Experimental Methods in Chemistry - MC260P147

• Anglický název: Experimental Methods in Chemistry
• Zajišťuje: Katedra fyzikální a makromol. chemie (31-260)
• Fakulta: Přírodovědecká fakulta
• Platnost: od 2025
• Semestr: letní
• E-Kredity: 5
• Způsob provedení zkoušky: letní s.:
• Rozsah, examinace: letní s.:2/2, Z+Zk [HT]
• Počet míst: neomezen
• Minimální obsazenost: neomezen
• 4EU+: ne
• Virtuální mobilita / počet míst pro virtuální mobilitu: ne
• Stav předmětu: vyučován
• Jazyk výuky: angličtina
• Poznámka: povolen pro zápis po webu; při zápisu přednost, je-li ve stud. plánu
• Garant: Mgr. Pavla Eliášová, Ph.D.
• Vyučující: prof. Ing. Jiří Čejka, DrSc.; Mgr. Pavla Eliášová, Ph.D.; doc. Ing. Pavel Jelínek, Ph.D.; doc. RNDr. Květa Kalíková, Ph.D.; Mgr. et Mgr. Martin Kamlar, Ph.D.; Michal Mazur, Ph.D.; prof. RNDr. Tomáš Obšil, Ph.D.; Dr. Dr. rer. nat. Lukáš Palatinus; doc. RNDr. Ondřej Sedláček, Ph.D.; doc. Mariya Shamzhy, Ph.D.; doc. RNDr. Zdeněk Tošner, Ph.D.

Anotace

The course Experimental Methods in Chemistry provides a general introduction to key experimental methods and techniques used in chemistry and materials science. It builds the knowledge base needed to understand what information different methods can deliver, how the measurements are performed, and how to interpret the results. The course covers basic laboratory techniques and separation methods, as well as characterization approaches including spectroscopic, spectrometric, scattering, diffraction, and microscopic methods, with emphasis on their principles and typical applications.

Poslední úprava: Eliášová Pavla, Mgr., Ph.D. (07.01.2026)

Literatura

J. Lynch – Physico-Chemical Analysis of Industrial Catalysts, TECHNIP 2003 J.W. Niemantsverdriet – Spectroscopy in Catalysis, VCH 1993 D.W. Bennett - Understanding Single-Crystal X-Ray Crystallography, Wiley, 2010 C. Giacovazzo - Fundamentals of Crystallography, Oxford University Press, 2011 C.J. Chen - Introduction to Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, Oxford University Press, 2008. B. Voigtlander - Scanning Probe Microscopy: Atomic Force Microscopy and Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, 2015 T.D. Claridge: High-resolution NMR Techniques in Organic Chemistry, Elsevier, 2009 D.C. Apperley, R.K. Harris, P. Hodgkinson: Solid-state NMR, Basic Principles and Practice, MomentumPress, 2012 D.B. Williams, C.B. Carter - Transmission Electron Microscopy - A Textbook for Materials Science, 2009 J.M. Thompson – Infrared Spectroscopy, Taylor and Francis 2018 W.C. Sanders - Atomic Force Microscopy, Fundamental Concepts and Laboratory Investigations, Taylor and Francis 2020

Poslední úprava: Ušelová Kateřina, RNDr., Ph.D. (26.05.2022)

Požadavky ke zkoušce

The oral exam is preceded by a written test, which must be passed with a minimum score of 60%. The final mark is based on the oral examination and the written test result. The oral examination takes place during the examination
period, and students must first obtain the credit for practical exercises. The credit for exercises is awarded based on
an oral presentation on the chosen topic. The presentations take place during the credit week. 

Poslední úprava: Eliášová Pavla, Mgr., Ph.D. (07.01.2026)

Sylabus

The course introduces fundamental experimental methods and techniques used in chemistry and materials science. The main focus is on understanding what information each method can provide, which experimental setups are used, and how to interpret the obtained data. The following topics are covered:

• Introduction: goals of the course; potential of the most important methods; overview of available techniques and approaches; which information we want to obtain and how.
• Definitions of experimental methods and techniques.
• Basic principles of experimental techniques: crystallization, distillation, pH measurement, rectification.
• Spectroscopic methods: introduction to infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), fluorescence spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance (magic angle spinning NMR); basic principles and applications in liquid and solid phase; information obtainable from spectra; experimental arrangements, including in-situ and operando approaches.
• Spectrometric methods: introduction to mass spectrometry.
• Scattering methods: principle of dynamic light scattering for determining particle size and their dynamics in solution; applications in materials science.
• Separation methods: principles and applications of chromatography; introduction to gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, and supercritical fluid chromatography.
• Diffraction methods: basic principles; types of problems that can be addressed; X-ray diffraction, electron crystallography, neutron diffraction; different setups, including synchrotron sources; powder vs. single-crystal techniques.
• Microscopic methods: principles of microscopy; scanning probe microscopy; scanning and transmission electron microscopy; atomic force microscopy; basic imaging mechanisms and examples of electron microscopy applications in materials science.

Poslední úprava: Eliášová Pavla, Mgr., Ph.D. (07.01.2026)

Výsledky učení

Upon successful completion of the course, the student is able to demonstrate the acquired knowledge and skills in the following areas:

General understanding of experimental methods

·         Student explains the role of experimental methods in chemistry and materials science and outlines what information different techniques can provide.

·         Student classifies experimental methods and techniques according to the type of information obtained and the underlying physical principles.

Basic experimental techniques

·         Student describes basic experimental operations such as crystallization, distillation, pH measurement, and rectification, including their typical purposes and limitations.

·         Student chooses an appropriate basic technique for a given simple experimental task and justifies this choice.

Reaction monitoring and characterization approaches

·         Student distinguishes and defines offline, online, in‑situ, ex‑situ, and operando characterization approaches and provides typical examples in chemistry.

·         Student defines the differences between offline, online, in-situ, ex-situ, operando characterization approaches.

·         Student explains the concepts and differences between in‑situ and operando measurements, discusses their advantages and limitations for studying dynamic processes in materials.

Separation methods (chromatography)

·         Student explains the principles of chromatographic separation and compares gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, and supercritical fluid chromatography.

·         Student interprets simple chromatograms (retention times, peak areas or heights) to discuss separation efficiency and qualitative or semi‑quantitative composition.

Spectroscopic methods (FTIR, fluorescence, NMR)

·         Student explains the basic principles of infrared spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and magic‑angle‑spinning NMR and the type of molecular information each method provides.

·         Student interprets simple IR, fluorescence, and NMR spectra at a basic level to identify selected structural features or functional groups.

Spectrometric methods (mass spectrometry)

·           Student describes the principle and main components of a mass spectrometer and distinguishes between basic types of ionization and analysers introduced in the course.

·         Student interprets simple mass spectra to determine molecular mass and to suggest plausible fragment ions.

Scattering methods (dynamic light scattering)

·         Student explains the principle of dynamic light scattering for determining particle size and dynamics in solution and

·         Student interprets basic DLS output (size distribution, polydispersity) in the context of nanoparticle or colloidal systems in materials science.

Diffraction methods (X-ray, electron, neutron diffraction)

·         Student describes the basic principle of diffraction and formulates Bragg’s law, including its geometrical meaning.

·         Student explains the specific features of X‑ray, electron, and neutron diffraction and relates them to the type of structural information they provide.

·         Student compares typical applications of X‑ray, electron, and neutron diffraction and discusses their main detection limits and practical constraints.

Microscopic methods (scanning probe microscopy and electron microscopy)

·         Student explains the basic principles of optical microscopy, electron microscopy and scanning probe microscopy.

·         Student distinguishes between surface‑sensitive scanning probe techniques (AFM, STM) and electron microscopy (SEM, TEM) in terms of imaging principle, information depth, and sample requirements.

·         Student compares SEM and TEM with respect to resolution, contrast mechanisms, sample preparation, and typical applications in materials or biology science.

·         Student compares AFM and STM in terms of operating principle, accessible materials and environments, and practical limitations of each technique.

Poslední úprava: Eliášová Pavla, Mgr., Ph.D. (08.01.2026)