| Pořadí |
Název předmětu |
| Tématický okruh 1 (TO1) |
| 1 |
a) Medical prevention (4 types). History of primary and secondary prevention. Preventive medicine (Health protection and Health promotion). |
| 1 |
b) Basic food components – carbohydrates (classification, risks of excessive sugar intake and reduced fiber intake). Glycemic index (definition, importance, options for reduction). |
| 1 |
c) Demography. The structure of the population. Distribution by sex and age. Current world demographic trends. |
| 2 |
b) Impact of vibrations on human health – systemic and local effects, diseases, prevention, contraindications to work at risk of vibration. |
| 2 |
a) Health risk assessment procedure and relationship to final legislative decisions (description of risk assessment and risk management phases). |
| 2 |
c) Quality of life. Quality of life measures. Health-related quality of life. |
| 3 |
a) Dangerous factors of the living and working environment (groups). Chemicals (sources of exposure; exposure pathways). Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic effects of chemicals (dose-effect, NOAEL, RfD, CSF). Increased sensitivity to dangerous factors. |
| 3 |
b) Basic food components – proteins (characteristics, importance for human health). Health consequences of excessive and reduced intake. |
| 3 |
c) World Health Organization. European Health Policy. WHO programs. Health 2030. |
| 4 |
a) Basic characteristics of exposure to environmental factors (organism-environmental factors relationship). Basic characteristics of diseases induced by chronic exposure to chemical and physical factors (latency, etiology, specificity). Hazard identification and characterization of chemical and physical factors (clinical, experimental, and epidemiological data). |
| 4 |
b) Assessment of occupational psychic load (possible methods). Examples of workplaces in higher risk of mental stress. |
| 4 |
c) Quality of health care. Health care quality assessment. Interventions for improving quality of health care. |
| 5 |
b) Disaster medicine from an anti-epidemic point of view. |
| 5 |
a) Chemical carcinogens. Non-threshold effects (CSF). IARC classification (group 1, 2A, 2B, examples). Identification of carcinogenic potential. Occupational monitoring to carcinogens (ALARA). Mutagenicity and carcinogenicity tests (principles of testing, Ames test, Chromosomal aberration). |
| 5 |
c) Health economy. Market failure in health care system. Reasons, examples.
|
| 6 |
a) Classification of adverse effects of chemicals (local effects, systemic effects, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity, allergy). |
| 6 |
c) Mortality, data sources, basic indicators. Life expectancy. Standardized rates. |
| 6 |
b) Basic food components – fats (characteristics, importance for human health, risks and benefits of SFA, MUFA, PUFA, cholesterol; recommended intake). Trans isomers of fatty acids (importance, resources, risks). |
| 7 |
a) Ionizing radiation I (sources, effects of IR – acute and chronic, deterministic and stochastic, acute radiation syndrome, radiodermatitis acuta and chronica, other effects). |
| 7 |
b) Nutrition – direct risks (biological – enterotoxicosis, enteroinfections; chemical – naturally occurring toxic substances, chemicalization of agriculture). Prevention of food contamination (HACCP). International/EU food safety surveillance (RASFF, EFSA). |
| 7 |
c) Social pediatrics: the main risk factors in development of the child's psyche, foster and institutional care. Syndrome CAN (child abused and neglect). |
| 8 |
b) Health effects of stress. Sources of inadequate mental stress at work – possibilities of prevention. Burnout syndrome. |
| 8 |
c) Social consequences of chronic morbidity, disability in older people. Special care for elderly, integrated community care. Hospices. |
| 8 |
a) Ionizing radiation II (quantities and units, ionizing radiation defense – monitoring, principles, protection of population, defense of staff). |
| 9 |
a) Child nutrition (prenatally, postnatally); differences in the nutrition of infants (breastfeeding, baby foods) and toddlers. Current problems of child nutrition (undernutrition, obesity). |
| 9 |
b) Health risk of arsenic, lead, cadmium, mercury in environment and occupational environment (exposure, affected organs/systems, clinical manifestation, monitoring) |
| 9 |
c) The ageing of population and consequences for health policy and health care. |
| 10 |
b) Biological contamination of food (foodborne infections, food poisoning) and its prevention. Physical and radiation contamination of food, food irradiation. |
| 10 |
c) Bio-psycho-social model of health, illness, and treatment. The main assumptions of and the research evidence for the model. Examples of application in clinical medicine. |
| 10 |
a) Occupational prevention – importance of the UN, WHO, ILO, basic principle. Categorization of works in CR (categories, their proclamation, risk factors, OELs, BELs). Working environment and working conditions (physical, chemical, social). |
| 11 |
a) Hospital hygiene (reception of patients, personal hygiene of staff and patients, handling of laundry, handling of food, cleaning, sterilization control, hazardous waste management, issues of visits). |
| 11 |
b) Chemical contamination of food (sources, the most common chemical contaminants). Food additives (types, use, examples). Organic foods. Prevention of food contamination (HACCP principle, RASF). |
| 11 |
c) Health and culture. Cultural influence on health beliefs and health/illness behavior. |
| 12 |
a) Nosocomial infections, factors influencing their origin and spread. Explain the terms: source of infection, route of transmission, susceptible individual. Possibilities of prevention of nosocomial infections. |
| 12 |
b) Basic principles (recommendations) of regular and appropriate physical activity (type, volume, intensity, and frequency). Benefits and risks. Basic components of wellness. |
| 12 |
c) Measurement of population health, data sources. Morbidity, measures of disease frequency. (Prevalence. Incidence. Prevalence rate. Incidence rate. Risk. Case fatality). |
| 13 |
a) Building environment (health consequences of unsuitable temperature, humidity, illumination, air contamination and air ionization). Sick building syndrome and building related illnesses. |
| 13 |
b) Occupational health risks in health care (physical, chemical – including genotoxic risks, biological, excessive physical and mental stress, prevention options. Occupational diseases in health care). |
| 13 |
c) Systemic perspective in medicine; The family as a source of support for the patient and a partner for collaboration during the treatment. Medical family therapy and interdisciplinary collaboration. |
| 14 |
c) Types of health care. Forms of health care. Self-care. Family care. Community care. Health literacy. |
| 14 |
a) Health consequences of outdoor air contamination. Particulate matter (PM), polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), nitrogen oxides, ozone, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide (sources, biological effects, consequences of chronic exposure, sensitive persons). |
| 14 |
b) Occupational skin diseases (physical, chemical, biological factors). |
| 15 |
a) Health problems of drinking water (sources, quality criteria, recommendations for consumption). |
| 15 |
c) Basic characteristics of the Health care system in the Czech Republic and in the country where the student comes from. |
| 15 |
b) Primary and early secondary prevention of cervix uteri carcinoma. The role of a general practitioner (GP). |
| 16 |
a) Non-ionizing radiation I – UV light (types, sources, health effects, prevention). |
| 16 |
c) Priorities for health care. Assessing needs. Health care planning and evaluation. Equity in health. |
| 16 |
b) Main risks in children age. Infections (examples and occurrence, prevention), vaccination options and problems. Injuries (the most common types of injuries, incidence, prevention). |
| 17 |
a) Aging as a risk factor, aging population, mutual relationship of aging and disease, biological and chronological age difference, lifespan, healthspan and its determinants. |
| 17 |
b) Methods of prevention in the workplace (collective, individual – PPE, occupational medical preventive examinations). |
| 17 |
c) Mental health and illness; bio-psycho-social perspective, epidemiology, preventive strategies, mental health care system including interdisciplinary collaboration. |
| 18 |
b) Long-lasting excessive unilateral loading, impact on human health (load handling, diseases and their prevention, work contraindications. |
| 18 |
a) Aging theories, hallmarks of aging. |
| 18 |
c) Systems of Health Care Financing. Methods of payment for health care. Czech Republic example. |
| 19 |
a) Child development – characteristics of periods of development, physical development assessment (growth standards, preventive check-ups in CR and your country). Hygiene of the pedagogical process
– specific features of pedagogical process, hygienic principles, negative impact on health, prevention.
|
| 19 |
b) Impact of noise on human health (health effects, professional hearing damage; prevention, contraindications for work at risk of noise. |
| 19 |
c) Patient rights. Civil liability and criminal liability in healthcare law. |
| 20 |
a) Preventive periodic health examinations in primary care (in Czech Republic and in your country). |
| 20 |
b) Non-ionizing radiation II – VIS, IR, microwaves, radio/TV waves, lasers (sources, effects and protection). |
| 20 |
c) Health promotion and disease prevention. Levels of prevention, examples. Screening. Criteria for
a screening program. Sensitivity, specificity of a screening test.
|
| 21 |
a) Smoking (health effects, possibilities of prevention). Anti-smoking activities (nicotine replacement therapy, non-nicotine pharmacological therapy). Methods 4A (5A) and 4 R. |
| 21 |
c) Convention on human rights and biomedicine. |
| 21 |
b) Gut microbiome – development (childbirth, breastfeeding, first years of life); healthy vs. disturbed gut microbiome (characteristics, examples of diseases); short-chain fatty acids (origin, examples, basic functions in the body); the effect of diet, drugs, and physical activity on gut microbiome. Probiotics (definition, health benefits vs. potential limitations and concerns, clinical applications). |
| 22 |
a) Alcoholism (effects, risks, prevention). |
| 22 |
c) Health legislation. Informed consent. Patient´s refusal. Health documentation. |
| 22 |
b) Primary and early secondary prevention of breast carcinoma. The role of a general practitioner (GP). |
| 23 |
b) Primary and early secondary prevention of lung cancer and prostate cancer. The role of a general practitioner (GP). |
| 23 |
a) Drug addiction (effects, risks, prevention; cannabinoids, opiates, hallucinogens, volatile substances, stimulants, and dance drugs) |
| 23 |
c) Health care systems – typology. Basic principles. |
| 24 |
a) Prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Population and individual strategies. Table of coronary risk in primary prevention of ischemic heart disease |
| 24 |
c) Epidemiology. The role of epidemiology. The relationship between epidemiology and clinical medicine. Types of epidemiological studies. |
| 24 |
b) Health consequences of dust (in environment and working environment), prevention, contraindications for work in dust. |
| 25 |
a) Primary and early secondary prevention of colorectal carcinoma. The role of a general practitioner (GP). |
| 25 |
b) Health consequences of night shifts. Absolute and relative health contraindications. |
| 25 |
c) Observational epidemiological studies. Evidence based medicine. |
| 26 |
a) Obesity, overweight, undernutrition – etiology, health risks, prevention (on individual and societal level). Evaluation of nutritional status (BMI, body fat, WHR). |
| 26 |
c) Experimental epidemiological studies. Potential errors in epidemiological studies. Random error. Systematic error. Bias. Confounding. |
| 26 |
b) Biological interactions in mixtures of chemicals. Environmental and biological monitoring (principles). |
| 27 |
b) Primary and early secondary prevention of skin cancer. The role of a general practitioner (GP). |
| 27 |
a) Health risk of benzene, PAHs, formaldehyde, organophosphates in environment and occupational environment (exposure, affected organs/systems, clinical manifestation, monitoring). |
| 27 |
c) Medical ethics I: Importance of ethical dimension in current medicine. Main principles of medical ethics in both clinical practice and research. Ethical codes. |
| 28 |
b) Public health; definition, concept, objectives. Determinants of health and disease. Social determinants of health and disease. |
| 28 |
a) Basic food components – vitamins (water- and fat-soluble, importance for health), minerals (macro and microelements, trace elements; importance for health). |
| 28 |
c) Medical ethics II: Typical areas of ethical dilemmas in clinical medicine and research – overview and examples. The role of ethical committees. |
