Kosovo: Sovereign, Unrecognized or Failed State?

• Název v anglickém jazyce: Kosovo: Sovereign, Unrecognized or Failed State?
• Klíčová slova: Kosovo, international recognition, territorial sovereignty, parent state
• Klíčová slova anglicky: Kosovo, international recognition, territorial sovereignty, parent state
• Akademický rok vypsání: 2013/2014
• Typ práce: diplomová práce
• Jazyk práce: angličtina
• Ústav: Katedra politologie (23-KP)
• Vedoucí / školitel: doc. Martin Riegl, Ph.D.
• Řešitel: skrytý - zadáno vedoucím/školitelem
• Datum přihlášení: 04.06.2014
• Datum zadání: 04.06.2014
• Datum a čas obhajoby: 22.06.2015 00:00
• Místo konání obhajoby: IPS FSV UK, U kříže 8/661 158 00 Praha 5 – Jinonice
• Datum odevzdání elektronické podoby: 15.05.2015
• Datum proběhlé obhajoby: 22.06.2015
• Oponenti: PhDr. Mgr. et Mgr. Jakub Landovský, Ph.D.

Zásady pro vypracování

Topic Characteristics
The aim of the thesis is examination of failed and quasi states focusing on the Kosovo issues. Kosovo declared self-independency in 2008 without previous recognition from home state, but supported by relevant and major international players such as USA, UK, Germany, and France. On the other hand, Russia and China have never supported unilaterally Kosovo’s act. The act of self-recognition has split the international society and has opened further question of separatism and secessions in the world. Although Kosovo has been recognized by certain number of states, has never made a formal application for UN membership being aware of likely veto from China and Russia. Kosovo not only divides “East” and “West”, but there is no unified position even within European Union.
Purpose and Research Questions
The main purpose of the essay is to examine failed and de facto states theory and its implementation on the current situation on Kosovo. In order to do that, the research questions of this work are:
Bearing in mind that Serbia sets full membership in the EU as the primarily goal, the question is how far Serbia is ready to go in negotiations with Kosovo?
South Ossetia and Abkhazia (and why not even Crimea?) open the Russian positions about Kosovo?
Can Kosovo provide the missing elements of the sovereign state? Is Kosovo ready for independent functioning?
What are the possible solutions for the Kosovo issues?
Can Serbia with/and Kosovo join the EU at the same time? What are the consequences of that?
Hypothesis
Kosovo does not meet criteria of the sovereign state.
Kosovo does not pose full internal sovereignty.
Kosovo will not reach full internal recognition without consent of the former paternal state.
Kosovo cannot be internationally recognized without Russian and Chinese recognition.
Methodology
In this study we will apply different methodologies to test each one of our four hypotheses. The first two hypotheses will be tested with the several methods. That is, they will be tested with the concrete examples taken from international relations of failed and quasi states. Also, I will provide the quantitative measures of indicators that are necessary for proving the hypotheses. The second two hypotheses will be tested on the historical and comparative methods. The last hypothesis is led by the K. Popper thought that the trial and error approach in problem-solving is a standard way how the science evolves and improves.
Outline
The paper will start with a theoretical chapter, examining the theories and concepts used in the analysis of this work. The second chapter will be dedicated to the short history of political violence on Kosovo in order to find causes of the current conflict. The third chapter will be focus exclusively on current situation and its examinations through political, economical, and legal frameworks. The fourth chapter will enter into domain of speculations and deal with the possible solutions for the conflict.

Seznam odborné literatury

Bibliography
Abductions and Disappearances of non-Albanians in Kosovo (2001). Humanitarian Law Center, Belgrade.
Bachelli,T., Bartmann, B., Srebrenik, H. (2005): De facto States: The quest for sovereignty, London and New York, Routledge.
Beran, H. (1984). A Liberal Theory of secession. In: Political Studies, Vol. 32.
Bilgin, P., Morton, A. D. (2002). Historicising representations of failed states: beyond the cold war annexation of the social sciences? In Third World Quarterly, Vol. 23, no. 1, s. 55 - 80.
BIRCH, A. H. (1984). Another Liberal Theory of Secession. In: Political Studies, Vol. 32, No. 3, p. 596 - 602.
Boulding K. (1989). Conflict and Defence: A General Theory, University Press of America.
Boutros-Ghali, B. (1992). An Agenda for Peace, United Nation.
Buchanan, A. (1991). Secession. Westview Press, Boulder.
Buchanan, A. Theories of Secession
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Caspersen, N. (2011). Unrecognized States: The Struggle for Sovereignty in the Modern International System. Cambridge: Polity
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Chomsky, N. (2007). Failed States: The Abuse of Power and the Assault on Democracy. Holt Paperbacks
Fukuyama, F. (2004) State-Building: Governance and World Order in the 21st Century. Cornell University Press. Ithaca, New York.
Gaćinović, R. (2004). Otimanje Kosova i Metohije. NIC Vojska, Beograd
Horowitz, D. L. (2000). Ethnic Groups in Conflict. Berkeley - Los Angeles - London: University of California Press.
Jackson, R.H. (1993): Quasi-States: Sovereignty, International Relations and the Third World, Cambridge
Judah, T. (2000). Kosovo War and revenge, Yale University Press, New Haven
Judah, T. (2008). Kosovo; what everyone needs to know, Oxford University Press, Oxford
KOLSTO, P. (2006) The Sustainability and Future of Unrecognized Quasi-States. Journal of Peace Research. Vol. 43, No.6, p.724.
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Mertus, J. (1999). Kosovo: How Myths and Truths Started a War. University of California Press
United Nations Security Council, Resolution 1244 (1999)
Vicers, M. (1995). The Albanisn: a modern history, I. B. Tauris, New York.
Vicers, M. (1998). Between Serb and Albanian. A History of Kosovo, London Hurst & Companu, London.
Vidačić, R. (2000). O korenima separatizma i terorizma na Kosovu i Metohiji. Javno Preduzeće Službeni list SRJ, Beograd
Woehrel, Steven. (2013). Kosovo: Current Issues and U.S Policy. Congressional Research Service
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Předběžná náplň práce

1. Introduction
1.1. Aim
1.2. Research Question
1.3. Limitations
1.4. Methods and Literature
1.5. Outline
1.6. Definition of Sovereign State
1.7. Importance of Recognition
2. Secession in Theory and Practice
2.1. Explanatory and Normative Theories of Secession
2.2. Residual Theories and Primacy Theories
2.3. Peaceful Secessions
2.4. Violent Secessions
2.5. Multiple Secessions
3. History of Political Violence on Kosovo
3.1. Period from 1878 to 1912
3.2. Period from 1912 to World War II
3.3. Violence during the World War II
3.4. Violence in The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
3.5. Violence in Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
3.6. Kosovo after 1999
3.7. Application of Theory of Secession on Kosovo
3.8. Was Unilateral Secession of Kosovo justifiable?
3.9. Was a Breach of Serbian territorial integrity justifiable?
4. Prospect for the Future
4.1. Albanians and Serbs
4.2. Sustainability and Economy
4.3. Declaration of Independence
4.4. Political Characteristics of Internal Sovereignty
4.5. Kosovo as part of Serbia
4.6. Partition of Kosovo
4.7. European Union Perspective: Serbia and/with Kosovo in European Union
4.8. Geopolitical Importance of Kosovo
5. International Position of Kosovo
5.1. Approach of Parent State (Serbia)
5.2. Approach of International Community
5.3. States Not/Recognizing Kosovo
6. Conclusion

Předběžná náplň práce v anglickém jazyce

The aim of the thesis is examination of failed and quasi states focusing on the Kosovo issues. Kosovo declared self-independency in 2008 without previous recognition from home state, but supported by relevant and major international players such as USA, UK, Germany, and France. On the other hand, Russia and China have never supported unilaterally Kosovo’s act. The act of self-recognition has split the international society and has opened further question of separatism and secessions in the world. Although Kosovo has been recognized by certain number of states, has never made a formal application for UN membership being aware of likely veto from China and Russia. Kosovo not only divides “East” and “West”, but there is no unified position even within European Union.