Contemporary Challenges of Space Debris Removal: Overview and Outlook

• Název práce v češtině: Současné výzvy odstraňování vesmírného odpadu: souhrn a perspektiva
• Název v anglickém jazyce: Contemporary Challenges of Space Debris Removal: Overview and Outlook
• Klíčová slova: Vesmírný odpad; Orbitální úlomky; Vesmírná bezpečnost; Zabezpečení kosmického prostoru Aktivní odstraňování vesmírného odpadu; Udržitelnost; Kosmické právo; Průzkum vesmíru
• Klíčová slova anglicky: Space debris; Orbital debris; Space security; Active debris removal; Sustainability; International space law; Space exploration
• Akademický rok vypsání: 2018/2019
• Typ práce: diplomová práce
• Jazyk práce: angličtina
• Ústav: Katedra politologie (23-KP)
• Vedoucí / školitel: doc. Mgr. Bohumil Doboš, Ph.D.
• Řešitel: skrytý - zadáno vedoucím/školitelem
• Datum přihlášení: 09.03.2020
• Datum zadání: 09.03.2020
• Datum a čas obhajoby: 24.06.2021 08:00
• Místo konání obhajoby: Pekařská 16, JPEK313, 313, Malá učebna, 3.patro
• Datum odevzdání elektronické podoby: 10.02.2021
• Datum proběhlé obhajoby: 24.06.2021
• Oponenti: Mgr. et Mgr. Jakub Pražák, Ph.D.

Seznam odborné literatury

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Předběžná náplň práce

Udržitelnost vesmíru je nezbytná k tomu, aby současní i budoucí vesmírní aktéři mohli bezpečně provádět všechny potřebné vesmírné operace. I přesto, že negativní důsledky nekontrolovatelně rostoucí populace kosmického odpadu jsou dlouhodobě známé, iniciativy vládních agentur a mezivládních organizací, které by měly vést ke snížení objemu kosmického odpadu a tím i k poklesu nesnází jím způsobených, jsou i nadále nedostatečné. Vědecké výzkumy a simulační modely ukazují, že pouhá preventivní opatření nemohou zastavit pokračující degradaci vesmírného prostředí, znečištěného již dávno vypuštěnými vesmírnými objekty. Výzkumní pracovníci se stále více věnují zkoumání vesmírných projektů, jejichž primárním cílem je odstranění orbitálních úlomků z vesmíru. Národní správy se pokouší spolupracovat na mezinárodní úrovni a formulovat jednotné standardy, které by zmírnily tvorbu nových orbitálních úlomků a stanovily by vzájemnou odpovědnost za zhoršení situace vesmírného odpadu, avšak uskutečnění společných mezinárodních misí za účelem aktivního odstraňování úlomků se nedaří. Privatizace vesmírných projektů a operací nadále otevírá dveře komercializaci vesmíru a také díky tomu dochází k poklesu relevance států jako primárních aktérů dominujících pro tuto oblast, což přidává řešení problému další rozměr. Tato diplomová práce shrnuje potenciál dosud nerealizovaných operačních misí pro odstranění vesmírné tříště a zároveň zkoumá jejich všudypřítomné technické, právní a politické překážky. Tato práce vede k závěru, že budoucí stabilita vesmíru závisí na aspiracích a úspěších soukromých subjektů při vývoji a realizaci aktivních misí pro odstraňování vesmírného odpadu a na ochotě mezinárodního společenství ustoupit soukromým subjektům, aby se staly soběstačnými vesmírnými aktéry.

Předběžná náplň práce v anglickém jazyce

The sustainability of the outer space environment is necessary for all actors to execute all existing and future human space operations safely. While the severe negative consequences of the uncontrolled space debris population are not new, government agencies and intergovernmental organizations' initiatives to lessen the predicament continue to be insufficient. Scientific research and simulation models show that mere mitigation measures cannot stop the ongoing degradation of the outer space environment polluted from the past space missions. Instead, research supports the development of space projects designed with a primary objective to remove debris from space. National administrations attempt to cooperate at the international level to formulate uniform debris mitigation standards and hold each other mutually accountable for worsening the space debris situation. However, joint public international missions to actively remove debris remain unthinkable. The privatization of space projects and operations continues to open the door to the commercialization of space and reduces the relevance of states as the primary players dominating the outer space domain, adding another dimension to solving the issue of space debris. This thesis examines the unrealized potential of operational debris missions while also investigating their ever-present technical and legal obstacles. The thesis contends that outer space's future stability depends on private entities’ aspirations and accomplishments to develop and execute active space debris removal missions and the international community's willingness to give way to private entities to become self-sufficient space actors.