Tensions Within the Abolitionist Movement in the United States of America

• Název práce v češtině: Rozpory uvnitř abolicionistického hnutí ve Spojených státech amerických
• Název v anglickém jazyce: Tensions Within the Abolitionist Movement in the United States of America
• Klíčová slova: Abolicionismus, rasismus, rasová rovnoprávnost, černošský nacionalismus, kolonizace Afriky, emancipace, rovnoprávnost pohlaví
• Klíčová slova anglicky: Abolitionism, Racism, Racial Equality, Black Nationalism, African Colonization, Emancipation, Gender Equality
• Akademický rok vypsání: 2015/2016
• Typ práce: diplomová práce
• Jazyk práce: angličtina
• Ústav: Ústav anglofonních literatur a kultur (21-UALK)
• Vedoucí / školitel: prof. PhDr. Martin Procházka, CSc.
• Řešitel: skrytý - zadáno a potvrzeno stud. odd.
• Datum přihlášení: 15.02.2016
• Datum zadání: 15.02.2016
• Schválení administrátorem: zatím neschvalováno
• Datum potvrzení stud. oddělením: 17.02.2016
• Datum a čas obhajoby: 01.02.2017 09:00
• Datum odevzdání elektronické podoby: 01.01.2017
• Datum proběhlé obhajoby: 01.02.2017
• Odevzdaná/finalizovaná: odevzdaná studentem a finalizovaná
• Oponenti: Mgr. Pavla Veselá, Ph.D.

Zásady pro vypracování

The thesis will deal with the abolitionist movement in the United States of America from the perspective of inner conflicts within the movement. The aim of the thesis is to discuss the motivations of the abolitionists and consequent tensions among these from two main points of view: that of the white abolitionists and that of the African American abolitionists. The differences in the approach toward the abolition of slavery will be analyzed; great attention will be given to the problem of racism as one of the forces determining the development of the movement.
The abolitionists endeavored to reach the abolition of slavery not only because they found the institution itself very unjust but also because it was based on racism. In practice, however, many abolitionists refused to acknowledge racial equality between white and African American people. This paradox is one of the central problems of American Abolitionism examined in the thesis.
Connected to the racist problematic is the topic of African colonization. The beginnings of the idea as well as its development and propagation articulated by the American Colonization Society will be explored and considered from the perspective of both its defenders and opponents. The religious aspect and its influence upon the abolitionists’ views of the African colonization and the abolitionist movement in general will be discussed in the thesis.
The thesis will aim at finding a connection between the racist problematic within the abolitionist movement and African colonization tendencies and the idea of Black nationalism. The possible influence of the former phenomena upon the development of the latter will be dealt with. In order to do so, the idea of nationalism in its basic sense will be elaborated on. Black nationalism had its supporters as well as objectors and was connected to movements such as the Back-to-Africa movement, which will all be taken into account when relating it to the abolitionist movement.
The thesis will pay attention to the emancipation of women as its development is closely connected to the emancipation of slaves. The voices of women, both white and African American, both free and enslaved, were very loud during the era of the abolitionist movement. Along with the fight for racial equality, the fight for gender equality became significantly relevant and female abolitionists came to be very articulate about their goals.
In the thesis, texts, speeches, and letters by the abolitionists and important politicians will be analyzed and used as sources providing a first hand and direct account of the historical events. Apart from that, fiction and literary works on the edge of fictional and factual literature, such as slave narrative, will be discussed from the point of view of their contribution to the abolitionist movement and of their influence upon the public opinion of slavery. As secondary sources, both earlier critical texts, from the 1960s on, and very new ones will be used in order to gain a complex perspective on the problem. The awareness of the development of the racist problem in the United States in the twentieth century will also provide an interesting standpoint.

Approximate Outline of the Thesis
In the first chapter, the abolitionist movement will be introduced from the point of view of different interests of the abolitionists, based on racial, religious, and gender interests. The movement will be placed in a broader historical and political context, employing, among others, President Lincoln’s speeches and texts.
The second chapter will focus on racism within the abolitionist movement; it will deal with different motivations of white and African American abolitionists to reach the end of the institution of slavery. For this purpose, texts such as David Walker’s Walker’s Appeal, in Four Articles, Together with a Preamble, to the Coloured Citizens of the World, but in Particular, and Very Expressly, to Those of the United States of America and reactions to it will be discussed. Frederick Douglass’ Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass will be analyzed to represent the perspective of a former slave and to show the way of how it affected the movement. The abolitionists’ letters and speeches, especially those by William Lloyd Garrison and by Frederick Douglass will be paid great attention to in order to analyze the conflicts within the movement in detail.
The idea of African colonization will be discussed in the third chapter. Opinions on this phenomenon of both its advocates and opponents will be dealt with and William Lloyd Garrison’s Thoughts on African Colonization will be discussed in detail.
The fourth chapter will be concerned with Black nationalism. First, the general idea of it will be introduced and then, specific texts by Martin Delany, Marcus Garvey, and others will be analyzed. Different approaches towards this idea will be mentioned. This chapter will discuss the connection of the racist tendencies within the abolitionist movement and the development of Black nationalism.
The fifth chapter will deal with the role of women in the abolitionist movement and with their fight for their empowerment and rights during this time period. Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin will represent fiction written by women and its influence upon the movement and her time period will be discussed.

Seznam odborné literatury

Primary Literature (Including Readers and Anthologies)

Barnes, L. Diane. Frederick Douglass: A Life in Documents. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2013.
Blaisdell, Bob. Selected Writings and Speeches of Marcus Garvey. Mineola: Dover Publications, Inc., 2004.
Blassingame, John W. The Frederick Douglass Papers: Series One: Speeches, Debates, and Interviews, Volume 2: 1847-54. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1982.
Chesebrough, David B. Frederick Douglass: Oratory from Slavery. Westport: Greenwood Press, 1998.
Delany, Martin R. Blake or the Huts of America. Boston: Beacon Press, 1971.
Delany, Martin. R. The Condition, Elevation, Emigration, and Destiny of the Colored People of the United States. Baltimore: Black Classic Press, 1993.
Delany, Martin. R. The Origin of Races and Color. Baltimore: Black Classic Press, 1991.
Douglass, Frederick. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass. New York: Dover Publications, Inc, 1995.
Foner, Philip S., and Robert James Branham. Lift Every Voice: African American Oratory, 1787-1900. Tuscaloosa: The University of Alabama Press, 1998.
Fredrickson, George M. William Lloyd Garrison. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1968.
Garvey, Amy Jacques. Philosophy and Opinions of Marcus Garvey or Africa for the Africans. New York: Routledge, 2006.
Garrison, William Lloyd. Thoughts on African Colonization. Charleston: Nabu Press, 2012.
Guelzo, Allen C. Lincoln Speeches. New York: Penguin Books, 2012.
Harrold, Stanley. The Rise of Aggressive Abolitionism: Addresses to the Slaves. Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky, 2004.
Hill, Adelaide Cromwell, and Martin Kilson. Apropos of Africa: Sentiments of Negro American Leaders on Africa from the 1800s to the 1950s. London: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd., 1969.
Levine, Robert S. Marin R. Delany: A Documentary Reader. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2003.
Moses, Wilson Jeremiah. Classical Black Nationalism. New York: New York University Press, 1996.
Stowe, Harriet Beecher. Uncle Tom’s Cabin. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.
Walker, David. Walker’s Appeal, in Four Articles, Together with a Preamble, to the Coloured Citizens of the World, but in Particular, and Very Expressly, to Those of the United States of America. Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina Press, 2011.

Secondary Literature

Abzug, Robert H. “The Influence of Garrisonian Abolitionists’ Fears of Slave Violence on the Antislavery Argument, 1829-40.” The Journal of Negro History 55.1 Jan. 1970: 15-26.
Adeleke, Tunde. Without Regard to Race: The Other Martin Robison Delany. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2003.
Angell, Stephen Ward. Bishop Henry McNeal Turner and African-American Religion in the South. Knoxville: The University of Tennessee Press, 1992.
Apap, Chris. “Let No Man of Us Budge One Step.” Early American Literature 46.2 2011: 319-350.
Barnes, L. Diane. Frederick Douglass: A Life in Documents. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2013.
Bay, Mia, Farah J. Griffin, Martha S. Jones, and Barbara D. Savage. Toward and Intellectual History of Black Women. North Carolina: The University of North Carolina Press, 2015.
Blassingame, John W. The Frederick Douglass Papers: Series One: Speeches, Debates, and Interviews, Volume 2: 1847-54. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1982.
Blassingame, John W., John R. McKivian, and Peter P. Hinks. The Frederick Douglass Papers: Series Two: Autobiographical Writings, Volume 1: Narrative. New Haven, Yale University Press, 1999.
Bracey, John H. Jr., August Meier, and Elliott Rudwick. Black Nationalism in America. New York: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, Inc., 1970.
Chesebrough, David B. Frederick Douglass: Oratory from Slavery. Westport: Greenwood Press, 1998.
Cumbler, John T. From Abolition to Rights for All The Making of a Reform Community in the Nineteenth Century. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2008.
Delany, Martin. R. The Condition, Elevation, Emigration, and Destiny of the Colored People of the United States. Baltimore: Black Classic Press, 1993.
Duberman, Martin. The Antislavery Vanguard: New Essays on the Abolitionists. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1965.
Fredrickson, George M. William Lloyd Garrison. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1968.
Fuller, Paul. Black Methodists in America. USA: America Star Books, Lllp., 2012.
Goodman, Paul. Of One Blood: Abolitionism and the Origins of Racial Equality. Berkeley: University of California Press, Ltd., 1998.
Gordon, Dexter B. Black Identity:Rhetoric, Ideology, and Nineteenth-Century Black Nationalism. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2003.
Guelzo, Allen C. Lincoln Speeches. New York: Penguin Books, 2012.
Harrold, Stanley. American Abolitionists. New York: Routledge, 2014.
Harrold, Stanley. “Violence and Nonviolence in Kentucky Abolitionism.” The Journal of Southern History 57.1 Feb. 1991: 15-38.
Harrold, Stanley. The Abolitionists and the South, 1831-1861. Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky, 1995.
Harrold, Stanley. The Rise of Aggressive Abolitionism: Addresses to the Slaves. Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky, 2004.
Hill, Adelaide Cromwell, and Martin Kilson. Apropos of Africa: Sentiments of Negro American Leaders on Africa from the 1800s to the 1950s. London: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd., 1969.
Jeffrey, Julie Roy. The Great Silent Army of Abolitionism: Ordinary Women in the Antislavery Movement. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1998.
Levine, Robert S. Marin R. Delany: A Documentary Reader. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2003.
Levine, Robert S. Martin Delany, Frederick Douglass, and the Politics of Representative Identity. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1997.
Litwack, Leon, and August Meier. Black Leaders of the Nineteenth Century. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1991.
Martin, Tony. Marcus Garvey, Hero: A First Biography. Dover: The Majority Press, 1983.
Martin, Jr., Waldo E. The Mind of Frederick Douglass. North Carolina: The University of North Carolina Press, 1984.
McCarthy, Timothy Patrick, and Stauffer John. Prophets of Protest: Reconsidering the History of American Abolitionism. New York: The New Press, 2006.
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Mehlinger, Louis R. “The Attitude of the Free Negro Toward African Colonization.” The Journal of Negro History 1.3 Jun. 1916: 276-301.
Mitchell, Beverly Eileen. Black Abolitionism: A Quest for Human Dignity. New York: Orbis Books, 2005.
Moses, Wilson Jeremiah. Classical Black Nationalism. New York: New York University Press, 1996.
Moses, Wilson Jeremiah. The Golden Age of Black Nationalism,1850-1925. New York: Oxford University Press, 1978.
Newman, Richard S. The Transformation of American Abolitionism: Fighting Slavery in the Early Republic. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2002.
Perry, Lewis, and Michael Fellman. Antislavery Reconsidered: New perspectives on the Abolitionists. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1979.
Pierson, Michael D. Free Hearts and Free Homes: Gender and American Antislavery Politics. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2003.
Pinkney, Alphonso. Red, Black, and Green: Black Nationalism in the United States. Crawfordsville: Cambridge University Press, 1976.
Powers, Roger S., and Volege, William B. Protest, Power, and Change: An Encyclopedia of Nonviolent Action from ACT-UP to Women’s Suffrage. New York: Routledge, 2011.
Price, Melanye T. Dreaming Blackness: Black Nationalism and African American Public Opinion. New York: New York University Press, 2009.
Quarles, Benjamin. Black Abolitionists. New York: Oxford University Press, 1969.
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Shortell, Timothy. The Rhetoric of Black Abolitionism: An Exploratory Analysis of Antislavery Newspapers in New York State.” Social Science History 28.1 Spring 2004: 75-109.
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Venet, Wendy Hamand. Neither Ballots Nor Bullets: Women Abolitionists and the Civil War. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1991.
Voss-Hubbard, Mark. “The Political Culture of Emancipation: Morality, Politics, and the State in Garrisonian Abolitionism, 1854-1863.” Journal of American Studies 29.2 Aug 1995: 159-184.
Yee, Shirley J. Black Women Abolitionists: A Study in Activism, 1828-1860. Knoxville: The University of Tennessee Press, 1992.