Nation, religion and manipulation: Post-war media scene in the countries of the former Yugoslavia

• Název práce v češtině: Národ, náboženství a manipulace: poválečná mediální scéna v zemích bývalé Jugoslávie
• Název v anglickém jazyce: Nation, religion and manipulation: Post-war media scene in the countries of the former Yugoslavia
• Klíčová slova: média, válka, Jugoslávie, Srbsko, Chorvatsko, Bosna a Hercegovina
• Klíčová slova anglicky: media, war, Yugoslavia, Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Hercegovina
• Akademický rok vypsání: 2022/2023
• Typ práce: diplomová práce
• Jazyk práce: angličtina
• Ústav: Katedra žurnalistiky (23-KZ)
• Vedoucí / školitel: Mgr. Jan Miessler
• Řešitel: skrytý - zadáno vedoucím/školitelem
• Datum přihlášení: 07.11.2022
• Datum zadání: 07.11.2022
• Datum a čas obhajoby: 22.09.2023 09:30
• Místo konání obhajoby: Areál Jinonice, B228, 228, seminární místnost ISS
• Datum odevzdání elektronické podoby: 01.08.2023
• Datum proběhlé obhajoby: 22.09.2023
• Oponenti: Mgr. Andrea Hrůzová, Ph.D.

Seznam odborné literatury

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Předběžná náplň práce

Můj výzkum se bude zabývat obdobím 20 let po skončení válek v Jugoslávii a situací médií nyní. Otázka, kterou si ve svém výzkumu kladu, zní: Jsou náboženství a národ v těchto zemích stále používány jako prostředek manipulace? Podílejí se státní média na takovém klamání veřejnosti a jsou v nich přítomny nenávistné projevy?
Abychom vysvětlili současnou mediální scénu těchto zemí, musíme se vrátit o 30 let zpět. Studiem historického pozadí, tedy válek v období 1991-2001 a mediálního systému tohoto období, lépe pochopíme současnou situaci v médiích. Dnes máme mnoho příkladů toho, kolik národů a náboženství představuje hlavní body konfliktu v Srbsku, Chorvatsku a Bosně a Hercegovině.

K tomu, aby se národ a ekonomika v zemi stabilizovaly, přispívají média podporou stávajícího politického režimu. Přesně to odráží teorie vývoje médií. Na základě této teorie by média měla upřednostňovat národ, kulturu a jazyk, tedy všechny národní charakteristiky a podporovat zavedenou politickou strukturu a veškeré jejich snahy. Tato teorie není v praxi příliš výnosná, pokud jde o země bývalé Jugoslávie. Média v Srbsku, Chorvatsku a Bosně a Hercegovině podporovala režim během války (1991-2001) a pokračovala v tom i léta po válce, propagovala národ a náboženství jako něco pozitivního, zatímco ve skutečnosti měla opačný efekt. Povýšením jednoho národa snížili význam sousedních a mělo to opačný efekt.

Ve svém výzkumu použiji tři způsoby sběru dat:
- Rozhovor, který povedu s respektovanými novináři ze všech bývalých států, stejně jako s profesory mediálních studií a žurnalistiky a jednotlivci, kteří jsou relevantní k tématu (aktivisté, mediálně exponované osoby, politici a vůdci)
- Průzkum nebo dotazník s otevřenými a uzavřenými otázkami ke sběru dat mezi občany zemí ve věku od 18 do 80 let
- Kvalitativní a kvantitativní analýza shromážděných dat pomocí uvedených metod v kombinaci s teoretickým rámcem a literaturou.

Předběžná náplň práce v anglickém jazyce

My research will deal with the period 20 years after the end of the wars in Yugoslavia and the situation of the media now. The question I ask in my research is: are religion and nation still used as a means of manipulation in these countries? Does the state media participate in such deception of the public and is hate speech present in it?
In order to explain the contemporary media scene of these countries, we have to go back 30 years. By studying the historical background, that is, the wars in the period 1991-2001 and the media system of that period, we will have a better understanding of the current situation in the media. Today we have many examples of how many nations and religions represent the main points of conflict in Serbia, Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina.

In order for the nation and the economy in the country to stabilize, the media make their contribution by giving support to the existing political regime. This is exactly what the theory of media development reflects. Based on this theory, the media should give priority to the nation, culture and language, therefore, to all national characteristics and support the established political structure and all their endeavors. This theory is not very profitable in practice when it comes to the countries of the former Yugoslavia. The media in Serbia, Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina supported the regime during the war (1991-2001) and continued to do so for years after the war, promoting the nation and religion as something positive, while in fact they had the opposite effect. By elevating one nation, they diminished the importance of neighboring ones, and this had the opposite effect.

I will use three methods for collecting the data in my research:
- Interview that I will conduct with respected journalists from all former states as well as professors of Media studies and Journalism, and individuals who are relevant to the topic (activists, media-exposed persons, politicians and leaders)
- Survey, or questionnaire of open-ended and closed-ended questions to gather the data among the citizens of the countries between the ages of 18 to 80
- Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the collected data using the mentioned methods combined with the theoretical framework and literature.