ADHD u uživatelů léčených v terapeutických komunitách z hlediska průběhu léčby, výskytu komplikací a specifických potřeb v rámci léčby, včetně diagnostické a léčebně rehabilitační perspektivy

• Název práce v češtině: ADHD u uživatelů léčených v terapeutických komunitách z hlediska průběhu léčby, výskytu komplikací a specifických potřeb v rámci léčby, včetně diagnostické a léčebně rehabilitační perspektivy
• Název v anglickém jazyce: ADHD in users treated in therapeutic communities in terms of course of treatment, incidence of complications and specific needs within treatment, including diagnostic, therapeutic and rehabilitation perspective
• Klíčová slova: ADHD-TERAPEUTICKÁ KOMUNITA-DIAGNOSTIKA-PROCES LÉČBY A KOMPLIKACE-PROFIL OSOB-MOTIVACE-LÉČEBNÁ A RE/HABILITAČNÍ PERSPEKTIVA
• Klíčová slova anglicky: ADHD-THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY-DIAGNOSTICS-TREATMENT PROCESS AND COMPLICATIONS-PERSONAL PROFILE-MOTIVATION-TREATMENT AND RE / HABILITATION PERSPECTIVE
• Akademický rok vypsání: 2014/2015
• Typ práce: disertační práce
• Jazyk práce: čeština
• Ústav: Klinika adiktologie 1. LF UK a VFN (11-00611)
• Vedoucí / školitel: prof. PhDr. Michal Miovský, Ph.D.
• Řešitel: skrytý - zadáno a potvrzeno stud. odd.
• Datum přihlášení: 07.10.2014
• Datum zadání: 07.10.2014
• Datum potvrzení stud. oddělením: 07.10.2014
• Datum a čas obhajoby: 10.06.2021 10:30
• Místo konání obhajoby: Apolinářská 4, Praha 2, ADIKP1, Praha 2, Apolinářská 4a, Aula
• Datum odevzdání elektronické podoby: 20.03.2021
• Datum proběhlé obhajoby: 10.06.2021
• Předmět: Obhajoba dizertační práce (B90002)
• Oponenti: PhDr. Karel Dobroslav Riegel, Ph.D.
• Konzultanti: doc. PhDr. MUDr. Kamil Kalina, CSc.

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Předběžná náplň práce

Vznik a rozvoj závislosti u osob s ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) může být predikován různými faktory. Zásadním faktorem, který propojuje komorbiditu ADHD a riziko rozvoje závislosti na návykových látkách je zvýšená vulnerabilita na základě neuropsychologických deficitů a široké spektrum biopsychosociálních potíží, které se objevují od dětství do dospělosti. Výskyt duálních diagnóz u uživatelů návykových látek léčených v residenční léčbě v terapeutických komunitách má stěžejní vliv na intrapsychické a interpersonální schopnosti, kognitivní a exekutivní funkce a na schopnost zvládat léčebný program primárně určený pro klienty bez komorbidního zatížení. Současný výzkum ADHD u uživatelů návykových látek poukazuje na vysokou prevalenci ADHD propojenou se specifickými komplikacemi v léčbě a zvýšenou míru drop-outů. Cílem monotématické disertační práce, která vychází z výsledků předvýzkumného a hlavního výzkumného projektu (Study I. – IV.), je přehled zásadních zjištění z hlediska prevalence ADHD, diagnostiky ADHD v prostředí terapeutických komunit, výskytu komplikací v léčbě a genderových specifik v léčbě a přehled hlavních zjištění o vývoji motivace a specifických potřebách klientů s ADHD. Výstupem disertační práce je shnutí výstupů a doporučení z jednotlivých studií v oblasti léčebné, diagnostické a rehabilitační perspektivy. Každá kapitola monotématické disertační práce vychází z publikovaných studií (Study I. – Study IV.) a je zaměřena na popis jednotlivých výzkumných zjištění od teoretické části aktuálních poznatků, přes odůvodnění významnosti tématu, deskripci metodologie, popis výsledků, diskuzi a závěry pro každou z publikovaných studií. V každé části práce jsou podrobně popsány výsledky odrážející cíl daného výzkumu a zjištění v kontextu dosavadních výzkumů. V poslední kapitole monotématické struktury disertační práce je věnována pozornost každé z publikovaných studií a je zde předložen návrh pro využití v praxi z hlediska diagnostické, léčebné a rehabilitační perspektivy (prevalence, diagnostika, komplikace v léčbě, specifické potřeby v léčbě a léčebná perspektiva). Výsledky hlavního výzkumu obecně naznačují, že vysoká míra prevalence ADHD u osob léčených v terapeutických komunitách je stěžejním tématem, které rozšiřuje současné spektrum duálních diagnóz osob v léčbě. Zároveň se ukazuje potřeba nastavení diagnostiky ADHD při využívání jednotného diagnostického nástroje a dodržování základních pravidel diagnostiky vzhledem k neurobioloickým poznatkům. Komplikace v léčbě u osob s ADHD jsou na vysoké úrovni a to na začátku i v procesu léčby. Specifika klientů s ADHD v léčbě a genderové rozdíly poukazují na ADHD jako komplikující faktor léčby. Osoby s ADHD v terapeutické komunitě vykazují komplikující pofil psychiatrický i adiktologický, ale jejich stav motivace je při vstupu na vysoké úrovni stejně jako u osob bez ADHD. V procesu léčby byl však prokázán pokles motivace pouze u skupiny osob s ADHD. Souhrnně, ADHD, u osob léčených v terapeutických komunitách a osob abstinujících, může mít zásadní vliv na schopnost dokončit léčbu a profitovat z léčebného programu v porovnání s ostatními klienty. Data naznačují, že ADHD může ovlivňovat stav motivace v procesu léčby. Uvedená zjištění implikují nutnost intervenovat diagnostiku ADHD a individualizovat léčebné a rehabilitační přístupy napříč léčebnými zařízeními. Signifikantní oblastí pro léčebnou perspektivu osob s ADHD v terapeutických komunitách se dotýkají celé biopsychosociální oblasti osob s ADHD a jejich specifických potíží.

Předběžná náplň práce v anglickém jazyce

The onset and development of addiction in people with ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) can be predicted by various factors. An essential factor linking the comorbidity of ADHD and the risk of developing substance abuse is increased vulnerability due to neuropsychological deficits and a wide range of biopsychosocial problems that occur from childhood to adulthood. The occurrence of dual diagnoses in substance users treated in residential treatment in therapeutic communities has a major impact on intrapsychic and interpersonal abilities, cognitive and executive functions, and on the ability to manage a treatment program primarily intended for clients without comorbid load. Current research on ADHD in substance users points to a high prevalence of ADHD associated with specific treatment complications and an increased drop-out rate. The aim of the monothematic dissertation, which is based on the results of pre-research and main research project (Study I. - IV.), Is an overview of key findings in terms of ADHD prevalence, ADHD diagnosis in therapeutic communities, treatment complications and gender specifics in treatment and overview. main findings on the development of motivation and specific needs of clients with ADHD. The output of the dissertation is a summary of outputs and recommendations from individual studies in the field of therapeutic, diagnostic and rehabilitation perspectives. Each chapter of the monothematic dissertation is based on published studies (Study I. - Study IV.) And is focused on the description of individual research findings from the theoretical part of current knowledge, through justification of the importance of the topic, description of methodology, description of results, discussion and conclusions for each of the published studies. Each part of the thesis describes in detail the results reflecting the goal of the research and findings in the context of previous research. In the last chapter of the monothematic structure of the dissertation, attention is paid to each of the published studies and there is a proposal for use in practice in terms of diagnostic, therapeutic and rehabilitation perspectives (prevalence, diagnosis, treatment complications, specific treatment needs and treatment perspective). The results of the main research generally suggest that the high prevalence of ADHD in people treated in therapeutic communities is a key topic that expands the current spectrum of dual diagnoses in people in treatment. At the same time, there is a need to set up ADHD diagnostics when using a unified diagnostic tool and to observe the basic rules of diagnostics with regard to neurobiological findings. Complications in the treatment of people with ADHD are at a high level, both at the beginning and in the treatment process. The specifics of clients with ADHD in treatment and gender differences point to ADHD as a complicating factor in treatment. People with ADHD in the therapeutic community show complicated psychiatric and addictological profiles, but their state of motivation is as high at entry as in people without ADHD. However, in the treatment process, a decrease in motivation was demonstrated only in the group of people with ADHD. In summary, ADHD in people treated in therapeutic communities and in people abstinent can have a major impact on the ability to complete treatment and benefit from the treatment program compared to other clients. The data suggest that ADHD may affect the state of motivation in the treatment process. These findings imply the need to intervene in the diagnosis of ADHD and to individualize treatment and rehabilitation approaches across treatment facilities. Significant areas for the treatment perspective of people with ADHD in therapeutic communities affect the entire biopsychosocial area of people with ADHD and their specific problems.