Tik Tok News: An analysis of users’ perception of journalistic content on Tik Tok

• Název práce v češtině: Tik Tok a zprávy: Analýza vnímání novinářského obsahu na Tik Tok ze strany uživatelů
• Název v anglickém jazyce: Tik Tok News: An analysis of users’ perception of journalistic content on Tik Tok
• Klíčová slova: Tik Tok, vnímání uživatelů, žurnalistika na sociálních sítích, Ambient Journalism, X Journalism, žurnalistika na Tik Tok
• Klíčová slova anglicky: Tik Tok news, user perception, audience research, social media journalism, Ambient Journalism, X Journalism, Journalism on Tik Tok
• Akademický rok vypsání: 2021/2022
• Typ práce: diplomová práce
• Jazyk práce: angličtina
• Ústav: Katedra žurnalistiky (23-KZ)
• Vedoucí / školitel: Mgr. Veronika Macková, Ph.D.
• Řešitel: skrytý - zadáno a potvrzeno stud. odd.
• Datum přihlášení: 04.02.2022
• Datum zadání: 04.02.2022
• Datum potvrzení stud. oddělením: 04.02.2022
• Datum a čas obhajoby: 13.09.2022 09:00
• Místo konání obhajoby: Hollar - Smetanovo nábřeží 6,Praha 1, H011, Hollar - místn. č. 011
• Datum odevzdání elektronické podoby: 31.07.2022
• Datum proběhlé obhajoby: 13.09.2022
• Oponenti: Mgr. Ing. Kateřina Turková, Ph.D.

Seznam odborné literatury

Abidin, C. (2021). Mapping Internet celebrity on TikTok: Exploring attention economies and visibility labours. Cultural Science Journal, 12(1). https://culturalscience.org/articles/10.5334/csci.140/

Basch, C. H., Mohlman, J., Fera, J., Tang, H., Pellicane, A., & Basch, C. E. (2021). Community mitigation of Covid-19 and portrayal of testing on tiktok: descriptive study. JMIR Public Health and Surveillance, 7(6), e29528.

Bossio, D. (2017). Journalism and social media: Practitioners, organisations and institutions. Springer.

Boyd, D. M., & Ellison, N. B. (2007). Social network sites: Definition, history, and scholarship. Journal of computer‐mediated Communication, 13(1), 210-230.

Bucknell Bossen, C., & Kottasz, R. (2020). Uses and gratifications sought by pre-adolescent and adolescent TikTok consumers. Young Consumers, 21(4), 463–478. https://doi.org/10.1108/yc-07-2020-1186

Chen, Q., Min, C., Zhang, W., Ma, X., & Evans, R. (2021). Factors driving citizen engagement with government TikTok accounts during the COVID-19 pandemic: Model development and analysis. Journal of medical internet research, 23(2), e21463.

Clarke, V., Braun, V., & Hayfield, N. (2015). Thematic analysis. Qualitative psychology: A practical guide to research methods, 222, 248.

Conheça o Grupo Folha. Folha de S.Paulo - Grupo Folha. https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/institucional/o_grupo.shtml

Costera Meijer, I. (2020). Understanding the Audience Turn in Journalism: From Quality Discourse to Innovation Discourse as Anchoring Practices 1995–2020. Journalism Studies, 21(16), 2326–2342. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670x.2020.1847681

Folha de S.Paulo. (2021, August 24). Folha lança perfil no TikTok para falar com o público jovem. https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/tec/2021/08/folha-lanca-perfil-no-tiktok-para-falar-com-o-publico-jovem.shtml

Fotis, M. (2020). Satire & the state: sketch comedy and the presidency. Routledge.

Fylan, F. (2005). Semi-structured interviewing. A handbook of research methods for clinical and health psychology, 5(2), 65-78.

Hallanan, L. (2018, March 23). Is Douyin the Right Social Video Platform for Luxury Brands? Jing Daily. https://jingdaily.com/douyin-luxury-brands/

Hatry, H. P., Newcomer, K. E., & Wholey, J. S. (2015). Handbook of Practical Program Evaluation (Essential Texts for Nonprofit and Public Leadership and Management) (4th ed.). Jossey-Bass.

Hermida, A. (2012) 'Social Journalism: Exploring How Social Media are Shaping Journalism', pp. 309-328 in E. Siapera & A. Veglis (eds.), The Handbook of Global Online Journalism. Chischester, UK: Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118313978.ch17

Hermida, A. (2010). Twittering the news: The emergence of ambient journalism. Journalism practice, 4(3), 297-308.

Hermida, A., Fletcher, F., Korell, D., & Logan, D. (2012). SHARE, LIKE, RECOMMEND. Journalism Studies, 13(5–6), 815–824. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670x.2012.664430

Hill, S., & Bradshaw, P. (2018). Understanding the user. In S. Hill & P. Bradshaw (1st ed.) Mobile-First Journalism: Producing News for Social and Interactive Media. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315267210

HISTÓRIA DO GRUPO ESTADO NOS ANOS 1870. Acervo Estadão. https://acervo.estadao.com.br/historia-do-grupo/decada_1870.shtm

Kaye DBV, Chen X, Zeng J. The co-evolution of two Chinese mobile short video apps: Parallel platformization of Douyin and TikTok. Mobile Media & Communication. 2021;9(2):229-253. doi:10.1177/2050157920952120

Koltay, T. (2011). The media and the literacies: media literacy, information literacy, digital literacy. Media, Culture & Society, 33(2), 211–221. https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443710393382

Lawrence, R. G., Radcliffe, D., & Schmidt, T. R. (2017). Practicing Engagement. Journalism Practice, 12(10), 1220–1240. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2017.1391712

Lehman-Wilzig, S. N., & Seletzky, M. (2010). Hard news, soft news, ‘general’ news: The necessity and utility of an intermediate classification. Journalism, 11(1), 37–56. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884909350642

Li, Y., Guan, M., Hammond, P., & Berrey, L. E. (2021). Communicating COVID-19 information on TikTok: a content analysis of TikTok videos from official accounts featured in the COVID-19 information hub. Health education research, 36(3), 261–271. https://doi.org/10.1093/her/cyab010

Liu, B. (2012). Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining. Synthesis Lectures on Human Language Technologies, 5(1), 1–167. https://doi.org/10.2200/s00416ed1v01y201204hlt016

Loosen, W., Ahva, L., Reimer, J., Solbach, P., Deuze, M., & Matzat, L. (2020). ‘X Journalism’.Exploring journalism’s diverse meanings through the names we give it. Journalism, 23(1), 39–58. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884920950090

Lu, X., Lu, Z. (2019). Fifteen Seconds of Fame: A Qualitative Study of Douyin, A Short Video Sharing Mobile Application in China. In: Meiselwitz, G. (eds) Social Computing and Social Media. Design, Human Behavior and Analytics. HCII 2019. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 11578. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21902-4_17

Meikle, G. (2016). Social media: Communication, sharing and visibility. Routledge.

Mejova, Y. (2009). Sentiment analysis: An overview. University of Iowa, Computer Science Department.

Meng, K. S., & Leung, L. (2021). Factors influencing TikTok engagement behaviors in China: An examination of gratifications sought, narcissism, and the Big Five personality traits. Telecommunications Policy, 45(7), 102172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2021.102172

NBC Universal. (2020, June 26). About NBC News Digital. NBC News. https://www.nbcnews.com/information/nbc-news-info/about-nbc-news-digital-n1232178

Nover, S. (2019, December 4). The Washington Post Is All In on TikTok. The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2019/12/washington-post-all-tiktok/602794/

Omar, B. & Dequan, W. (2020). Watch, Share or Create: The Influence of Personality Traits and User Motivation on TikTok Mobile Video Usage. International Association of Online Engineering. Retrieved March 30, 2022 from https://www.learntechlib.org/p/216454/

Pavlik, J. (2000). The Impact of Technology on Journalism. Journalism Studies, 1(2), 229–237. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616700050028226
Reich, H. (2020). TikTok offers connection, comedy and creativity during coronavirus lockdown. ABC, 25 April. Online access at https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-04-25/turning-to-tiktok-during-coronaviruslockdown/12176814

Savic, M. (2021). Research Perspectives on TikTok & Its Legacy Apps| From Musical.ly to TikTok: Social Construction of 2020’s Most Downloaded Short-Video App. International Journal Of Communication, 15, 22. Retrieved from https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/14543
Sensor Tower. (2022). Sensor Tower’s Q4 2021 Data Digest: Worldwide App Downloads Totaled 36.1 Billion Last Quarter. https://sensortower.com/blog/q4-2021-data-digest/

Schneiders, P. (2020). What remains in mind? Effectiveness and efficiency of explainers at conveying information. Media and Communication, 8(1), 218-231.

Sheller, M. (2015). News now: Interface, ambience, flow, and the disruptive spatio-temporalities of mobile news media. Journalism Studies, 16(1), 12-26.

Sheldon, P. (2015). Social media: Principles and applications. Lexington Books.

Southerton, C. (2021) ‘Lip-syncing and saving lives: healthcare workers on TikTok’, International Journal of Communication, 15 (2021), 3248–3268

Staff, W. P. (2021, January 1). About The Post. Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/about-the-post/#history

Staff, W. P. (2021b, January 1). Washington Post company history. Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/company-history/

van Dijk, J. (2013). The culture of connectivity: A critical history of social media. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Vaterlaus, J. M., & Winter, M. (2021). TikTok: an exploratory study of young adults’ uses and gratifications. The Social Science Journal, 1-20. 10.1080/03623319.2021.1969882

Vázquez-Herrero, J., Negreira-Rey, M. C., & López-García, X. (2020). Let’s dance the news! How the news media are adapting to the logic of TikTok. Journalism, 1464884920969092.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884920969092

Yang, Y., & Ha, L. (2021). Why People Use TikTok (Douyin) and How Their Purchase Intentions Are Affected by Social Media Influencers in China: A Uses and Gratifications and Parasocial Relationship Perspective. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 21(3), 297–305. https://doi.org/10.1080/15252019.2021.1995544

Youngblood, S. (2016). Peace journalism principles and practices: Responsibly reporting conflicts, reconciliation, and solutions. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315648019

Zaffarano. (2018). Here’s a running list of publishers and journalists on TikTok. Nieman Lab. https://www.niemanlab.org/reading/heres-a-running-list-of-publishers-and-journalists-on-tiktok/

Zelizer, B. (2019). Why Journalism Is About More Than Digital Technology. Digital Journalism, 7(3), 343–350. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2019.1571932

Zeng, J., Abidin, C., & Schäfer, M. S. (2021). Research perspectives on TikTok and its legacy apps: introduction. International Journal of Communication, 15, 3161-3172. https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/14539

Předběžná náplň práce

Vzhledem k velkému počtu zpravodajských serverů, které se objevují v aplikaci Tik Tok je zásadní další výzkum tohoto formátu publikování zpráv. Diplomová práce se věnuje výzkumu publika, zaměřila se na to, jak uživatelé vnímají a komentují obsah zpravodajství na Tik Toku. Autorka se ve výzkumu zaměřila na kombinaci výzkumných metod a výsledky analyzovala pomocí kvalitativní obsahové analýzy, analýzy sentimentu komentářů pod vybranými příspěvky na Tik Toku, a také hloubkovými polostrukturovanými rozhovory s dvanácti sledujícími na Tik Toku. Výsledky ukazují, že dostupnost, styl, a kreativita jsou důvodem sledovánízpravodajství na Tik Toku. Pro předloženou diplomovou práci bylo vybráno několik médií: NBC News, Washington Post, Folha de S. Paulo a Estadão. Tato studie také navrhla dva možné rámce, do kterých lze zařadit žurnalistiku na sociální síti Tik Tok: (1) Ambient Journalism (Hermida, 2010); a (2) X Journalism (Loosen, Ahva, Reimer, Solbach, Deuze a Matzat, 2020).

Předběžná náplň práce v anglickém jazyce

Considering the significant number of news outlets branching out to the Tik Tok app, more research on this format of news delivery and users' perception is crucial. Through a mixed-method study of qualitative content analysis, sentiment analysis of comments, and semi-structured interviews with 12 followers of each Tik Tok account, this study aimed at understanding how active users perceive the news on Tik Tok. The results show that the Accessibility, Style, Didactics, and Creativity resources are the ones that most encourage people to follow news on Tik Tok and in the specific media chosen for this study: Folha de S. Paulo, Estadão, NBC News, and Washington Post. This study also suggested two possible frameworks in which journalism on Tik Tok can be inserted: (1) Ambient Journalism (Hermida, 2010); and, (2) X Journalism (Loosen, Ahva, Reimer, Solbach, Deuze, and Matzat, 2020).