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This course explores migrations in the Balkan Peninsula during the 20th century and early 21st centuries. Through a series of thirteen seminars, the primary objective is to give students a comprehensive overview of the significant impacts of migration in the Balkan Peninsula during this time period, with a focus on specific states and their comparisons. This course places emphasis on a detailed exploration of various types of migration (including forced migrations, economic migrations, return/repatriation) and their distinct forms and characteristics. By examining Balkan migrations, the seminars delve into the multifaceted aspects of mass movements and explore their connections to migration scholarship and relevant theoretical literature. The micro and macro perspectives afforded by case studies and regional overviews offer complementary insights into the causes, processes, and consequences of population shifts in the Balkan Peninsula during the late 20th and early 21st centuries. Poslední úprava: Žíla Ondřej, PhDr., Ph.D. (02.07.2024)
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This course aims to offer students a comprehensive overview of the significant impacts of migration in the Balkan Peninsula, with a focus on selected state case studies and their comparisons. The introductory lecture will provide a summary of migration dynamics in the Balkans during the 20th and 21st centuries. This course is organized into three thematic units. The first unit will focus on forced migrations and will discuss ethnic (forced) migrations in the Balkans chronologically, covering the early 20th century, World War II and its aftermath, the socialist era, and the dissolution of the former Yugoslavia. The final seminar in this unit will analyze refugees and internally displaced persons in relation to European migration policies. The second unit will examine the (non)-return migration agenda in the post-Yugoslav Western Balkans. By providing macroregional perspectives and specific state-level case studies, this course offers complementary insights into the drivers, processes, and impacts of Balkan population shifts across the late 20th and early 21st centuries. This unit focuses on reversing the outcomes of ethnic cleansing campaigns through return migration. It examines various aspects related to repatriation of refugees and internally displaced persons, European state policies on return migration, minority return dynamics, and the myth of return cultivated and shared among displaced populations. The concluding seminar summarizes the aftermath of forced migrations and its impact on the ethno-demographic composition of post-Yugoslav republics in the 21st century. The third and final unit of the course focuses on economic migration and its impacts in the Balkan region. This unit analyzes various facets of economically motivated migrations, including the phenomenon of guest workers (Gastarbeiters), brain drain, and brain gain, as well as the role and significance of remittances in post-war, post-socialist, and post-Yugoslav societies. This unit concludes with a discussion of transnationalism in the 21st-century Balkans. Poslední úprava: Žíla Ondřej, PhDr., Ph.D. (02.07.2024)
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Grading is based on the Dean's Measure no. 20/2019: https://fsv.cuni.cz/deans-measure-no-20/2019
Poslední úprava: Žíla Ondřej, PhDr., Ph.D. (02.07.2024)
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Required reading: See the reader of selected required reading for each seminar.
Recommended Books: Adelman, Howard, and Elazar Barkan. 2011. No Return, No Refuge: Rites and Rights in Minority Repatriation. Columbia University Press. Ahonen, Pertti, ed. 2008. People on the Move: Forced Population Movements in Europe in the Second World War and Its Aftermath. English ed. Occupation in Europe. Oxford ; New York: Berg. Bade, Klaus J., and Allison Brown. 2003. Migration in European History. 1st pub. The Making of Europe. Malden: Blackwell Publishing. Bade, Klaus J., P. C. Emmer, Leo Lucassen, Jochen Oltmer, Corrie van Eijl, Marlou Schover, Michael Schubert, and Jutta Tiemeyer, eds. 2013. The Encyclopedia of Migration and Minorities in Europe: From the 17th Century to the Present. First paperback edition. New York: Cambridge University Press. Ballinger, Pamela. 2012. “Borders and the Rhythms of Displacement, Emplacement and Mobility.” In A Companion to Border Studies, edited by Thomas M. Wilson and Hastings Donnan, 387–404. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. doi:10.1002/9781118255223.ch22. Black, Richard, and Khalid Koser. 1999. The End of the Refugee Cycle?: Refugee Repatriation and Reconstruction. Berghahn Books. Bonifazi, Corrado, and Marija Mamolo. 2004. “Past and Current Trends of Balkan Migrations.” Espace Populations Sociétés. Space Populations Societies, no. 2004/3 (December). Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille: 519–531. doi:10.4000/eps.356. Carmichael, Cathie. 2002. Ethnic Cleansing in the Balkans: Nationalism and the Destruction of Tradition. Routledge Advances in European Politics 8. London ; New York: Routledge. Carter, F. W. 1993. “Ethnicity as a Cause of Migration in Eastern Europe.” GeoJournal 30 (3): 241–248. doi:10.1007/BF00806713. Castles, Stephen, Hein de Haas, and Mark J. Miller. 2014. The Age of Migration: International Population Movements in the Modern World. Fifth edition. New York ; London: The Guilford Press. Clark, Bruce. 2006. Twice a Stranger: The Mass Expulsions That Forged Modern Greece and Turkey. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press. Helton, Arthur C., and Pamela Birchenough. 1996. “Forced Migration in Europe.” The Fletcher Forum of World Affairs 20 (2). The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy: 89–100. Hynes, Patricia. 2021. Introducing Forced Migration. First edition. Rethinking Development. London: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group. Lieberman, Benjamin David. 2013. Terrible Fate: Ethnic Cleansing in the Making of Modern Europe. First Rowman&Littlefield edition. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. Long, Katy. 2013. The Point of No Return: Refugees, Rights, and Repatriation. OUP Oxford. Mojzes, Paul. 2011. Balkan Genocides: Holocaust and Ethnic Cleansing in the Twentieth Century. Studies in Genocide : Religion, History, and Human Rights. Lanham: Rowman Littlefield Publishers. Morawska, Ewa. 2000. “Intended and Unintended Consequences of Forced Migrations: A Neglected Aspect of East Europe’s Twentieth Century History.” International Migration Review 34 (4). SAGE Publications Inc: 1049–1087. doi:10.1177/019791830003400401. Mulaj, Kledja. 2008. Politics of Ethnic Cleansing: Nation-State Building and Provision of in/Security in Twentieth-Century Balkans. Lanham: Lexington Books. Naimark, Norman M. 2001. Fires of Hatred: Ethnic Cleansing in Twentieth-Century Europe. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press. Roth, Klaus, and Jutta Lauth Bacas, eds. 2011. Migration in, from, and to Southeastern Europe. Part 2: Ways and Strategies of Migrating. Ethnologia Balkanica 14. Berlin: Lit Verlag. Stola, Dariusz. 1992. “Forced Migrations in Central European History.” International Migration Review 26 (2). SAGE Publications Inc: 324–341. doi:10.1177/019791839202600208. Sundhaussen, Holm. 2010. Forced Ethnic Migration. Inst. f. Europ. Geschichte. Ther, Philipp. 2016. The Dark Side of Nation-States: Ethnic Cleansing in Modern Europe. volume 19. New York ; Oxford: Berghahn. Poslední úprava: Žíla Ondřej, PhDr., Ph.D. (02.07.2024)
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Regular reading of the required texts for every single class is obligatory for all participants without exception.
Poslední úprava: Žíla Ondřej, PhDr., Ph.D. (02.07.2024)
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Requirements: The course requires the attendance of at least 70% (i.e. 9 seminars). Regular reading of the required texts for every single class is obligatory for all participants, without exception. Students have to write a final paper (up to 3.000 words), an analysis of a chosen topic. The text written in the academic style includes footnotes and references (please use at least 10 independent academic sources). The final paper is supposed to be submitted to my e-mail address ondrej.zila@fsv.cuni.cz no later than 5 January 2025. Finally, there will be a final written exam (essay) at the end of the course. Assessment In terms of assessment, this is how you will be assessed in this course: 20% activity in the class (class reading) - ability to answer the questions and formulate own view, based on readings 40% final paper based on readings and classes. 40% Final exam.
A) 100 - 91% (B) 90 - 81% (C) 80- 71% (D) 70-61 (E) 60-51 (F) less than 50% Based on Dean's Measure 20/2019: https://fsv.cuni.cz/deans-measure-no-20/2019 Note on plagiarism Students should follow the rules of academic conduct. Any instance of plagiarism will be immediately delivered to the Disciplinary commission for further decision. Please consult with the lecturer about any uncertainties before you submit your paper.
Poslední úprava: Žíla Ondřej, PhDr., Ph.D. (02.07.2024)
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Introduction 1) The Introductory Characteristics, Typology, and Concepts of Migrations in the Balkans in the 20th and 21st Centuries 2) The Dynamics of Migrations in the Balkans in the 20th and 21st Centuries
I. Part – Ethnic (Forced) Migrations in the Balkans 3) Post-WWI Aftermath: Deportations, Expulsions, Ethnic Un-mixing. 4) Ethnic cleansing and genocide during World War II. 5) The aftermath of World War II: Expulsions vs Internal Colonization and Resettlement 6) The Socialist Era: Exchange of Population 7) The dissolution of the SFRY: Ethnic Cleansing as a strategy of building nation-states.
II. Part – (Non)-Return of Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons to the Western Balkans 8) The Right to Return – Return Migration Policy of European States 9) Minority Return and Reversing Ethnic Cleansing Outcomes – The Transformation of Ethno-Demographic Reality in the ex-Yugoslav Republics 10) The Myth of Return
III. Economic migration in the Balkans 11) Economic Migration I.: The Yugoslav Gastarbeiters in Western Europe 12) Economic Migrations II.: Transnationalism in the Balkans in the 21st Century, the role of Diaspora, Brain Drain, Brain Gain 13) Migration and Borders in the 21st century
Poslední úprava: Žíla Ondřej, PhDr., Ph.D. (02.07.2024)
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