Physiology - B83113 (Dentistry)
Title: Physiology
Guaranteed by: Institute of Physiology First Faculty of Medicine Charles University (11-00150)
Faculty: First Faculty of Medicine
Actual: from 2023
Semester: winter
Points: 10
E-Credits: 10
Examination process: winter s.:
summer s.:
Hours per week, examination: winter s.:5/1, C [HT]
summer s.:6/1, C+Ex [HT]
Extent per academic year: 195 [hours]
Capacity: unlimited
Min. number of students: unlimited
4EU+: no
Virtual mobility / capacity: no
State of the course: taught
Language: English
Teaching methods: full-time
Explanation: prof. MUDr. O. Kittnar, CSc. MBA
Additional information: http://fyziologie.lf1.cuni.cz/medici-a-zubni-lekarstvi
Note: prefer medical statement
enabled for web enrollment
Guarantor: prof. MUDr. Otomar Kittnar, CSc., MBA
Attributes: Předmět pro elearning
Teoretický předmět
Zubní lékařství
Pre-requisite : {splněna jedna z anatomií}, B81129, B81133, B83031
Interchangeability : B81404
Is pre-requisite for: B81164, B81156, B81155, B81159, B83151, B81157, B83156, B83145, B83149, B83148, B83153, B83155
In complex pre-requisite: B80079
Opinion survey results   Examination dates   WS schedule   SS schedule   Noticeboard   
Annotation
The Physiology subject is read in winter and summer semesters. There are 38 lectures in winter semester and 45 lectures in summer semester. The lectures in the winter semester include physiology of the cell, general neurophysiology including physiology of muscles, blood, circulatory, respiratory and digestive systems. In the summer semester, regulation in which kidneys, the endocrine system and central nervous system take part are dealt with. Practical labs is aimed at verification of theoretical knowledge and at training certain skills through investigation of some functions of the human organism and their regulatory mechanisms as well as through experiments on animals. Computer models and patient simulators complement the labs. There are 8 lab sessions in one semester, each one lasting 2 teaching hours (16 teaching hours in each semester). The conditions for gaining the credits in either semester include active work in particular practical and a successful outcome of the revision tests.
Last update: Kolářová Jana (16.09.2019)
Literature - Czech

Textbook of Medical Physiology, Edited by Arthur C. Guyton

W.B. Saunders Company, 8th edition or later

Medical Physiology: Principles for Clinical Medicine, Rodney A. Rhoades, David R. Bell

Principles of Physiology, Edited by Robert M. Berne and Matthew N. Levy

Review of Medical Physiology, William F. Ganong

Czech: Lékařská fyziologie - Otomar Kittnar a kolektiv (Grada 2011)

Last update: Jandová Kateřina, MUDr., Ph.D. (13.09.2019)
Teaching methods - Czech

Physiology Labs Syllabus - Summer semestr 2024/2025 (B83113 - DENTISTRY)

Physiology labs are scheduled (every other week) for Thursday 14:15-15:45, Lecture Hall - Department of Physiology

WEEK

Program

Thursday date 

1

 Introduction to summer semester, vital systems revision, how to study Physiology, concept of physiological thinking

27.2.2025

3

Polyuria, Renal system, Water homeostasis

13.3.2025

5

Importance of glycaemia, oral glucose tolerance test, regulation of metabolism by endocrine system, using spectrophotometry in biomedicine

27.3.2025

7

 Physiology of senses (hearing tests, vision tests)

10.4.2025

9

Metabolism measurement, basal vs. maximal metabolic turnover, relationship between breathing, cardiovascular system and metabolic turnover

24.4.2025

11

State Holiday

8.5.2025

13

 Reflex evaluation, consciousness, behavior valuation and testing, classification of behavior in physiology

22.5.2025

15

Revision test, Revision discussion, consultations and credit

5.6.2025

To obtain the credit the active participation in seminaries is compulsory plus test on the end of the semester has to be passed successfully.

Any hesitations please consult with Vladimír Riljak (via email or via MS Teams chat).

Labs are taking place in lecture hall - please use the entrance from behind of the building (street Studničkova)

Last update: Riljak Vladimír, doc. MUDr., Ph.D. (18.02.2025)
Requirements to the exam - Czech

The final exam consist of three parts:

1. Written test (entrance test), questions are multiple choice, single correct ones.

2. Lab examination. One question from the lab practicals.

3. Theory examination. Three questions (triplet), one of them is neurophysiology.

 

Evaluation of exam:

The final exam takes part during the summer semester exam period. Exam is successfully passed upon successful passing of all three parts of exam. Third attempt is always oral indenpendently on the results of previous parts of the exam.

Each exam term consists of all three parts.

 

Examination requires:

1. Valid SIS exam registration for particular term, detailed dates for examination terms in summer semester will be announced on SIS and on our webpage

2. Physiology credits signed for winter and summer semesters

3. Student ID card

 

Excuse from the exam:

Students are obliged to claim the exam excuse ahead of the particular exam term, otherwise you exam term is spent (lost). Receiving your apology after the respective exam term requires reasonable and documented justification in order to not lose the term.

 

Topics for the Final Exam in Physiology

Exam questions for Dentists:

The cell
The cell (cell membrane, nucleus, organelles, function) 
Transport across cell membranes 
Ionic currents underlying membrane potentials 
Contraction in skeletal muscle 
Sensory transduction 
Tissue maintenance 
Body fluids
Homeostasis 
The blood 
The blood cells 
Hemostasis 
Blood groups 
Mechanisms of immunity 
Blood circulation
Electrical activity of the heart 
The normal electrocardiogram 
Events of the cardiac cycle 
Function of cardiac valves, heart sounds 
Cardiac output, regulation 
Blood pressure in the heart, arteries, capillaries and veins 
Exchange of materials in capillaries 
Control of the cardiac output 
Control of the blood pressure 
Control of the blood volume 
Control of the regional blood flow 
Fetal and neonatal circulation 
The coronary circulation 
The circulation of the lungs 
Cerebral circulation 
Splanchnic circulation 
The Respiratory System
Ventilation 
Diffusion and transport of respiratory gases 
Transport of oxygen in blood 
Transport of carbon dioxide in blood 
Control of respiration 
pH regulation in body fluids 
The Digestive System
Motility of the gastrointestinal system 
Chewing and swallowing 
Secretion in the gastrointestinal system 
Digestion 
Absorption in the gastrointestinal system 
Functions of the liver 
Metabolism of nutrients 
Temperature regulation 
The excretory system
The physiology of the skin 
Glomerular filtration, its regulation 
Processing of the filtrate in the proximal and distal tubules 
Control of extracellular fluid osmolality 
Control of extracellular fluid volume, sodium and potassium balance 
Body acid-base state and its regulation 
Renal regulation of the acid-base balance 
Micturition 
The endocrine system
Mechanisms of cell signaling 
The adrenocortical hormones 
Growth hormone, growth factors, and control of the body growth 
Regulation of the carbohydrate metabolism 
Hypothalamo-hypophyseal relations 
The thyroid hormones secretion and its regulation 
The adrenal medulla 
Stress and emergency reaction 
Control of the calcium and phosphate balance 
Hormones of the anterior pituitary 
Neurohypophyseal hormones 
Endocrine and biological rhythms 
Reproductive and hormonal functions of the male 
Reproductive and hormonal functions of the female 
The ovarial cycle 
Physiology of pregnancy 
Fetal and neonatal physiology 
Principles of neurophysiology
Structure and function of nerve cells 
Membrane potentials 
Synaptic transmission 
Integration activity of neurons 
Reflex arc, classification of reflexes 
Milieu of the central nervous system 
The motor system
Physiology of the muscle contraction 
The neural control of movements 
Muscle tone and its control 
Motor functions of the spinal cord, brain stem, basal ganglia and the cerebellum 
Cortical control of motor functions 
The autonomic nervous system
Characteristics of sympathetic and parasympathetic action 
The sensory physiology
Signal transformation in receptor cells and coding 
Somatic sensations 
Perception of pain 
Function of the auditory system 
The vestibular apparatus 
Function of the visual system 
The sense of taste and smell 
Integrative function of the CNS
Function of the spinal cord 
Function of the limbic system 
Function of the cerebral cortex 
Intellectual functions of the brain, language 
Mechanism of learning and memory 
Waking and sleeping 
Bioelectrical activity of the CNS 

Practicals:
Membrane Potential, Model  
Tests for Hemosthasis 
Blood Groups Evaluation 
Hemoglobin and Hematocrit Estimation 
Sedimentation of Erythrocytes 
Blood Pressure Measurement 
Spirometry  
Evaluation of Reflexes 
Evaluation of Vision 
Hearing Tests

Last update: Jandová Kateřina, MUDr., Ph.D. (31.01.2023)
Syllabus
Lectures in Physiology - Winter semestr (DENTISTRY)

Medical Physiology, History of the Subject

Cellular Physiology, Cell Organelles

Cell Membranes

Membrane Transport

Ion Channels, Membrane Potentials and their Propagation

Signal Transduction

Receptors and Information Molecules

Cytoskeleton, Cell Junctions, Extracellular Matrix

Cell Cycle, Tussie Maintenance

Principles of Homeostasis, Blood, Plasma

Blood Cells, Hemopoiesis

Hemostasis and Blood Coagulation

Body Defence System

Respiration. Pulmonary Ventilation

Diffusion, Perfusion, Pulmonary Circulation

Gas Transport and Exchange

Regulation of Respiration, Respiration in Hypobaric and Hyperbaric Conditions

Circulation, Heart, Electrical Activity in the Heart

Cardiac Mechanics

Electrocardiogram

Events of the Cardiac Cycle

Arterial System

Microcirculation and Exchange, Veins and Venous Return

Cardiovascular Control

Special Circulations

Principles of Biological Regulation

Physiology of the Digestive System, Motility

Secretory Functions

Digestion, Absorption

Metabolism, Minerals and Vitamins

Splanchnic Circulation, Functions of the Liver

Regulation of Food Intake

Function of the Skin

Temperature Regulation

Summer semestr

Kidney and Body Fluids, Fundamentals of Renal Physiology, Glomerular Filtration

Epithelial Transport, Filtrate Processing in the Tubules, Clearance

Mechanisms for Controlling Extracellular Fluid Osmolality

Excretion and Regulation of the Sodium, Potassium, and Urea, Micturition

Body Acid-Base State and Its Regulation

Endocrinology, The Cellular Biology of Endocrine System

Neurohypophyseal Hormones, Neuropeptides, Growth Factors

Control of the Calcium and Phosphate Balance

Adrenocortical and Thyroideal Hormones

Adrenal Medulla, Endocrine Rhythms

Pancreas and Regulation of Carbohydrate Metabolism, Adipocytal hormones

Reproductive and Hormonal Functions of the Male, Sexual Differentiation

Reproductive and Hormonal Functions of the Female

Anterior Pituitary

Pregnancy and Lactation

Fetal and Neonatal Physiology

General Prionciples of Neuronal Functions

Synaptic Transmission, Neurotransmitters

Membrane Potentials, Role of Dendrites, Integrative Function of Neuronal Circuits

Sensory Processes

Somatic Sensations, Pain

Auditory System

Gustation and Olfaction

Visual System

Sensory Processing

Control of Movements, The Spinal Motor Control, Reflex Arc

Striated muscle

Control of the Posture, Eye Position, Locomotion, Chewing

Voluntary Movements, Motor Functions of Cerebral Cortex

Motor Functions of Cerebellum and Basal Ganglia

Autonomic Nervous System

Hypothalamus, Smooth muscle

Limbic system, Reward system

Integrative Functions of the Central Nervous System

Integrative Functions of Cerebral Cortex in Humans

Learning and Memory

Association Functions of the Cerebral Cortex

Development of neuronal circuits, Neuroplasticity

Milleu of the CNS, Blood Brain Barrier

Body Rhythms

Waking and Sleeping

Optimality in Physiological Mechanisms

Last update: Kolářová Jana (19.09.2019)
Education plan -
Schedule semestral
Educational week Date From - To Education type Theme Teacher Files Note Hodnocení
130.09.202410:45 - 12:15lectureMedical Physiology, History of the Subject prof. MUDr. Jaroslav Pokorný, DrSc. 
průměr: 3, hodnoceno: 1x
01.10.202412:30 - 14:00lectureIntroduction to Cardiopulmonary Physiology prof. MUDr. Otomar Kittnar, CSc., MBA 
průměr: 5, hodnoceno: 1x
04.10.202412:30 - 14:00lectureCellular Physiology, Cell Organelles prof. MUDr. Jaroslav Pokorný, DrSc. 
průměr: 2, hodnoceno: 1x
208.10.202412:30 - 14:00lectureCell Membranes doc. MUDr. Vladimír Riljak, Ph.D. 
průměr: 4, hodnoceno: 1x
11.10.202412:30 - 14:00lectureMembrane Transport prof. MUDr. Jaroslav Pokorný, DrSc. 
průměr: 4, hodnoceno: 1x
314.10.202410:45 - 12:15lectureIon Channelsprof. MUDr. Jaroslav Pokorný, DrSc. 
15.10.202412:30 - 14:00lectureMembrane Potentials and their Propagationdoc. MUDr. Vladimír Riljak, Ph.D. 
průměr: 5, hodnoceno: 1x
18.10.202412:30 - 14:00lectureSignal Transduction prof. MUDr. Jaroslav Pokorný, DrSc. 
422.10.202412:30 - 14:00lectureReceptors and Information Moleculesdoc. MUDr. Vladimír Riljak, Ph.D. 
průměr: 5, hodnoceno: 1x
25.10.202412:30 - 14:00lectureCytoskeleton, Cell Junctions, Extracellular Matrixprof. MUDr. Jaroslav Pokorný, DrSc. 
528.10.202410:45 - 12:15nothingState Holiday 
29.10.202412:30 - 14:00lectureCell Cycle, Tissue Maintence prof. MUDr. Jaroslav Pokorný, DrSc. 
01.11.202412:30 - 14:00lecturePrinciples of Homeostasis, Blood, Plasma prof. MUDr. Jaroslav Pokorný, DrSc. 
605.11.202412:30 - 14:00lectureBlood Cells, Hemopoiesisdoc. MUDr. Vladimír Riljak, Ph.D. 
08.11.202412:30 - 14:00lectureHemostasis and Blood Coagulationprof. MUDr. Jaroslav Pokorný, DrSc. 
711.11.202410:45 - 12:15lectureBody Defense Systemprof. MUDr. Jaroslav Pokorný, DrSc. 
12.11.202412:30 - 14:00lectureRespiration, Pulmonary Ventilation doc. MUDr. Mikuláš Mlček, Ph.D. 
15.11.202412:30 - 14:00lectureDiffusion, Perfusion, Pulmonary Circulation doc. MUDr. Mikuláš Mlček, Ph.D. 
819.11.202412:30 - 14:00lectureGas Transport and Exchangedoc. MUDr. Mikuláš Mlček, Ph.D. 
22.11.202412:30 - 14:00lectureRegulation of Respiration, Respiration in Hypobaric and Hyperbaric Conditionsdoc. MUDr. Mikuláš Mlček, Ph.D. 
925.11.202410:45 - 12:15lectureCirculation, Heart, Electrical Activity in the Heartprof. MUDr. Jaroslav Pokorný, DrSc. 
26.11.202412:30 - 14:00lectureElectrocardiogramprof. MUDr. Otomar Kittnar, CSc., MBA 
29.11.202412:30 - 14:00lectureCardiac Mechanicsprof. MUDr. Jaroslav Pokorný, DrSc. 
1003.12.202412:30 - 14:00lectureEvents of the Cardiac Cycle doc. MUDr. Vladimír Riljak, Ph.D. 
06.12.202412:30 - 14:00lectureArterial Systemprof. MUDr. Jaroslav Pokorný, DrSc. 
1109.12.202410:45 - 12:15lectureCardiovascular Control prof. MUDr. Jaroslav Pokorný, DrSc. 
10.12.202412:30 - 14:00lectureMicrocirculation and Exchange, Veins and Venous Returndoc. MUDr. Vladimír Riljak, Ph.D. 
13.12.202412:30 - 14:00lectureSpecial Circulations prof. MUDr. Jaroslav Pokorný, DrSc. 
1217.12.202412:30 - 14:00lecturePrinciples of Biological Regulationprof. MUDr. Otomar Kittnar, CSc., MBA 
20.12.202412:30 - 14:00lecturePhysiology of the Digestive System, Motilityprof. MUDr. Jaroslav Pokorný, DrSc. 
1306.01.202512:30 - 14:00lectureSecretory Functionsprof. MUDr. Jaroslav Pokorný, DrSc. 
07.01.202512:30 - 14:00lectureDigestion, Absorptiondoc. MUDr. Vladimír Riljak, Ph.D. 
10.01.202512:30 - 14:00lectureMetabolism, Minerals and Vitaminsprof. MUDr. Jaroslav Pokorný, DrSc. 
1414.01.202512:30 - 14:00lectureSplanchnic Circulation, Functions of the Liver doc. MUDr. Vladimír Riljak, Ph.D. 
17.01.202510:45 - 12:15lectureRegulation of Food Intake prof. MUDr. Jaroslav Pokorný, DrSc. 
1520.01.202510:45 - 12:15lectureFunction of the Skin prof. MUDr. Jaroslav Pokorný, DrSc. 
21.01.202512:30 - 14:00lectureTemperature Regulation doc. MUDr. Vladimír Riljak, Ph.D. 
24.01.202512:30 - 14:30lectureConsultation 
Schedule semestral
Educational week Date From - To Education type Theme Teacher Files Note Hodnocení
125.02.202512:30 - 14:00lectureKidney and Body Fluids, Glomerular Filtration doc. MUDr. Vladimír Riljak, Ph.D. 
26.02.202512:30 - 14:00lectureClearance, Tubular Processesprof. MUDr. Jaroslav Pokorný, DrSc. 
27.02.202510:30 - 12:00lectureRenal System overview, regulation of glomerular filtration, tubuloglomerular feedback, Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosteron system, role of kidney in regulation of the blood pressure doc. MUDr. Vladimír Riljak, Ph.D. 
204.03.202512:30 - 14:00lectureExcretion and Regulation of the Sodium, Potassium, and Urea doc. MUDr. Vladimír Riljak, Ph.D. 
05.03.202512:30 - 14:00lectureBody Acid-Base State and Its Regulation prof. MUDr. Jaroslav Pokorný, DrSc. 
06.03.202510:30 - 12:00lectureUnderstanding Humoral Signaling: Comparing Neuronal and Endocrine Systems with Examples from the Adrenal and Thyroid Glandsdoc. MUDr. Vladimír Riljak, Ph.D. 
311.03.202512:30 - 14:00lectureControl of the Calcium and Phosphate Balancedoc. MUDr. Vladimír Riljak, Ph.D. 
12.03.202512:30 - 14:00lectureNeurohypophyseal Hormones, Neuropeptides, Growth Factors prof. MUDr. Jaroslav Pokorný, DrSc. 
13.03.202510:30 - 12:00lectureThe Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System: A Dynamic Interface of Neuronal, Endocrine, and Immune Communication doc. MUDr. Vladimír Riljak, Ph.D. 
418.03.202512:30 - 14:00lectureAdrenal Medulla, Endocrine Rhythms doc. MUDr. Vladimír Riljak, Ph.D. 
19.03.202512:30 - 14:00lecturePancreas and Carbohydrate Metabolism, Adipocytal hormonesprof. MUDr. Jaroslav Pokorný, DrSc. 
20.03.202510:30 - 12:00lectureVital functions in numbers and graphs doc. MUDr. Vladimír Riljak, Ph.D. 
525.03.202512:30 - 14:00lectureReproductive Functions of the Female doc. MUDr. Vladimír Riljak, Ph.D. 
26.03.202512:30 - 14:00lecturePregnancy and Lactation, Fetal and Neonatal Physiologyprof. MUDr. Jaroslav Pokorný, DrSc. 
27.03.202510:30 - 12:00lectureFundamental Principles of Neuronal Function: Mechanisms, Communication, and Integration in the Nervous Systemdoc. MUDr. Vladimír Riljak, Ph.D. 
601.04.202512:30 - 14:00lectureSynaptic Transmission, Neurotransmittersdoc. MUDr. Vladimír Riljak, Ph.D. 
02.04.202512:30 - 14:00lectureMembrane Potentials, Integrative Function of Neuronal Circuitsprof. MUDr. Jaroslav Pokorný, DrSc. 
03.04.202510:30 - 12:00lectureSensory Pathways in the Central Nervous System: Exploring the Lemniscal and Anterolateral Systems in Proprioception and Nociception, the Thalamus's Role in Sensory Perception, and the Functions of the Reticular Formationdoc. MUDr. Vladimír Riljak, Ph.D. 
708.04.202512:30 - 14:00lectureSomatic Sensations, Paindoc. MUDr. Vladimír Riljak, Ph.D. 
09.04.202512:30 - 14:00lectureAuditory Systemprof. MUDr. Jaroslav Pokorný, DrSc. 
10.04.202510:30 - 12:00lectureThe Spinal Cord: Its Role in Motor Systems, Reflex Mechanisms, and Neural Pathways - An Overview of Ascending and Descending Tracts, Neuronal Populations, and Spinal Shockdoc. MUDr. Vladimír Riljak, Ph.D. 
815.04.202512:30 - 14:00lectureVisual System doc. MUDr. Vladimír Riljak, Ph.D. 
16.04.202512:30 - 14:00lectureSensory Processing prof. MUDr. Jaroslav Pokorný, DrSc. 
17.04.202510:30 - 12:00nothingDean´s Day 
922.04.202512:30 - 14:00lectureAutonomic Nervous Systém doc. MUDr. Vladimír Riljak, Ph.D. 
23.04.202512:30 - 14:00lectureHypothalamusdoc. MUDr. Vladimír Riljak, Ph.D. 
24.04.202510:30 - 12:00lectureLimbic system and Papez circuit doc. MUDr. Vladimír Riljak, Ph.D. 
1029.04.202512:30 - 14:00lectureControl of Movements, The Spinal Motor Control, Reflex Arc doc. MUDr. Vladimír Riljak, Ph.D. 
30.04.202512:30 - 14:00lectureStriated muscle prof. MUDr. Jaroslav Pokorný, DrSc. 
01.05.202510:30 - 12:00nothingState Holiday  
1106.05.202512:30 - 14:00lectureVoluntary Movements, Motor Functions of Cerebral Cortex doc. MUDr. Vladimír Riljak, Ph.D. 
07.05.202512:30 - 14:00lectureMotor Functions of Cerebellum and Basal Ganglia doc. MUDr. Vladimír Riljak, Ph.D. 
08.05.202510:30 - 12:00nothingState Holiday 
1213.05.202512:30 - 14:00nothingRector´s Day  
14.05.202512:30 - 14:00lectureIntegrative Functions of Cerebral Cortex in Humans prof. MUDr. Jaroslav Pokorný, DrSc. 
15.05.202510:30 - 12:00lectureThe Physiology of Behavior: Exploring Motivation, Emotion, Instincts, and the Role of Reflexes as Fundamental Units of the Central Nervous System doc. MUDr. Vladimír Riljak, Ph.D. 
1320.05.202512:30 - 14:00lectureAssociation Functions of the Cerebral Cortex, Cognitive functions doc. MUDr. Vladimír Riljak, Ph.D. 
21.05.202512:30 - 14:00lectureMilleu of the CNS, Blood Brain Barrierprof. MUDr. Jaroslav Pokorný, DrSc. 
22.05.202510:30 - 12:00lectureThe Mechanisms of Learning and Memory: Exploring the Theories of Pavlov, Skinner, and Bandura doc. MUDr. Vladimír Riljak, Ph.D. 
1427.05.202512:30 - 14:00lectureBody Rhythms doc. MUDr. Vladimír Riljak, Ph.D. 
28.05.202512:30 - 14:00lectureWaking and Sleeping prof. MUDr. Jaroslav Pokorný, DrSc. 
29.05.202510:30 - 12:00lectureComprehensive Review of Central Nervous System: Insights and Consultationsdoc. MUDr. Vladimír Riljak, Ph.D. 
1503.06.202512:30 - 14:00lectureConsultation doc. MUDr. Vladimír Riljak, Ph.D. 
04.06.202512:30 - 14:00lectureConsultation prof. MUDr. Jaroslav Pokorný, DrSc. 
05.06.202510:30 - 12:00lectureComprehensive Review of Major Physiological Systems: Insights and Consultations doc. MUDr. Vladimír Riljak, Ph.D.