THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF TATMADAW: Are Natural Resources A Barrier To An Economic Transition In Myanmar?
| Název práce v češtině: | THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF TATMADAW: Are Natural Resources A Barrier To An Economic Transition In Myanmar? |
|---|---|
| Název v anglickém jazyce: | THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF TATMADAW: Are Natural Resources A Barrier To An Economic Transition In Myanmar? |
| Klíčová slova: | Myanmar, Tatmadaw, Economy, Free Market Economy, Economic Freedom, Natural Resources, China. |
| Klíčová slova anglicky: | Myanmar, Tatmadaw, Economy, Free Market Economy, Economic Freedom, Natural Resources, China. |
| Akademický rok vypsání: | 2016/2017 |
| Typ práce: | diplomová práce |
| Jazyk práce: | angličtina |
| Ústav: | Katedra politologie (23-KP) |
| Vedoucí / školitel: | doc. Ing. Vladimír Benáček, CSc. |
| Řešitel: | skrytý - zadáno vedoucím/školitelem |
| Datum přihlášení: | 22.05.2017 |
| Datum zadání: | 22.05.2017 |
| Datum a čas obhajoby: | 28.06.2018 00:00 |
| Místo konání obhajoby: | Jinonice - U Kříže 8, Praha 5, J3093, Jinonice - místn. č. 3093 |
| Datum odevzdání elektronické podoby: | 11.05.2018 |
| Datum proběhlé obhajoby: | 28.06.2018 |
| Oponenti: | Ivan Růžička, M.Sc., Ph.D. |
| Kontrola URKUND: | |
| Zásady pro vypracování |
| According to the guidelines for IEPS students. |
| Seznam odborné literatury |
| Anty, Richard M. and Alan H. Gelb, 2001. Political Economy of Resource-Abundant States. In Resource Abundance and Economic Development, Edited by R. M. Auty. UK: Oxford University Press.
Auty, Richard. M., 1994. Industrial policy reform in six large newly industrializing countries: the resource curse thesis. World Development, 22, 11-26. Baker, Raymond W., 2005. Capitalism’s Achilles Heel: Dirty Money and How to Renew the Free-Market System. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Callahan, Mary P., 2007. Political Authority in Burma's Ethnic Minority States: Devolution, Occupation, and Coexistence. Policy Studies 31. Washington: East-West Center Washington. Frankel, Jeffrey, 2010. The Natural Resource Curse: A Survey. Harvard: Faculty Research Working Paper Series. Grossman, Gregory, 1963. Notes for a Theory of the Command Economy. Soviet Studies, Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 101-123. Havrylyshyn, Oleh, 2013. Is The Transition Over?: A definition and some measurements. In Handbook of the Economics and Political Economy of Transition. Ed. Paul Hare and Gerard Turley. USA: Routledge. Li, Kui-Wai, 2002. Capitalist Development and Economism in East Asia: The rise of Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, and South Korea. London: Routledge. Lipset, Seymour Martin, 1959. Some Social Requisites of Democracy: Economic Development and Political Legitimacy. The American Political Science Review: Vol. 53, No. 1, pp. 69-105. Mau, Vladimir, 2013. Central Planning in the Soviet System, In Handbook of the Economics and Political Economy of Transition, Edited by Paul Hare and Gerard Turley. NY: Routledge. Miller, T. et al., 2016. 2016 Index of Economic Freedom, Washington, DC: The Heritage Foundation and Dow Jones & Company, Inc. Miller, T., and Kim, A. B., 2017. 2017 Index of Economic Freedom, Institute for Economic Freedom. DC: The Heritage Foundation. Murshed, S. Mansoob, 2001. Short-Run Models of Contrasting Natural Resource Endowments, in Resource Abundance and Economic Development, Edited by R. M. Auty. UK: Oxford University Press. Myoe, Maung Aung, 2009. Building the Tatmadaw: Myanmar Armed Forces Since 1948. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. Newman, Michael, 2005. Socialism: A Very Short Introduction. New York: Oxford University Press. Otteson, James R., 2014. The End of Socialism. USA: Cambridge University Press. Ross, Michael L., 2001. Does Oil Hinder Democracy? World Politics 53: 325 – 361. — 2011. Will Oil Drown the Arab Spring? Democracy and the Resource Curse. Foreign Affair, Volume 9o. (November 5). Sachs, Jeffrey. D. and Andrew M. Warner, 1995. Natural resource abundance and economic growth. NBER: Working Paper No. 5398. Silverstein, Josef, 1997. Burma: the Military rule and the Politics of Stagnation, NY: Cornell University Press. Smith, Martin, 1999. Burma and the Politics of Ethnicity. London: ZED Books. Smith, Adam, 1776. An Inquiry into The Nature and Causes of The Wealth of Nations. Edited by Cannon E. Svejnar, Jan, 1999. The Transition Is Not Over, But Note The Merits of the Central European Model, in When Is Transition Over? Edited by Annette N. Brown. MI: W.E. Upjohn Institute. Taylor, Robert H., 1998. Myanmar: military politics and the prospects for democratization. Asian Affairs. Than, Tin Maung Maung, 2007. State Dominance in Myanmar: The Political Economy of Industrialization. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. Woods, Kevin, 2011. Ceasefire Capitalism: military-private partnerships, resource concessions and military-state building in the Burma-China borderlands. Journal of Peasant Studies 38(4): 747-70. Zin, Min, 2003. "Waiting for an Industrial Revolution." Irrawaddy, [online] August. Available at: < http://www2.irrawaddy.com/article.php?art_id=3049&page=3> [Accessed 12 May 2017]. |
| Předběžná náplň práce |
| The paper aims to achieve the positive impacts of free market system in Myanmar economy in which the absence of the military regime (Tatmadaw) intervention in the state’s economy. Myanmar economy, enterprises, and markets have been centrally managed by Tatmadaw for many decades. The centrally planned market economy gives no space for individuals to pursue their self-interests and benefit from the invisible hand of the market. The inspiration for the paper is that the economy works without any interference so that the country will be prosperous and the level of poverty can be curtailed.
The objectives of the paper are to reduce the degree of military intervention in the state’s economy by analyzing a barrier to the economic transition. The thesis will analyze the natural resource sectors whether the resources are major incentive for Tatmadaw to remain in the economy. Another objective is to give the possible solution to eliminate the level of intervention in the economy by evaluating the degrees of interference of the military in the state economy which induces the absence of invisible hand mechanism and how it creates the market failures. The paper also tries to address the problem of interference of military in the economy by laying down the possible solutions. The paper fleshes out the core concept of the free market how it affects individuals and society. The paper addresses the following research questions: “Are natural resources the barrier to an economic transition in Myanmar?” and “How does Tatmadaw control the natural resource in Myanmar?” Working hypotheses: The hypotheses of the paper are; (1) “The abundance of natural resources is a barrier and not an incentive to economic transition towards prosperous entrepreneurial society.” (2) “Natural resource are an important tool of the military in Myanmar to demobilize ethnic armed groups by granting business concessions that become a part of a continued military power-game.” (3) “Natural resources partially trigger and fuel to civil war between the military and ethnic armed groups due to contesting resource grabs.” and (4) “China’s resource hunger is conducive to the military to exploit natural resources”. Methodology: This thesis employs a single-case study on the natural resource extraction. The methodology involves a descriptive analysis of the military’s involvement in extracting natural resources to capture the volume of military’s participation in the economy. The thesis will use “narratives” by deploying simple data. The policy part of this thesis will be prescriptive and partially normative: pointing out “what should be done” in order to satisfy some objectives. The research relies on sources such as research papers from the Global Witness reports, National Resource Governance Institute's reports, the Union of Myanmar Economic Holdings Limited (UMEHL) Director’s Report and other. The data from these reports are used to substantiate the outcome of Myanmar economy where Tatmadaw interferes with it. The thesis also uses economic data—such as gross domestic product (GDP), exports and imports, and taxes —generated by institutions such as the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and the Asian Development Bank (ADB). The thesis also employs the comparative method to capture the differentiation between Myanmar and its neighboring peers on economic freedom and its outcome by studying different indexes such as Index of Economic Freedom, GDP per capita indicator and corruption perception index and so on. Outline: Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: Literature Review Chapter 3: A Brief History of Myanmar Economy Chapter 4: Analytical Framework Chapter 5: Methodology Chapter 6: Natural Resources Chapter 7: Purposes and Consequences of Resource Control Chapter 8: Possible Solutions Chapter 9: Conclusion |
| Předběžná náplň práce v anglickém jazyce |
| The paper aims to achieve the positive impacts of free market system in Myanmar economy in which the absence of the military regime (Tatmadaw) intervention in the state’s economy. Myanmar economy, enterprises, and markets have been centrally managed by Tatmadaw for many decades. The centrally planned market economy gives no space for individuals to pursue their self-interests and benefit from the invisible hand of the market. The inspiration for the paper is that the economy works without any interference so that the country will be prosperous and the level of poverty can be curtailed.
The objectives of the paper are to reduce the degree of military intervention in the state’s economy by analyzing a barrier to the economic transition. The thesis will analyze the natural resource sectors whether the resources are major incentive for Tatmadaw to remain in the economy. Another objective is to give the possible solution to eliminate the level of intervention in the economy by evaluating the degrees of interference of the military in the state economy which induces the absence of invisible hand mechanism and how it creates the market failures. The paper also tries to address the problem of interference of military in the economy by laying down the possible solutions. The paper fleshes out the core concept of the free market how it affects individuals and society. The paper addresses the following research questions: “Are natural resources the barrier to an economic transition in Myanmar?” and “How does Tatmadaw control the natural resource in Myanmar?” Working hypotheses: The hypotheses of the paper are; (1) “The abundance of natural resources is a barrier and not an incentive to economic transition towards prosperous entrepreneurial society.” (2) “Natural resource are an important tool of the military in Myanmar to demobilize ethnic armed groups by granting business concessions that become a part of a continued military power-game.” (3) “Natural resources partially trigger and fuel to civil war between the military and ethnic armed groups due to contesting resource grabs.” and (4) “China’s resource hunger is conducive to the military to exploit natural resources”. Methodology: This thesis employs a single-case study on the natural resource extraction. The methodology involves a descriptive analysis of the military’s involvement in extracting natural resources to capture the volume of military’s participation in the economy. The thesis will use “narratives” by deploying simple data. The policy part of this thesis will be prescriptive and partially normative: pointing out “what should be done” in order to satisfy some objectives. The research relies on sources such as research papers from the Global Witness reports, National Resource Governance Institute's reports, the Union of Myanmar Economic Holdings Limited (UMEHL) Director’s Report and other. The data from these reports are used to substantiate the outcome of Myanmar economy where Tatmadaw interferes with it. The thesis also uses economic data—such as gross domestic product (GDP), exports and imports, and taxes —generated by institutions such as the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and the Asian Development Bank (ADB). The thesis also employs the comparative method to capture the differentiation between Myanmar and its neighboring peers on economic freedom and its outcome by studying different indexes such as Index of Economic Freedom, GDP per capita indicator and corruption perception index and so on. Outline: Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: Literature Review Chapter 3: A Brief History of Myanmar Economy Chapter 4: Analytical Framework Chapter 5: Methodology Chapter 6: Natural Resources Chapter 7: Purposes and Consequences of Resource Control Chapter 8: Possible Solutions Chapter 9: Conclusion |