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Introduction to the study of the history of mathematics.
The first historical mathematical texts. Egypt - notation of
numbers, arithmetic operations, some computational problems,
geometry: areas of planar figures. Mesopotamia - cuneiform symbols
of numbers, approximate methods of arithmetic calculations,
tabulation of arithmetic operations, quadratic equations.
Mathematics in Ancient Greece. Pythagorean teachings of even and odd.
Irrationalities and Eudox's theory of quantities. Classical
geometric problems (trisection of the angle, quadrature of a circle
and doubling of a cube). The axiomatic system of Euclids Elements.
Proof of Pythagorean Theorem. Criticism of the axiom about parallel lines.
Zenon's aporia. Eudox's exhaustive method. Archimedes quadrature
of the parabola segment. Mathematics of China, India,
their character and influence on Arabic written mathematical texts.
European familiarization with the results of oriental mathematics.
The first independent results of European mathematics.
Poslední úprava: Kvasz Ladislav, prof. RNDr., DSc., Dr. (10.09.2024)
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Studující bude mít základní představu o historii matematiky a především o tom, jak se matematika v historii měnila a jak se měnily její pojmy. Poslední úprava: Kvasz Ladislav, prof. RNDr., DSc., Dr. (17.09.2024)
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Poslední úprava: Kvasz Ladislav, prof. RNDr., DSc., Dr. (10.09.2024)
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Ladislav Kvasz (2008): Patterns of Change. Birkhauser, Basel. Ivor Grattan-Guiness (ed.) (1994): Companion Encyclopedia of the History and Philosophy of the Mathematical Sciences, Routledge, London Poslední úprava: Kvasz Ladislav, prof. RNDr., DSc., Dr. (10.09.2024)
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Every student has to choose some of the historical texts discussed in the course and write an essay having from 4 to 8 pages that contains: 1. an exposition of the main aim, concepts and methods of the historical text 2. a discussion of the concepts and methods from the viewpoint of contemporary mathematics 3. a discussion of the potential of the historical text for use in classroom (interesting problems, motivating examples, illustration of the uses of mathematics learned in the classroom) Poslední úprava: Kvasz Ladislav, prof. RNDr., DSc., Dr. (10.09.2024)
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In the course the languages of the following fundamental mathematical theories: elementary arithmetic, synthetic geometry, algebra, analytic geometry differential and integral calculus, fractal geometry, predicate logic, set theory will be analyzed from the point of view of six basic linguistic parameters: logical power, expressive power, methodological power, integrative power explanatory power, and metaphorical power. Poslední úprava: Kvasz Ladislav, prof. RNDr., DSc., Dr. (10.09.2024)
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https://dl1.cuni.cz/course/view.php?id=7866 Poslední úprava: Kvasz Ladislav, prof. RNDr., DSc., Dr. (10.09.2024)
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Studující vysvětlí motivaci a kontext vzniku vybraných matematických pojmů a tvrzení. Studující s porozuměním a pomocí konkrétních příkladů bude schopen vysvětlit, jak matematici postupovali v minulosti. Poslední úprava: Kvasz Ladislav, prof. RNDr., DSc., Dr. (17.09.2024)
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