Francie jako aktér v Arktidě

• Název práce v češtině: Francie jako aktér v Arktidě
• Název v anglickém jazyce: France in the Arctic
• Klíčová slova: Arktida, Francie, francouzská arktická politika, teorie politických narativů, Arktická rada, klimatická změna
• Klíčová slova anglicky: The Arctic, France, French Arctic policy, narrative policy framework, Arctic council, climate change
• Akademický rok vypsání: 2021/2022
• Typ práce: bakalářská práce
• Jazyk práce: čeština
• Ústav: Katedra politologie (23-KP)
• Vedoucí / školitel: PhDr. Michael Romancov, Ph.D.
• Řešitel: skrytý - zadáno vedoucím/školitelem
• Datum přihlášení: 23.05.2022
• Datum zadání: 24.05.2022
• Datum a čas obhajoby: 06.06.2023 09:00
• Místo konání obhajoby: Jinonice - Nový Kampus, B330, 330, seminární místnost IMS(part IPS)
• Datum odevzdání elektronické podoby: 03.05.2023
• Datum proběhlé obhajoby: 06.06.2023
• Oponenti: doc. Michel Perottino, Ph.D.

Seznam odborné literatury

Oficiální zdroje státních institucí
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COINTAT, Christian. Rapport d'information sur la présence française en Arctique, Antarctique et dans les Terres australes [online]. Paříž: Sénat. Commission des lois constitutionnelles, de législation, du suffrage universel, du règlement et d'administration générale, 2007, 50 [cit. 2023-04-19]. Dostupné z: https://www.vie-publique.fr/rapport/29520-presence-francaise-en-arctique-antarctique-et-terres-australes.

FRENCH MINISTRY FOR EUROPE AND FOREIGN AFFAIRS. The Great Challenge of the Arctic [online]. Paříž, 2016 [cit. 2023-04-19]. Dostupné z: https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/dossiers-pays/arctique/la-france-adopte-une-feuille-de-route-pour-l-arctique/.

GATTOLIN, André. Rapport d'information sur la politique de l'Union européenne pour l'Arctique [online]. Paříž: Sénat. Commission des affaires européennes, 2017 [cit. 2023-04-19]. Dostupné z: https://www.vie-publique.fr/rapport/36532-union-europeenne-et-arctique-pour-une-politique-ambitieuse-et-etoffee.

GATTOLIN, André. Rapport d'information sur les stratégies européennes dans l'Arctique [online]. Paříž: Sénat. Commission des affaires européennes, 2014 [cit. 2023-04-19]. Dostupné z: https://www.vie-publique.fr/rapport/34154-rapport-sur-les-strategies-europeennes-dans-l-arctique.

GAUDIN, Christian. France’s position with regard to the international issues surrounding polar research : the case of Antarctica. Parliamentary Office for the Evaluation of Scientific and Technological Choices [online]. Paříž, 2007, 91-92 [cit. 2023-04-19]. Dostupné z: https://www.senat.fr/opecst/english_report_polar_research/english_report_polar_research6.html.

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GOVERNMENT OFFICES OF SWEDEN. Sweden's strategy for the Arctic Region 2020. Government Offices of Sweden: Sweden's strategy for the Arctic Region [online]. Stockholm, 2011 [cit. 2022-11-08]. Dostupné z: https://www.government.se/country-and-regional-strategies/2011/10/swedens-strategy-for-the-arctic-region/.

GUEHENNO, Jean-Marie. Livre blanc sur la défense et la sécurité nationale 2013 [online]. Paříž: Présidence de la République. Commission du Livre blanc sur la Défense et la Sécurité nationale, 2013, 25 [cit. 2023-04-19]. Dostupné z: https://www.vie-publique.fr/rapport/33131-livre-blanc-sur-la-defense-et-la-securite-nationale-2013.

JUPPÉ, Alain a Louis SCHWEITZER. La France et l'Europe dans le monde: Livre blanc sur la politique étrangère et européenne de la France 2008 - 2020 [online]. Paříž: Présidence de la République. Premier ministre. Ministère des Affaires étrangères et européennes, 2008 [cit. 2023-04-19]. Dostupné z: https://www.vie-publique.fr/rapport/29950-la-france-et-leurope-dans-le-monde-livre-blanc-sur-la-politique-etran.

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MINISTRY FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF ICELAND. Iceland’s Policy on Matters Concerning the Arctic Region. Government of Iceland [online]. Reykjavík, 2021 [cit. 2023-01-30]. Dostupné z: https://www.government.is/publications/reports/report/2021/10/15/Icelands-Policy-on-Matters-Concerning-the-Arctic-Region/.

MINISTRY OF ARMED FORCES. Climate & Defence Strategy [online]. Paříž, 2022 [cit. 2023-04-19]. Dostupné z: https://www.defense.gouv.fr/strategie-climat-defense.

MINISTRY OF ARMED FORCES. France and the New Strategic Challenges in the Arctic [online]. Paříž: Direction générale des relations internationales et de la stratégie, 2019 [cit. 2023-04-19]. Dostupné z: https://www.defense.gouv.fr/dgris/actualites/publication-plaquette-france-nouveaux-enjeux-strategiques-arctique.
MINISTRY OF EARTH SCIENCES. India's Arctic Policy 2022. Ministry of Earth Sciences [online]. Nové Dillí, 2022 [cit. 2023-01-30]. Dostupné z: https://www.moes.gov.in/node/5906.

MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF DENMARK. Foreign and security policy strategy. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark [online]. Kodaň, 2011 [cit 2023-01-30]. Dostupné z: https://um.dk/en/foreign-policy/foreign-and-security-policy-strategy-2022.

MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS. The Netherlands’ Polar Strategy 2021-2025: Prepared for Change. Government of the Netherlands [online]. Amsterdam, 2021 [cit. 2023-01-30]. Dostupné z: https://www.government.nl/documents/publications/2021/03/01/polar-strategy.

NORWEGIAN MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS, NORWEGIAN MINISTRY OF REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND DIGITALISATION, NORWEGIAN MINISTRY OF TRADE AND INDUSTRY A NORWEGIAN MINISTRY OF FISHERIES AND SEAFOOD. The Norwegian Government's Arctic Policy: People, opportunities and Norwegian interests in the Arctic. Government.no [online]. Oslo, 2021 [cit. 2023-01-30]. Dostupné z: https://www.regjeringen.no/en/dokumenter/arctic_policy/id2830120/.

NORWEGIAN MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS. The Norwegian Government's High North Strategy.: Government.no [online]. Oslo, 2006 [cit. 2023-01-30]. Dostupné z: https://www.regjeringen.no/en/dokumenter/The-Norwegian-Governments-High-North-Strategy/id440285/.

POIVRE D'ARVOR, Olivier. Équilibrer les extrêmes - Stratégie polaire de la France à horizon 2030 [online]. Paříž: Premier ministre, 2022 [cit. 2023-04-19]. Dostupné z: https://www.vie-publique.fr/rapport/284717-strategie-polaire-de-la-france-horizon-2030.

POLAR REGIONS DEPARTMENT. Beyond the Ice: UK policy towards the Arctic. GOV.UK [online]. Londýn, 2018 [cit. 2023-01-30]. Dostupné z: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/beyond-the-ice-uk-policy-towards-the-arctic.

RUSSIAN GOVERNMENT. Basics of the State Policy of the Russian Federation in the Arctic for the Period till 2020 and for a Further Perspective. The Arctic Governance Project [online]. 2008 [cit. 2023-01-30]. Dostupné z: https://arcticgovernance.custompublish.com/russia-basics-of-the-state-policy-of-the-russian-federation-in-the-arctic-for-the-period-till-2020-and-for-a-further-perspective.4651232-142902.html.

THE HEADQUARTERS FOR OCEAN POLICY. Japan’s Arctic Policy [online]. Tokio, 2015 [cit. 2023-01-30]. Dostupné z: https://www8.cao.go.jp/ocean/english/arctic/pdf/japans_ap_e.pdf.

UNITED STATES CONGRESS. Arctic Research and Policy Act of 1984. Congress.gov [online]. Washington, D.C., 2012 [cit. 2022-11-08]. Dostupné z: https://www.congress.gov/bill/98th-congress/senate-bill/373.

WHITE HOUSE OFFICE. Homeland Security Presidential Directive 25: Arctic Region Policy. Homeland Security Digital Library [online]. Washington D.C., 2009 [cit. 2023-01-30]. Dostupné z: https://www.hsdl.org/c/abstract/?docid=232474.

WHITE HOUSE OFFICE. National Strategy for the Arctic Region. The White House [online]. Washington D.C., 2022 [cit. 2023-01-30]. Dostupné z: https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/10/07/fact-sheet-the-united-states-national-strategy-for-the-arctic-region/.
Oficiální zdroje mezinárodních organizací
ARCTIC COUNCIL. Arctic Council Rules of Procedure. The Arctic Council [online]. Iqaluit, 1998 [cit. 2023-01-30]. Dostupné z: https://oaarchive.arctic-council.org/handle/11374/940.

ARCTIC COUNCIL. Declaration on the Establishment of the Arctic Council. The Arctic Council[online]. Ottawa, 1996 [cit. 2023-01-30]. Dostupné z: https://oaarchive.arctic-council.org/handle/11374/85.

EUROPEAN COMMISSION. EU's Arctic Policy: Questions and Answers. European Commission[online]. Brusel, 2012 [cit. 2022-11-08]. Dostupné z: https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/MEMO_12_517.
Finnish Government. Finland’s Strategy for Arctic Policy. Arctic Finland [online]. Helsinky, 2019 [cit. 2022-11-08]. Dostupné z: https://www.arcticfinland.fi/EN/Policy.

INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION. International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters: Polar Code [online]. Londýn, 2017 [cit. 2023-04-19]. Dostupné z: https://www.imo.org/en/ourwork/safety/pages/polar-code.aspx.
Odborná literatura
ALLAN, Iona. Arctic Narratives and Political Values: Arctic States, China and NATO [online]. Riga: NATO Strategic Communications Centre of Excellence, 2020 [cit. 2023-04-10]. ISBN 978-9934-564-79-6. Dostupné z: https://stratcomcoe.org/publications/arctic-narratives-and-political-values-arctic-states-china-and-nato/44.

ARCTIC. Twentieth Anniversary of Expéditions Polaires Françaises (Missions Paul-Emile Victor). Arctic [online]. Calgary: Arctic Institute of North America, 1968, 21(2) [cit. 2023-04-19]. Dostupné z: https://www.jstor.org/stable/40507499.

CONNOLLY, Gerald E. NATO and Security in the Arctic. NATO Parliamentary Assembly [online]. Brusel, 2017 [cit. 2023-01-30]. Dostupné z: https://www.nato-pa.int/document/2017-nato-and-security-arctic-connolly-report-172-pctr-17-e-rev1-fin.

GALIMULLIN, Eduard a Yuri MATVEENKO. The ongoing formation of Russia’s Arctic policy: a new stage? [online]. 2019 [cit. 2023-04-24]. Dostupné z: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337316351_The_ongoing_formation_of_Russia%27s_Arctic_policy_a_new_stage.

JONES, Michael D. a Mark K. MCBETH. A Narrative Policy Framework: Clear Enough to Be Wrong?. Policy Studies Journal [online]. 2010, 2010, 38(2), 329-353 [cit. 2023-04-10]. ISSN 0190292X. Dostupné z: doi:10.1111/j.1541-0072.2010.00364.x.

PELAUDEIX, Cécile. Along the Road: China in the Arctic. European Union Institute for Security Studies [online]. 2018, (13) [cit. 2023-01-31]. Dostupné z: https://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep21468.

RUSSIA MARITIME STUDIES INSTITUTE, Anna DAVIS a Ryan VEST. Foundations of the Russian Federation State Policy in the Arctic for the Period up to 2035. U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons [online]. Newport, 2020 [cit. 2022-11-08]. Dostupné z: https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/rmsi_research/5/.

SULLIVAN, William K. Soviet Strategy and NATO'S Northern Flank. Naval War College Review[online]. 1979, 32(4), 27 [cit. 2023-04-10]. Dostupné z: https://www.jstor.org/stable/44641912.

TAITHE, Alexandre, Isabel FACON, Patrick HÉBRARD a Bruno TERTRAIS. Arctique: perspectives stratégiques et militaires. Fondation pour la Recherche Stratégique: Recherches & Documents [online]. Levallois-Perret, 2013, 2013(3) [cit. 2023-04-19]. Dostupné z: https://www.frstrategie.org/publications/recherches-et-documents/arctique-perspectives-strategiques-militaires-2013.

WEISS, Erik D. Cold War Under the Ice: The Army’s Bid for a Long-Range Nuclear Role, 1959–1963. Journal of Cold War Studies [online]. 2001, 3(3), 32-49 [cit. 2023-04-10]. Dostupné z: https://www.jstor.org/stable/26925134.

YOUNG, Oran R. Governing the Arctic: From Cold War Theater to Mosaic of Cooperation. Global Governance [online]. 2005, 11(1), 11-14 [cit. 2023-04-10]. Dostupné z: https://www.jstor.org/stable/27800550.

YOUNG, Oran R. Shifting Ground: Competing Policy Narratives and the Future of the Arctic. In: SPOHR, Kristina a Daniel S. HAMILTON. The Arctic and World Order [online]. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 2021, s. 47-59 [cit. 2023-04-10]. ISBN 9780999740682. Dostupné z: https://transatlanticrelations.org/publications/the-arctic-and-world-order/.
Internetové zdroje
BAUDU, Pauline. Revitalizing France’s Sight on the High North: Arctic Environmental and Security Elements of the New French Polar Strategy. The Arctic Institute: Center for Circumpolar Security Studies [online]. Washington, D.C., 2022 [cit. 2023-04-19]. Dostupné z: https://www.thearcticinstitute.org/revitalizing-france-sight-high-north-arctic-environmental-security-elements-new-french-polar-strategy/.

BRITANNICA. Saint-Pierre and Miquelon. Encyclopaedia Britannica [online]. 2022 [cit. 2023-04-19]. Dostupné z: https://www.britannica.com/place/Saint-Pierre-and-Miquelon.



DAMS, Ties a Louise VAN SCHAIK. The Arctic Elephant: Why Europe must address the geopolitics of the high north. Clingendael [online]. Amsterdam, 2019 [cit. 2023-01-30].
Dostupné z: https://www.clingendael.org/publication/arctic-elephant-europe-geopolitics-high-north.

INSTITUT POLAIRE. Discovering the Arctic: Geography and geology. Institut Polar Français: Paul-Émile Victor [online]. Plouzané [cit. 2022-11-08]. Dostupné z: https://institut-polaire.fr/en/arctic/discover-the-arctic/.

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THE ARCTIC INSTITUTE. France: Facts and Figures. The Arctic Institute: Center for Circumpolar Security Studies [online]. Washington, D.C., 2022 [cit. 2023-04-19]. Dostupné z: https://www.thearcticinstitute.org/country-backgrounders/france/.

Předběžná náplň práce

Zatímco dříve byla Arktida vnímána jako prostor pro mezinárodní spolupráci, globální oteplování dramaticky změnilo povahu regionu. Změnily se tedy jak klíčové body arktické debaty a její účastnící, tak celkový narativ. Cílem této práce je zjistit, zda Francie reflektuje tuto proměnu arktického narativu a upravuje dle ní svoji vlastní politiku a pokud ano, jak. Francie o region jeví zájem již dlouho a její dlouholetá přítomnost v regionu z ní činí velmi důležitého aktéra. Přestože postrádá teritorium v oblasti, jedná se o bohatý a vlivný stát, jehož role je dosavadní literaturou poměrně zanedbávána. Zároveň se jedná o členský stát Evropské Unie a Organizace Severoatlantické smlouvy. Jako taková reprezentuje Francie nejen své vlastní zájmy, ale je i limitována a usměrňována výše zmíněným členstvím. Dalším motivem pro výběr Francie je doba její přítomnosti v regionu. S počátkem v roce 2000 pokrývá téměř celé zkoumané období a její strategie je tak dobrým indikátorem popsaného jevu. Přestože Francie soustředí svoji arktickou politiku zejména okolo vědecké činnosti, stejně jako ostatní státy začala zahrnovat i oblasti energetického průmyslu či bezpečnosti. Inkluze těchto témat slouží jako jeden z hlavních argumentů pro výše zmíněný jev a popis jejich začlenění, stejně jako jejich praktický dopad je proto cílem této práce. Postupná proměna francouzské arktické strategie by měla reflektovat změny v chápání regionu, k nimž od počátku milénia dochází.

Předběžná náplň práce v anglickém jazyce

While the Arctic was previously seen as a space for international cooperation, global warming has dramatically changed the nature of the region. Thus, both the key points and participants in the Arctic debate and the overall narrative have changed. The aim of this paper is to determine whether France is reflecting this change in the Arctic narrative and adjusting its own policy accordingly, and if so, how. France has long been interested in the region and its long-standing presence in the region makes it a very important actor. Although it lacks territory in the region, it is a rich and influential state whose role has been relatively neglected by the existing literature. It is also a member state of the European Union and the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation. As such, France not only represents its own interests, but is also limited and guided by the aforementioned membership. Another motive for choosing France is the length of its presence in the region. Starting in 2000, it covers almost the entire period under study and its strategy is thus a good indicator of the phenomenon described. Although France centers its Arctic policy mainly around scientific activities, like other states it has started to include the energy industry or security. The inclusion of these themes serves as one of the main arguments for the above-mentioned phenomenon and a description of their inclusion as well as their practical impact is therefore the aim of this paper. The gradual transformation of the French Arctic strategy should reflect the changes in the understanding of the region that have taken place since the beginning of the millennium.