The question of Mycenaean lexical relics in Ancient Greek

• Název práce v češtině: Otázka mykénských lexikálních pozůstatků ve starořečtině
• Název v anglickém jazyce: The question of Mycenaean lexical relics in Ancient Greek
• Klíčová slova: výpůjčky|homérská řečtina|mykénština|řecké dialekty
• Klíčová slova anglicky: borrowings|Homeric Greek|Mycenaean|Greek dialects
• Akademický rok vypsání: 2018/2019
• Typ práce: bakalářská práce
• Jazyk práce: angličtina
• Ústav: Ústav starého Předního východu (21-USPV)
• Vedoucí / školitel: Dr. phil. Reiner Lipp, M.A.
• Řešitel: skrytý - zadáno a potvrzeno stud. odd.
• Datum přihlášení: 26.02.2019
• Datum zadání: 20.03.2019
• Schválení administrátorem: zatím neschvalováno
• Datum potvrzení stud. oddělením: 03.04.2019
• Datum a čas obhajoby: 07.09.2021 10:00
• Datum odevzdání elektronické podoby: 16.08.2021
• Datum proběhlé obhajoby: 07.09.2021
• Odevzdaná/finalizovaná: odevzdaná studentem a finalizovaná
• Oponenti: Mgr. Ján Bakyta, Ph.D.
• Konzultanti: Mgr. Jan Bičovský, Ph.D.

Zásady pro vypracování

The Question of Mycenaean Lexical Relics in Ancient Greek
This thesis discusses the question of possible Mycenaean lexical relics in later Greek. Some words in Ancient Greek show unusual phonological developments for their respective dialects. Thus, they raise the question of interdialectal borrowing. Most of these words, which are attested already in Homer, differ from the expected forms regular for ‘Homerische Kunstsprache’, the language of Homer’s epics, which mainly consists of Ionic and Aeolic dialect elements. In a number of relevant cases they show a treatment characteristic of the so-called strong dialects like Doric. Since Doric is not a part of the Homeric language, these forms must be explained differently.
One of these words is ἵππος ‘horse’, which is used in all Greek dialects, yet its form does not correspond to the regular development of any of these dialects. Interestingly, the expected form †ἔππος (from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ék̑u̯os = Lat. equus) is still reflected in the name of the builder of the Trojan horse Ἐπειός. Another word showing an irregularity is ἁρμόζω ‘to join, fit together’. The denominative suffix -όζω is an oddity, most likely an archaism, as the productive suffixes for denominatives are in -άζω or -ίζω.
These two words are considered to be loanwords from Mycenaean due to the developments of the Mycenaean dialect visible in Linear B – raising of /e/ to /i/ before labials and vocalization of syllabic resonants resulting in a vowel /o/ (*h₂ér-mn̥ > Myc. a-mo ‘wheel’, pl. a-mo-ta ‘wheels’, Ion.Att. ἅρμα, often pl. ἅρματα ‘chariot’).
The main group of the words in question consists of words that show an unexpected result of the first compensatory lengthening (VRs, VsR > V̄R) for the dialects of Homer’s epics. These words belong either to the sacral space like Διώνυσος ‘Dionysus’, κῶμος ‘Dionysiac festive procession’, δήνεα ‘(divine) counsels’, to economy ὦνος ‘price’, or to elevated culture like ὦμος ‘shoulder (also in a dress)’, and ζωμός ‘sauce’. Their long open vowels η/ω point to the development of the strong dialects (the expected outcome would be long close vowels ει/ου for Ionic or gemination of the resonants for Aeolic), and as these dialects do not partake in the Homeric language, the explanation for this development remains unclear.
The solution to this problem offered by G. Dunkel (Dunkel 1995) is to take these words as loanwords from Mycenaean and to regard Mycenaean as a strong dialect. However, for the limitations of the Linear B script the precise result of the first compensatory lengthening in Mycenaean is not directly recognizable from the written evidence. Therefore, in each case it has to be checked if there are alternatives available, in order to evaluate for any single item which solution is more plausible.

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