Předměty

Poslední úprava: RNDr. Mgr. Jiří Kroutil, Ph.D. (14.05.2009)

Na základě rozboru aktuálně publikovaných článků rozebírány a diskutovány vybrané problémy jako např.: Selektivní organická syntéza, stereochemické řízení reakčního procesu, využití organokovové chemie a katalýzy, chránící skupiny v organické syntéze, syntéza glykosidů a jejich biologické vlastnosti, využití sacharidů jako zdrojů chirality při syntéze opticky aktivních sloučenin, biosyntéza sekundárních metabolitů, chemotaxonomie, syntéza přírodních látek a jejich analogů, fotochemie a chemie volných radikálů, organické reakce iniciované ultrazvukem a mikrovlnným zářením.

Poslední úprava: prof. RNDr. Martin Kotora, CSc. (11.09.2013)

1. HSBA theory
Pearson’s theory of acids and bases and its applicaiton in in organic synthesis. Ambivalent nucleuophile reactivity and confrontation with Mayr theory, etc.

2. Fotochemistry
Physical concepts of photochemistry will be briefly summarized and several examples of photochemical reactions from organic chemistry will be discussed (Norrish reactions, photoisomerizations, photoremovable protecting groups).

3. Cycloaddition reactions
Classical examples of cycloaddition, ene and electrocyclic reactions in toal syntheses.

4. Cyclobutadiene and Dewar benzenes in organic synthesis
Preparation of cyclobutadiene, its reactions and application in organic synthesis (syntheses of natural compounds). Preparation of Dewar benzenes, their properties, rearrangements and application in organic synthesis.

5. Allenes and thjeir reactions
Preparation of allenes, stability and reactivity, their cycloaddition reations and other applications in organic synthesis.

6. Selected rearrangements in organic synthesis
Selected [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangements, rearrangements associated with ring expansion or contraction, their application in total syntheses of natural compounds.

7. Radical reactions in organic synthesis.
Introduction into radical reactions and their comparison with ionic reactions. McCombie-Bartona reaction (deoxygenation), reductive dehalogenation and its application in tandem reactions (formation of C-C bonds), cycloaromatization, radical reactions in total syntheses of natural compounds.

8. Applied organic synthesis
Application of transition metal compounds in synthesis of API: characteristic features of processes; important examples of C-C/C-N bond formations, catalytic oxidation, asymetric hydrogenation; techniques for removal of traces of transition metals from API.

9. Bioorthogonal chemistry (organic chemistry in biomolecules)
Fundamentals of biomolecule synthesis.

10. Dynamic combinatorial chemistry

11. Supramolecular polymers

12. Molecular machines and devices

13. Biotransformation of organic molecules

Poslední úprava: prof. RNDr. Martin Kotora, CSc. (10.05.2012)

Jedná se o přehledné články vycházející zejména v časopisech:

Chemical Reviews

Chemical Society Reviews

Angewandle Chemie International Edition

European Journal of Organic Chemistry

Poslední úprava: prof. RNDr. Martin Kotora, CSc. (10.05.2012)

Review articles in the following journal should serve as a source of information:

Chemical Reviews

Chemical Society Reviews

Angewandle Chemie International Edition

European Journal of Organic Chemistry

Poslední úprava: prof. RNDr. Martin Kotora, CSc. (13.05.2012)

Podmínky budou upřesněny vždy na začátku kurzu.

Poslední úprava: prof. RNDr. Martin Kotora, CSc. (08.10.2013)

Conditions will be always specified at the beginning of the course.

Poslední úprava: prof. RNDr. Martin Kotora, CSc. (08.10.2013)

1. HSBA (Jan Veselý)

Pearson’s theory of acids and bases and its applicaiton in in organic synthesis. Ambivalent nucleuophile reactivity and confrontation with Mayr theory, etc.

2. Fotochemistry (Jana Roithová)

Physical concepts of photochemistry will be briefly summarized and several examples of photochemical reactions from organic chemistry will be discussed (Norrish reactions, photoisomerizations, photoremovable protecting groups).

3. Cycloaddition reactions (Aleš Machara)

Classical examples of cycloaddition, ene and electrocyclic reactions in toal syntheses.

4. Cyclobutadiene and Dewar benzenes in organic synthesis (Martin Kotora)

Preparation of cyclobutadiene, its reactions and application in organic synthesis (syntheses of natural compounds). Preparation of Dewar benzenes, their properties, rearrangements and application in organic synthesis.

5. Allenes and their reactions (Jan Veselý)

Preparation of allenes, stability and reactivity, their cycloaddition reations and other applications in organic synthesis.

6. Selected rearrangements in organic synthesis (Jan Veselý)

Selected [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangements, rearrangements associated with ring expansion or contraction, their application in total syntheses of natural compounds.

7. Radical reactions in organic synthesis (Martin Kotora)

Introduction into radical reactions and their comparison with ionic reactions. McCombie-Bartona reaction (deoxygenation), reductive dehalogenation and its application in tandem reactions (formation of C-C bonds), cycloaromatization, radical reactions in total syntheses of natural compounds.

8. Applied organic synthesis (Aleš Machara)

Application of transition metal compounds in synthesis of API: characteristic features of processes; important examples of C-C/C-N bond formations, catalytic oxidation, asymetric hydrogenation; techniques for removal of traces of transition metals from API

9. Bioorthogonal chemistry (organic chemistry in biomolecules)(Michal Hocek)

Fundamentals of biomolecule synthesis Základy syntéz biomolekul (peptidy, oligonukleotidy, oligosacharidy) a biokonjugační reakce (click reakce, ligace atd.)

10. Dynamic combinatorial chemistry (Dušan Drahoňovský)

Dynamic covalent and supramolecular systems, virual structural libraries, molecular selection and evolution, examples of application

11. Supramolecular polymers (Jindřich Jindřich)

Mechanism of supramolećular polymerization, supramolecular polymers based on hydrogen bonding, polymerization of ditopic cavitand monoers, cyclodextrin supramolecular polymers, methods of supramolecular polymer characterization, stimuli responsive systems

12. Molecular machines and devices Dušan Drahoňovský)

General concept, electron and energy transfer, molecular switches, logic devices, mechanical movement of molecules - linear, rotational etc.

13. Biotransformation of organic molecules (Stanislav Smrček)

Biocatalyst classification, mechanism of biocatalytic reactions (redox, substitution, addition, elimination, hydrolysis, racemate separation), enzymatic reactions in organic solvents, cultivation and isolation mezthods in biocatalysis