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Kurz poskytuje hluboký vhled do cytoskeletálních systémů jakožto vysoce dynamických struktur, které se rychle reorganizují v odpovědi na potřeby buněk a tkání. Snaží se u studentů dosáhnout uceleného chápání cytoskeletu. Začíná od mechanistických molekulárních principů; pokračuje přes úlohu cytoskeletu v přenosu signálu, interakcích s membránami, propojování cytoskeletálních sítí, a končí na úrovni buněčné motility a udržování integrity tkání. Důraz je kladen na rozmanité role cytoskeletu za fyziologických podmínek i v patologických souvislostech.
Ačkoli se kurz primárně zaměřuje na cytoskelet savců, zahrnuje také cytoskeletální struktury bakterií a prvoků. Přednášky probíhají v angličtině. Poslední úprava: Libusová Lenka, RNDr., Ph.D. (29.07.2026)
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Molecular Biology of the Cell, Alberts et al., 7th edition, Garland Science, 2022 Chapter 9: Visualizing cells Chapter 16: The cytoskeleton Chapter 17: Cell cycle (mitosis) Chapter 19: Cell junctions and the extracellular matrix (cell-cell junctions, cell-matrix-junctions) Poslední úprava: Libusová Lenka, RNDr., Ph.D. (28.07.2026)
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The course is intended for master’s students with prior bachelor-level knowledge in molecular and cellular biology. Assessment is by oral examination covering all topics addressed in the course. Poslední úprava: Libusová Lenka, RNDr., Ph.D. (29.07.2026)
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1. Introduction Viscosity and diffusion versus active transport; cell migration; overview of experimental methods and techniques used in cytoskeleton research. 2. Microtubules Structure, nucleation, post-translational modifications, microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) and microtubule inner proteins (MIPs); dynamic instability; pharmacological agents; centrosome and γ-tubulin; relevance to Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. 3. Microfilaments (Actin Filaments) Structure, nucleation, associated proteins, actin dynamics, Arp2/3 complex, pharmacological agents, interactions with membranes, and role in muscle contraction; relevance to muscular dystrophies. 4. Intermediate Filaments Structure, associated proteins, dynamics, connections to intercellular junctions and the extracellular matrix, nuclear lamina; relevance to blistering diseases (e.g. epidermolysis), neurodegenerative disorders (e.g. ALS), and progeria. 5.–6. Molecular Motors Mechanisms of movement, duty cycle, and cellular functions; flagella and mitotic spindle; relevance to diseases affecting sperm motility and Kartagener syndrome. 7. Cytoskeleton and Signal Transduction Integration of cytoskeletal dynamics with intracellular signaling pathways. 8. Septins and Cytoskeletal Connections to Membranes Structure and function of septins; interplay between septins, other cytoskeletal elements, and cellular membranes. 9. Prokaryotic Cytoskeleton and Cytoskeleton in Semiautonomous Organelles FtsZ, MreB, crescentin; cytoskeletal elements in mitochondria and chloroplasts. 10. Diversity of Cytoskeletal Structures Specialized cytoskeletal arrangements in neurons; cytoskeletal structures in protozoa.
Poslední úprava: Libusová Lenka, RNDr., Ph.D. (29.07.2026)
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Learning Outcomes By the end of the course, students should be able to: Understand and compare the structure, assembly, dynamics, and regulation of microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments, septins, and prokaryotic cytoskeletal elements. Explain the roles of major cytoskeletal components in cellular mechanics, tissue architecture, intracellular transport, and cell migration. Apply core mechanistic concepts to describe how cytoskeletal systems, in cooperation with molecular motors, support cell migration, division, intracellular transport, membrane interactions, and motility. Compare the principal motor-driven processes in intracellular transport, spindle organization, and flagellar/ciliary motility. Analyze the effects of cytoskeleton-associated proteins, post-translational modifications, molecular motors, and pharmacological agents on cytoskeletal behavior. Evaluate how defects in cytoskeletal organization and function contribute to human diseases and specialized cellular phenotypes. Propose appropriate experimental approaches to address specific questions on cytoskeletal structure and function. Describe key experimental methods used in cytoskeleton research and interpret the types of biological questions they can address. Integrate knowledge across cytoskeletal systems to explain bidirectional crosstalk between cytoskeletal structures, signaling pathways, cellular membranes, and organelles. Analyze how the cytoskeleton contributes to cell shape, compartmentalization, polarity, and the integration of cells into tissues. Analyze similarities and differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cytoskeletal organization, including cytoskeletal elements in semiautonomous organelles. Poslední úprava: Libusová Lenka, RNDr., Ph.D. (29.07.2026)
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