Biochemistry I - FD10016

• Title: Biochemistry I
• Guaranteed by: Department of Medical Biochemistry (15-180)
• Faculty: Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové
• Actual: from 2021
• Semester: winter
• Points: 0
• E-Credits: 7
• Examination process: winter s.:
• Hours per week, examination: winter s.:40/65, C [HS]
• Capacity: unlimited
• Min. number of students: unlimited
• 4EU+: no
• Virtual mobility / capacity: no
• State of the course: not taught
• Language: English
• Teaching methods: full-time
• Teaching methods: full-time
• Guarantor: doc. MUDr. Alena Stoklasová, CSc.
• Incompatibility : FZ10014
• Interchangeability : FA0203036, FA0203136, FZ10014
• Is co-requisite for: FD10017
• Is incompatible with: FZ10014, FV035, FG50014
• Is pre-requisite for: FD10030, FD10031
• Is interchangeable with: FZ10014
• In complex pre-requisite: FD10048

Annotation

Last update: doc. MUDr. Alena Stoklasová, CSc. (13.09.2021)

General Chemistry: periodic system, chemical bond, interactions between molecules.Inorganic Chemistry: nomenclature, elements and their compounds, alloys, inorganic compounds in dentistry. Physical Chemistry: chemical reactions, chemical thermodynamics, kinetics of reactions, chemical equilibrium, catalysis, solutions and their properties, oxidation and reduction equilibrium, the Nernst equation, colloidal state, osmotic pressure, surface phenomena. Organic Chemistry: structure of organic compounds, isomers, hydrocarbons and their derivatives, reactions of organic compounds, heterocyclic compounds, vitamins, carbohydrates, lipids, steroids,terpenes, amino acids, peptides and proteins, nucleic acid. Biochemistry: Introduction to enzymology, overview of intermedisry metabolism,biological oxidation, citric acid cycle, metabolism of carbohydrates, metabolism of lipids.

Requirements to the exam

Last update: doc. MUDr. Alena Stoklasová, CSc. (14.09.2021)

Credit:

a) Attendance at laboratory classes and seminars

b) Complete protocols; must be presented at the last class in the winter term 

c) Result of all examinations: at least 3.00 (written tests and oral examinations - the credit test is not included). Written tests are obligatory and missing tests must be substituted.

d) Result of the credit test: at least 3.00  

 

Note: Final examination - Pre-dates: result of examinations at least 2.00 and result of credit test at least 2.00 in winter term

Syllabus

Last update: doc. MUDr. Alena Stoklasová, CSc. (14.09.2021)

Lectures

1. Introduction to Subject. (Stoklasová 1)
2. Periodic System of Elements. Trends in the Periodic Table.  Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds. (Köhlerová 2)
3. Effect of ionizing Radiation on Living Systems. (Hroch 1)
4. Biogenic Elements and their Compounds. (Stoklasová 1)
5. Chemical Bonding - Covalent, Ionic and Metallic Bonds. Intermolecular Forces - Dipole-Dipole Forces, Hydrogen Bond, the London Forces. (Stoklasová 2)
6. Classification of Chemical Reactions. Chemical Thermodynamics - the Laws of Thermodynamics, Enthalpy, Entropy, Free Energy. Spontaneity of Chemical Change. (Stoklasová 1)
7. Chemical Equilibrium. Equilibrium Constant. Le Chatelier´s Principle. Chemical Kinetics. Reaction Rates and Factors that Influence them. Activation Energy and the Activated Complex. Catalysts and Mechanism of their Effect. (Stoklasová 1)
8. Solutions and their Properties. Solubility, Concentration of Solutions. Solutions of Electrolytes, Ionization Constant. Activity (effective concentration). Acids and Bases. The Dissociation of Water. The pH Scale. Salts, Hydrolysis of Salts, Solubility Product. (Havelek 3)
9. Buffers, Characterization, pH, Capacity. Buffers of the Blood. (Havelek 2)
10. Hydrocarbons and their Derivatives. Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes, Cycloalkanes, Aromatic Hydrocarbones; Alkyl- and Aryl Halides, Amino-, Nitro-derivatives of Hydrocarbons; Thiols, Sulphides, Disulphides, Sulphonic Acids; Alcohols, Phenols; Aldehydes, Ketones; Carboxylic Acids and their Derivatives. Urea and its Derivatives. (Muthná 4)
11. Disinfectans, Anesthetics. (Stoklasová 1)
12. Heterocyclic Compounds with one or more Heteroatoms, their Importance in Biochemisty. Vitamins. (Köhlerová 2)
13. Amino Acids and their Physical and Chemical Properties. Peptides. Proteins - Amino Acid Composition, Conformation of Proteins - Types of Bonds. Classification of Proteins. (Mrkvicová 1)
14. Enzymes - Characterization, Mechanism of their Action. Vitamins as Cofactors of Enzymes. Kinetics of Enzymatic Reactions, the Michaelis Constant. Environmental Effects Influencing Enzyme Activity. Inhibition of Enzyme Activity. Nomenclature and Classification of Enzymes. Enzymes in Medicine. (Mrkvicová 2)
15. Nucleic Acids. (Mrkvicová 2)
16. Biological Oxidations. Reactive oxygen and Nitrogen Species. (Stoklasová 2)
17. Introduction to Metabolism. Citric Acid Cycle and its Regulation. (Řezáčová 1)
18. Electron Transport Chain. Aerobic Phosphorylation. (Řezáčová 2)
19. Carbohydrates. Monosaccharides - Classificaton, Configuration. Optical Activity, Anomers, Epimers. Reactions of Monosaccharides. Glycosidic linkage. Reducing and non-reducing Disaccharides. Polysaccharides and Glycosaminoglycans - Composition, Properties. Digestion.  Metabolism of Glucose, Fructose, Galactose and Polysaccharides. (Řezáčová 5)
20. Artificial Sweeteners. (Stoklasová 1)
21. Lipids - Classification and Properties. Waxes. Digestion. Metabolism of Triacylglycerols, Phospholipids, Fatty Acids. Cholesterol and its Metabolism. (Stoklasová 4)

 

Laboratory classes & seminars

Lecturers

• Prof. Martina Řezáčová M.D., Ph.D.
• Assoc. Prof. Miloš Hroch, Ing., Ph.D.
• Assoc. Prof. Alena Stoklasová, M.D., Ph.D.
• Radim Havelek, Dr., Ph.D.
• Renata Köhlerová, MS, Ph.D.
• Darina Muthná, Dr., Ph.D.
• Alena Mrkvicová, MS, Ph.D.
• Eva Peterová, MS, Ph. D.
• Darja Koutová, MS.
• Martin Uher, Dr.

Seminars

1. Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds. The Periodic Law. Periodic system. Chemical Bond. Interactions among Molecules. 
2. Themodynamics and Kinetics of Chemical Reactions. Basic Calculations in Chemistry.  Test.
3. Electrolytes, Electrolytic Dissociation. The Bronstedt-Lowry Concept. The pH of Acids and Bases. Buffers. Calculations. Test.
4. Organic Compounds Important in Biochemistry I. Hydrocarbons, Alcohols, Phenols, Quinones, Nitrogen- and Halogen-derivatives, Sulphur-containing Compounds, Aldehydes, Ketones, their Rections. Test.
5. Organic Compounds Important in Biochemistry II.  Organic Acids, their Reactions. Urea and its Derivatives. Test.
6. Amino Acids, Peptides, Proteins. 
7. Heterocycles. Vitamins. Terpenes. Polymers in Medicine. Test.
8. Enzymes, Structure, Mechanism of their Action.The Michaelis Constant. Factors Affecting the Rate of Enzyme Catalyzed Reactions. Isoenzymes.
9. Nucleic Acids. Credit test.
10. Introduction to Metabolism. Citric Acid Cycle. Substrate Phosphorylation.
11. Biological Oxidation. Electron Transport Chain. Metabolism of Oxygen. Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species. Test.
12. Carbohydrates - Classification, Structure, Properties, Digestion. Metaboslism of Glucose - Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis.Microorganisms and Metabolism of Carbohydrates. Artificial Sweeteners.
13. Metabolism of Carbohydrates - Pentose Phosphate Pathway, Metabolsim of Glycogen. Metabolism of Fructose, Galactose, Uronic, Acid, Glycosaminoglycans, Proteoglycans and Glycoproteins. Test.

 

Laboratory classes

1. Laboratory Practice and Safety Rules. Chemical Glass. Preparation of Pure Inorganic Substances.
2. Spectrophotometry. Determination of Fe²⁺Ions Concentration.
3. Potenciometry. The pH Measurement. Determination of Capacity of acetate Buffer. Buffer Capacity of Proteins.
4. Factors Influencing Laboratory Results. Accuracy of Measurement.
5. General properties of Amino Acids and Proteins.
6. Properties of Enzymes - the Influence of pH and Temperature. Substrate Specificity. 

Notes:

Attendance at laboratory classes and seminars is COMPULSORY and a register is kept. Substitution of written tests must be consulted with Asssoc. prof. Stoklasová in case of your unavoidable absence (e. g. illness). Before starting laboratory class, do not forget laboratory coat and change your shoes (with rubber sole no shoe covers).  Calculator is necessary. Laboratory manual is available in MOODLE.

Literature

Last update: doc. MUDr. Alena Stoklasová, CSc. (13.09.2021)

Compulsory literature

1. R. Y. Ouellette Introduction to General, Organic and Biological Chemistry. 3rd ed., Mac Millan Publ.Company, New York, 1992. ISBN 0-02-390245-0 (or the latest edition available)
2. R. K. Murray et al. Harper's Biochemistry. 24th ed., Appleton and Lange, Stamford, USA, 1996.ISBN 0-8385-3612-3. (or the latest edition available)

 Recommend literature

1. Z. Durackova et al. Medical Chemistry. Asklepios, Bratislava, 1993. ISBN 80-7167-003-0
2. P. C. Champe and R.A.Harvey Biochemistry. Lippincott Co, 1987. ISBN 0-397-50801-8 (or the latest edition available)
3. J.W. Baynes et M. H. Dominiczak Medical Biochemistry. 4th ed., Elsevier 2014. ISBN 978-1-4557-4580-7