Demokracie v krizi nezájmu: účinky využití internetových voleb ve volebním procesu vybraných zemí

• Název práce v češtině: Demokracie v krizi nezájmu: účinky využití internetových voleb ve volebním procesu vybraných zemí
• Název v anglickém jazyce: Democracy in the Lack of Interest: the Effects of Remote Internet Voting Implementation in the Electoral Process of Selected Countries
• Klíčová slova: internetové volby; remote internet voting; volební účast; krize demokracie; teorie participace; teorie racionální volby; Estonsko; Švýcarsko; Francie; Norsko; Španělsko
• Klíčová slova anglicky: internet voting; remote internet voting; electoral turnout; crisis of democracy; theory of participation; rational choice theory; Estonia; Switzerland; France; Norway; Spain
• Akademický rok vypsání: 2011/2012
• Typ práce: disertační práce
• Jazyk práce: čeština
• Ústav: Katedra politologie (23-KP)
• Vedoucí / školitel: PhDr. Petr Jüptner, Ph.D.
• Řešitel: skrytý - zadáno a potvrzeno stud. odd.
• Datum přihlášení: 07.12.2015
• Datum zadání: 07.12.2015
• Datum potvrzení stud. oddělením: 07.12.2015
• Datum a čas obhajoby: 29.02.2016 00:00
• Datum odevzdání elektronické podoby: 07.12.2015
• Datum proběhlé obhajoby: 29.02.2016
• Oponenti: doc. PhDr. Miloš Brunclík, Ph.D.

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Předběžná náplň práce

Disertační práce s názvem Demokracie v krizi nezájmu: účinky využití internetových voleb ve volebním procesu vybraných zemí reflektuje fenomén posledních několika dekád – inkorporace nových médií do politického procesu. Internetové volby jsou jedním z mnoha navrhovaných řešení tzv. krize demokracie, které mají uţivatelským komfortem zabránit vytrvalému propadu volební účasti v pokročilých demokraciích. Celou akademickou diskuzi bychom mohli jednoduše shrnout do jediné otázky: je moţné, aby způsob odevzdání hlasu měl takový vliv na účast voličů, ţe bychom mohli najít signifikantně-pozitivní změny ve volební účasti ve státech či oblastech, kde bylo umoţněno hlasování skrze internetovou síť? V úvodu práce je diskutována teorie volební účasti a občanské participace s ohledem na fenomén krize demokracie, která je demonstrována na základě jak jiţ provedených synchronně-diachronních studí, tak vlastní analýzou voleb druhého řádu v Evropě (volby do Evropského parlamentu). Na základě debaty ohledně tzv. sporu o gradaci absence voličů diskutuji vhodný teoreticko-metodologický rámec pro výzkum vlivu internetových voleb na účast občanů ve vybraných státech. Pro identifikaci možných benefitů využívám teorii racionální volby s důrazem na identifikaci fyzických a institucionálních bariér během hlasovacího procesu. V historicko-analytické části se zabývám původem a použitím jednotlivých hlasovacích technik a jejich procesní podobnostem s internetovými volbami. Tato kapitola čtenáři přináší nejen historický vývoj hlasovacích technik od starověkého Řecka dodnes, ale i analýzu úspěšnosti nových progresivních hlasovacích metod a jejich podobnost s internetovým hlasováním. Třetí empiricko-analytická rozebírá implementaci internetových voleb v pěti evropských státech (Estonsko, Švýcarsko, Francie, Norsko a Španělsko). V jednotlivých případových studiích se jsou podrobně rozebrány důvody implementace RIV, rozsah zahrnutého elektorátu, technické řešení internetového hlasování, výsledky pilotních testů a účinky implementace RIV na účast voličů a segmentu nejmladších voličů do 26 let. Z provedených analýz vyplývá, že ve většině případů není možné přesvědčivě doložit pozitivně-signifikantní vliv internetových voleb na celkovou volební účast ani pozitivně-mobilizační potenciál RIV vzhledem k nejmladší skupině voličů.

Předběžná náplň práce v anglickém jazyce

The dissertation thesis named Democracy in the Lack of Interest: the Effects of Remote Internet Voting Implementation in the Electoral Process of Selected States reflects the phenomenon of the last decade - incorporation of new media into the political process. Internet voting is one of the discussed and suggested solutions of the so-called crisis of democracy, which could possibly stop the negative trend of diminishing voter turnout in advanced western democracies. The entire academic debate can be summarized into one question: It is possible, that the way of ballot casting can affect the voter turnout in that scale, that we can recognize a significant-positive switch in the longtime turnout progression in the states and areas, where is possible to use internet voting for ballot casting?
In the begging we discussed the theory of voter turnout and the theory of voter participation from the scope of the crisis of democracy phenomenon, which is demonstrated on the already made synchronous-diachronic studies and an our own analysis of the European elections in years 1997-2014. On the basis of the debate concerning the gradation of the number of absenting voters we discuss the proper theoretical-methodological scope for researching the effects of remote internet voting implementation into the electoral process of selected states. For the identification of the possible benefits, we employed the rational choice theory with emphasis on the identification of physical and institutional barriers in the electoral process. In the historical-analytical part we deal with the origin and usage of the different ballot casting methods and its similarities with internet voting. This chapter gives the reader a historical overview of the development of various voting methods from ancient Greece to the present day, while also analyzing the success of progressive ballot casting methods. The third, empirically-analytical part deals with internet voting implementation in five European counties (Estonia, Switzerland, France, Norway and Spain). The separate case studies analyze in detail the reasons of RIV implementation, the scale of included electorate, the technical solution for internet voting, the results of pilot testing and the effect that RIV implementation had on voter turnout in the youngest segment of voters under 26 years. The analysis discovered, that in most cases it is not possible to conclusively demonstrate the positive and significant effects on the overall voter turnout after RIV implementation, or a clearly positive mobilization potential among the youngest group of voters.