U. S. Maritime Security - Strategies and Measures Applied

• Název práce v češtině: Námořní bezpečnost Spojených států amerických: aplikované strategie a opatření
• Název v anglickém jazyce: U. S. Maritime Security - Strategies and Measures Applied
• Klíčová slova: Spojené státy americké, námořní bezpečnost, přístav, pirátství, kontejnerová doprava
• Klíčová slova anglicky: United States of America, maritime security, port, piracy, container transportation
• Akademický rok vypsání: 2015/2016
• Typ práce: diplomová práce
• Jazyk práce: angličtina
• Ústav: Katedra severoamerických studií (23-KAS)
• Vedoucí / školitel: doc. PhDr. Mgr. Francis Raška, Ph.D.
• Řešitel: skrytý - zadáno vedoucím/školitelem
• Datum přihlášení: 20.06.2016
• Datum zadání: 20.06.2016
• Datum a čas obhajoby: 23.06.2017 08:30
• Místo konání obhajoby: Jinonice - U Kříže 8, J4020, Jinonice - místn. č. 4020
• Datum odevzdání elektronické podoby: 16.05.2017
• Datum proběhlé obhajoby: 23.06.2017
• Oponenti: Mgr. Jan Ludvík, Ph.D.

Seznam odborné literatury

1)CHAMBERS, Matthew, Atlantic Coast U.S. Seaports, RITA Bureau of Transportation Statistics, October 2010, pp. 1-6.
2)CHAMBERS, Matthew, International Piracy and Armed Robbery at Sea: Hindering Maritime Trade and Water Transportation around the World, RITA Bureau of Transportation Statistics, April 2010, pp. 1-4.
3)CHAMBERS, Matthew, Ocean Passenger Vessels: migrating south for the winter, RITA Bureau of Transportation Statistics, January 2010, pp. 1-3.
4)CHAMBERS, Matthew, The Changing Tide of U.S.-International Container Trade: Differences Among the U.S. Atlantic, Gulf, and Pacific Coasts, RITA Bureau of Transportation Statistics, December 2011, pp. 1-6.
5)CHAMBERS, Matthew, U.S. Ocean Passenger Terminals: serving larger vessels closer to home and central transit connections, RITA Bureau of Transportation Statistics, January 2010, pp. 1-6.
6)COGGINS, Bridget, L., Global patterns of maritime piracy, 2000-09: Introducing a new dataset, Journal of Peace Research, Vol. 49, No. 4 (July 2012), pp. 605-617.
7)Department of Defense and Homeland Security, The National Strategy for Maritime Security, September 2005, pp. 1-27.
8)Department of Defense, The Asia-Pacific Maritime Security Strategy: Achieving National Security Objective in a Changing Environment, 2015, pp. 1-35.
9)HEROD, Andrew, Discourse on the Docks: Containerization and Inter-Union Work Disputes in US Ports, 1955-1985, Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, Vol. 23, No.2 (1998), pp. 177-191.
10)Establishment of U.S. Antiterrorism Maritime Transportation System, The American Journal of International Law, Vol. 98, No. 3 (Jul. 2004), pp. 588-590.
11)FRITTELLI, John, F., Port and Maritime Security: Background and Issues for Congress, Congressional Research Service, May 2005, pp. 1-22.
12)Importer Security Filing.
13)JAHANMIR, Sean, Preliminary Observations of the Tsunami’s Impact on U.S. Trade and Transportation with Japan, RITA Bureau of Transportation Statistics, May 2011, pp. 1-4.
14)JARMON, Jack, A., The New Era in U.S. National Security? An Introduction to Emerging Threats and Challenges, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2014, pp. 75-100.
15)Maritime Security Policy Coordinating Committee, Maritime Transportation System Security Recommendations for the National Strategy for Maritime Security, October 2005, pp. 1-13.
16)Maritime Transportation Security Act.
17)New U.S. Maritime Security Strategy Includes Legal and Institutional Initiatives, The American Journal of International Law, Vol. 100, No. 1 (Jan. 2006), pp. 222-224.
18)The Secure Freight Initiative.
19)The Security and Accountability for Every Port.
20)UNITED STATES COUNTER PIRACY AND MARITIME SECURITY ACTION PLAN, June 2014, pp. 1-10.
21)U.S. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Two Decades of Change in Transportation: Reflections from Transportation Statistics Annual Reports, 1994-2014 (Washington, DC, 2015), pp. 1-24.
22)U.S. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Transportation Statistics Annual Report 2001, BTS 02-07 (Washington, DC, 2002), pp. 1-255.
23)U.S. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Transportation Statistics Annual Report, BTS 03-06 (Washington, DC, 2003), pp. 1-191.
24)U.S. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Transportation Statistics Annual Report, (Washington, DC, 2004), pp. 3-201.
25)U.S. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Transportation Statistics Annual Report 2013, (Washington, DC, 2014), pp. 1-186.
26)U.S. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Transportation Statistics Annual Report 2015, (Washington, DC, 2016), pp. 1-198.
27)U.S. Department of Transportation, Research and Innovative Technology Administration, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, America’s Container Ports: Linking Markets at Home and Abroad, Washington, DC: 2011, pp. 1-42.
28)U.S. Department of Transportation, Research and Innovative Technology Administration, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Transportation Statistics Annual Report, (Washington, DC, 2005), pp. 3-207.
29)U.S. Department of Transportation, Research and Innovative Technology Administration, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Transportation Statistics Annual Report, (Washington, DC, 2006), pp. 3-157.
30)U.S. Department of Transportation, Research and Innovative Technology Administration, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Transportation Statistics Annual Report 2007, (Washington, DC, 2007), pp. 3-169.
31)U.S. Department of Transportation, Research and Innovative Technology Administration, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Transportation Statistics Annual Report 2008, (Washington, DC, 2008), pp. 3-182.
32)U.S. Department of Transportation, Research and Innovative Technology Administration, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Transportation Statistics Annual Report 2009, (Washington, DC, 2009), pp. 1-216.
33)U.S. Department of Transportation, Research and Innovative Technology Administration, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Transportation Statistics Annual Report 2010, (Washington, DC, 2011), pp. 1-207.
34)U.S. Department of Transportation, Research and Innovative Technology Administration, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Transportation Statistics Annual Report 2012, (Washington, DC, 2013), pp. 1-105.
35)WITTKOPF, Eugene, R., KEGLEY Jr., Charles, W., SCOTT, James, M., American Foreign Policy - Pattern and Process.

Předběžná náplň práce

Ve své práci se zaměřím na oblast námořní bezpečnosti Spojených států.
Bezpečnost Spojených států, stejně jako jejich ekonomická prosperita, se odvíjí od míry bezpečnosti na globální úrovni. Stále rostoucí význam kontejnerové dopravy, větší nákladní lodě a rychlejší vnitřní procesy v přístavech znamenají bezpodmínečnou nutnost chránit světové oceány. Nicméně dohled nad světovými oceány není jedinou podmínkou pro zajištění námořní bezpečnosti Spojených států. Neméně důležitá je ochrana říčních tras na vlastním území, Velkých jezer, a také pobřežních vod.
Využívání kontejnerů pro přepravu s sebou nese i velká rizika, která neustále nabírají na síle. Důležité je hlídat náklad proti krádeži a neustále monitorovat kontejnery a ochraňovat je před piráty. Kontejnerová doprava svou podstatou láká pašeráky drog, lidí, nebo zbraní, včetně komponentů důležitých pro výrobu zbraní hromadného ničení.
Od roku 2001 vznikly nové programy týkající se námořní bezpečnosti Spojených států. Ve své práci se těmito budu zabývat a pokusím se přijít s vysvětlením, z jakého důvodu byly tyto programy zahájeny a jak úspěšná byla jejich následná implementace. Zaměřím se na práci Úřadu pro dopravní statistiky (Bureau of Transportation Statistics), který má za úkol poskytovat informace o přepravních statistikách, dále se budu zabývat Pobřežní stráží Spojených států amerických (U. S. Coast Guard), která získala širší pravomoci po roce 2001 a má nyní na starosti provozní záležitosti na federální úrovni, ale také v přístavech. Značná část mé práce se bude týkat oficiálních legislativních dokumentů, které byly přijaty Kongresem po 11. září 2001. Mezi tyto patří Maritime Transportation Security Act, Security and Accountability for Every Port, známější pod názvem SAFE Port Act, Secure Freight Initiative a Importer Security Filing.

Předběžná náplň práce v anglickém jazyce

In my thesis I will focus on the most problematic issues related to maritime security of the United States.
The United States is reliant on security at the global level. Its own security and economic prosperity depends highly on whether world’s oceans are safe or not. Considering constantly growing importance of container transportation, vessels enlargements, and quicker inner processes within ports, protecting world’s oceans is nowadays a necessity. However, apart from controlling open seas, there are also other sectors that need attention when evaluating maritime transportation security. Domestic trade is also dependent on secure functioning of inland water ways, Great Lakes water routes and also domestic deep sea.
With the development of container transportation, new security challenges have emerged, such as protecting cargo against theft, having control over containers through monitoring and protecting shipment against pirates. High use of containers provides an alternative for smuggling drugs, people or weapons, including weapons of mass destruction.
There have been various programs established since 2001. I will cover them in my work and I will try to come up with explanation of why these were used and how successful the implementation of these programs was. In my thesis I will apply my mind to the existence of Bureau of Transportation Statistics, which is supposed to provide with data related to transportation system of the United States and I will also explain the significance of the U. S. Coast Guard, which acquired extensive powers after 2001 and has operational responsibilities at the federal level and also in the ports. Considerable part of my work will focus on studying legislation passed by the Congress after 9/11 such as the Maritime Transportation Security Act, The Security and Accountability for Every Port known as the SAFE Port Act, The Secure Freight Initiative, and the Importer Security Filing.