Vliv médií a sociálních sítí na stravování diabetiků 2.typu

• Název práce v češtině: Vliv médií a sociálních sítí na stravování diabetiků 2.typu
• Název v anglickém jazyce: The Impact of media and social networks on the second type diabetics diet
• Klíčová slova: Vliv hromadných sdělovacích prostředků, stravování, diabetes mellitus 2. typu, vliv sociálních sítí, výživové poradenství, životní styl, reklama zaměřená na spotřebitele, výživa, obezita
• Klíčová slova anglicky: Influence of mass media, dietary habits, type 2 diabetes mellitus, impact of social networks, nutritional counseling, lifestyle, consumer-targeted advertising, nutrition, obesity
• Akademický rok vypsání: 2024/2025
• Typ práce: diplomová práce
• Jazyk práce: čeština
• Ústav: III. interní klinika – klinika endokrinologie a metabolismu 1. LF UK a VFN (11-00530)
• Vedoucí / školitel: PhDr. Tamara Starnovská
• Řešitel: skrytý - zadáno vedoucím/školitelem
• Datum přihlášení: 08.10.2024
• Datum zadání: 08.10.2024
• Datum a čas obhajoby: 25.06.2025 07:30
• Datum odevzdání elektronické podoby: 30.04.2025
• Datum proběhlé obhajoby: 25.06.2025
• Předmět: Obhajoba diplomové práce (B02793)
• Oponenti: RNDr. Mgr. Pavel Suchánek

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Předběžná náplň práce

Úvod: Diabetes mellitus 2. typu (T2DM) je onemocnění, jehož incidence celosvětově vzrůstá. Vznik tohoto onemocnění převážně souvisí s životním stylem moderní populace. Léčba tedy neodmyslitelně zahrnuje, kromě farmakoterapie, léčebnou nutriční terapii, zařazení pravidelné fyzické aktivity a kontrolu tělesné hmotnosti. V médiích a na sociálních sítích lze nalézt velké množství informací o výživě a T2DM, jejich přímý dopad na diabetiky však nebyl v České republice doposavad zkoumán.
Cíle: Hlavním cílem práce je zjistit, zda pacienty s T2DM ovlivnila média a sociální sítě všeho typu ve směru jejich životního stylu a stravování. Sekundárním cíl práce se zaměřoval na to, jaké konkrétní sociální sítě a média měly největší dopad, jak se v důsledku informací poskytovaných médii a sociálními sítěmi změnilo chování pacientů s T2DM, a zda existoval rozdíl v četnosti vyhledávání informací o výživě mezi pohlavími a různými stupni vzdělání. Dále bylo cílem zjistit, jaký dopad měla média a sociální sítě na vývoj hmotnosti a kompenzaci T2DM a jaká je kvalita informací o výživě na sociálních sítích.
Metodika: Byla získána data od 66 pacientů z interních ambulancí v Masarykově nemocnici v Ústí nad Labem, z toho od 38 žen (57,6 %) a 28 mužů (42,4 %) s průměrným věkem 59 let. Pacienti byli nejdříve zváženi pomocí přístroje Tanita DC-430 MA Sa, dále jim byl také změřen obvod pasu a obvod boků a potom jim byly rozdány anonymní dotazníky. Data z dotazníku byly analyzovány a vyhodnocovány pomocí programů Microsoft Office Excel a IBM SPSS statistics a interpretovány slovně a pomocí tabulek a grafů. V druhé části výzkumné práce bylo hodnoceno 7 nutričních tvrzení z Facebooku a 3 nutriční tvrzení z Instagramu.
Výsledky: 76,9 % z celkového souboru 66 pacientů média či sociální sítě ovlivnily v jejich stravování. Nejčastější byla eliminace sacharidů a tuků ze stravy a zpravidelnění dietního režimu. Nepotvrdilo se však, že by měla média či sociální sítě negativní vliv na hmotnost, kompenzaci T2DM a léčbu T2DM. Naopak se zdá, že by mohla mít vliv pozitivní. Hodnocené informace ze sociálních sítí byly však z 50 % nepravdivé nebo zavádějící. Důvěra pacientů v média a sociální sítě se pohybovala ve středních hodnotách.
Závěr: Pacienty s T2DM z interních ambulancí v Masarykově nemocnici v Ústí nad Labem ve stravování ovlivnily média či sociální sítě.

Předběžná náplň práce v anglickém jazyce

Introduction: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a disease with a globally increasing incidence. The development of this condition is primarily related to the lifestyle of the modern population. Therefore, treatment inherently includes not only pharmacotherapy, but also medical nutrition therapy, the incorporation of regular physical activity, and weight management. A large amount of information regarding nutrition and T2DM can be found in the media and on social networks. However, their direct impact has not yet been studied on people with diabetes in the Czech Republic.
Objectives: The primary aim of this thesis is to determine, whether patients with T2DM have been influenced by media and various types of social networks in relation to their lifestyle and diet. The secondary aim is focused on identifying, which specific social networks and media had the greatest impact, how changed the behavior of patients with T2DM, and whether there was a difference in the frequency of seeking nutrition-related information between genders and different levels of education. Furthermore, the study aimed to evaluate the impact of media and social networks on weight development and T2DM control, as well as the quality of nutrition information available on social networks.
Methodology: Data were collected from 66 patients from internal medicine outpatient clinics at Masarykova nemocnice in Ústí nad Labem. There were 38 women (57.6%) and 28 men (42.4%) with an average age of 59 years. Patients weight were first measured by a Tanita DC-430 MA SA. Their waist and hip circumferences were also measured. Then anonymous questionnaires were given to them. The questionnaire data were analyzed and evaluated using Microsoft Office Excel and IBM SPSS Statistics, and results were interpreted both verbally and with the use of tables and graphs. In the second part of the research, 7 nutritional claims were assessed from Facebook and 3 claims were assessed from Instagram.
Results: 76.9% of the total group of 66 patients reported that, the media or social networks influenced their dietary habits. The most common changes were the elimination of carbohydrates and fats from the diet and a more consistent dietary routine. However, it was not confirmed that media or social networks had a negative impact on body weight, T2DM compensation, or treatment of T2DM. On the contrary, they may even have a positive effect. Nonetheless, 50% of the evaluated informations from social networks were found to be false or misleading. Patient´s trust was in media and social networks at a moderate level.
Conclusion: Patients with T2DM from internal medicine outpatient clinics at Masarykova nemocnice in Ústí nad Labem were influenced by media or social networks in their dietary habits.