and method, London - New York: Routledge, 2016. Topolski, J., Methodology of History, New York: Springer, 2013. Topolski, J., Narration and explanation: contributions to the methodology of the historical research, Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1990. Social, economic, cultural history, memory studies: Green, A., Cultural history, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008. Landes, D. S., Tilly, Ch., (eds), History as social science, Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1971. Tilly, Ch., As sociology meets history, New York: Academic Press, 1981. Tuma, E. H., Economic history and the social sciences: problems of methodology, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1971. Radstone, S., Memory and methodology, London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2016. Online sources: Munslow, A., The new history [online], London: Routledge, 2014. Access from: http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/natl-ebooks/detail.action?docID=4692552 Munslow, A. (ed.), Experiments in rethinking history [online], New York, NY: Routledge, 2004. Access from: http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/natl-ebooks/detail.action?docID=200221. Recommended literature (in other languages): Cornelißen, Ch. (ed.), Geschichtswissenschaften. Eine Einführung, Frankfurt a. M., 2000. Eibach, J., Lottes, G. (eds.), Kompass der Geschichtswissenschaft: ein Handbuch, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2002. Lorenz, Ch., Konstruktion der Vergangenheit. Eine Einführung in die Geschichtstheorie, Köln: Böhlau, 1997. Topolski, J., Jak się pisze i rozumie historię. Tajemnice narracji historycznej, Poznań: Wydawnictwo Poznańskie, 2008. Topolski, J., Metodologia historii, Warszawa: Państw. Wydaw. Nauk, 1984. Topolski, J., Teoria wiedzy historycznej, Poznaň: Wydawnictwo Poznańskie, 1983. Topolski, J., Wprowadzenie do historii, Poznań: Wydawnictwo Poznańskie, 2009. Poslední úprava: Marková Alena, Mgr., Ph.D. (02.10.2020)
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