Geopolitical Effect of International Indifference towards the TBVC States in South Africa

• Název v anglickém jazyce: Geopolitical Effect of International Indifference towards the TBVC States in South Africa
• Klíčová slova: South Africa, geopolitics, bantustans, international recognition, apartheid, Bophuthatswana, Ciskei, Transkei, Venda
• Klíčová slova anglicky: Jihoafrická republika, bantustany, mezinárodní uznání, apartheid, Bophuthatswana, Ciskei, Transkei, Venda
• Akademický rok vypsání: 2012/2013
• Typ práce: diplomová práce
• Jazyk práce: angličtina
• Ústav: Katedra politologie (23-KP)
• Vedoucí / školitel: doc. Martin Riegl, Ph.D.
• Konzultanti: doc. Martin Riegl, Ph.D.

Zásady pro vypracování

Overview: Segregation policies have been present in the Republic of South Africa since the nineteenth century, at which time the country was under Dutch and British rule. These policies were designed to physically separate white South Africans from black South Africans. After the National Party came to power in 1948, they implemented legislation that further enforced separation based on racial differences. They classified the country into four distinct racial groups, which were then further separated into thirteen nations. These nations were intended to represent different ethnic groups; ten were allocated to black ethnic groups. Of these ten, four states - Transkei, Bophuthatswana, Venda, and Ciskei, also known as the TBVC states - gained independence from South Africa. While these states were considered independent, the international community failed to recognize their diplomatic status. The current political situation in the RSA has been greatly influenced by events of the past, including the lack of diplomatic recognition.

Thesis: The lack of international recognition of the TBVC states further strengthened apartheid in the RSA and can be referenced as a source of current political problems.

Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to highlight the effect of international difference towards the four independent TBVC states in the Republic of South Africa during the apartheid era.

Approaches: A diachronic approach will be utilized to analyze the roots of the current situation in the Republic of South Africa.

Methods: Historical analyses and comparative case studies.

Methodology:

1. The sociopolitical history of the Republic of South Africa will be analyzed to set a foundation for the developments of the apartheid era.
2. The various ethnic groups found within the Republic of South Africa, specifically Whites, Blacks, Coloureds, and Asians/Indians, will be characterized by aspects including culture and societal position. This will provide a foundation for analyzing the ethnic and racial tensions present within the country.
3. The social and legal effect of the implementation of apartheid on the black ethnic groups will be further explored. This includes the South African justification for the forced segregation and the creation of the homelands. Specific attention will be paid to the independent homelands: Transkei, Bophuthatswana, Venda, and Ciskei.
4. The situation in the TBVC states will be compared to the situation in the other homelands, as well as with the Republic of South Africa to emphasize the effect of the degree of autonomy on the political and economic situation.
5. The overall international attitude towards the TBVC states will be established through the characterization of the situation regarding segregation present in the United States, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and Israel. This will include analysis of domestic laws and attitudes pertaining to segregation of different ethnic groups at the time to explain the country’s lack of diplomatic recognition.
6. The conflicts between the establishment of the TBVC nations with the charter of the United Nations will be examined. This will provide further insight to the lack of international recognition.
7. The negative consequences of lack of international recognition will be identified. These will then be related to the current geopolitical problems within the Republic of South Africa.

Seznam odborné literatury

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Clark, Nancy, and William Worger. South Africa: The Rise and Fall of Apartheid. 2nd ed. Harlow: Pearson, 2011.

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Předběžná náplň práce

Preliminary Table of Contents:
I. Introduction
II. Pre-Apartheid History: analysis of the sociopolitical history of the RSA, from the 1806 Cape Articles of Capitulation through the 1948 general election.
III. The Beginning of Apartheid in the Republic of South Africa
a. Establishment of Apartheid: results of 1948 general election, implementation of apartheid policies, effect of the racial classification on society (social and legal norms)
b. Establishment of the TBVC states (1970s): rational for establishment, analysis of political and economic situation within the countries (societal problems, composition of local government, international situation), comparison of the situation in the TBVC states with that found in the other homeland states and the RSA
IV. The Situation under Apartheid (1950s-1994)
a. Attitude towards apartheid in the TBVC countries
b. Attitude towards apartheid in the RSA
c. Establishment of the Anti-Apartheid Movement
d. Emerging problems (economy, government)
V. International attitude
a. Analysis of the segregation situation present within four other countries during the 1970s and explanation for lack of diplomatic recognition of TBVC states
i. The United States: effect of the domestic Civil Rights Movement on international attitude
ii. The United Kingdom
iii. The Soviet Union
iv. Israel, especially focusing on the idea of support for an ethnic state, similar to the Jewish experience
b. Conflict of the establishment of the TBVC states with the UN Charter
c. Attitude of neighboring countries
VI. Consequences of lack of international diplomatic recognition in the TBVC countries
a. Political problems: lack of representation, oppression of political rights
b. Economic problems: lack of development, infrastructure
c. Social problems: divided society (ethnic and economic)
VII. Conclusion
VIII. Bibliography