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Poslední úprava: doc. PhDr. Jiří Vykoukal, CSc. (09.06.2019)
The aim of this course is to closely follow the often turbulent development of the Balkan region from the perspective of displacement and migration. The essence is to tackle various stereotypes and misinterpretations that are still hunting the Balkan region. Chronologically, the course will follow the fall of communist regimes in the region, Yugoslav wars, political transformation in Romania and Bulgaria, the commencement and progress of the integration process into the EU and also current political hindrances in the region. Apart from observing the political and international context of the last 20 years in the Balkans, it is necessary to understand the theoretical approaches and general context in which the region develops. Individual lectures will thus combine factual approach with theoretical one - political transformation, EU integration, populism, ethnicity/nationality (theories primordialism/constructivism/essentialism), national and territorial soverignty, memory, commemoration and public history etc. The objective of this course is to enable the students to approach the Balkan affairs in its complexity, understanding as well as applying theoretical context on contemporary Balkans. |
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Poslední úprava: doc. PhDr. Jiří Vykoukal, CSc. (09.06.2019)
Study obligations: 1) Presentation of a chosen topic - Student sends structure of presentation to his/her tutor no later than 1 week before his/her oral presentation and complete presentation 3 days before the lecture. Student must respond to comments of his/her tutor. Student has to use ppt/prezi during his/her presentation 2) Essay on the presentation topic in the form of an entry publishable at the https://www.encyclopediaofmigration.org/ (2 standard pages - 3600 characters including spaces) - Student writes the entry on the presentation topic and sends it to his/her tutor no later than 2 weeks after his/her oral presentation. Student without oral presentation has to write 2 entries on chosen (related) topics and send it to the tutor no later than 15.12.2018. Tutors will be assigned to students based on territorial and thematic focus. Students are obliged to consult the topics (deadline 1.11.2018) with their tutors and meet all deadlines otherwise fail the course. 3) Oral exam - related to student's topic(s) + topic of student's tutor 4) Active participation - involvement in discussions, proactive communication with tutors, obligatory reading 5) Attendance - maximum one unexcused absence during the course The levels of individual assessments:
Grading from the total result is determined as follows: • 91 and more = A • 81 - 90 % = B • 71 - 80 % = C • 61 - 70 % = D • 51 - 60 % = E • 0 - 50 % = F |
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Poslední úprava: doc. PhDr. Jiří Vykoukal, CSc. (09.06.2019)
The aim of the course is to firstly introduce and explain the theoretical background of particular issues. Based on literature and lecturer's presentation the students will have an opportunity to look inside the theoretical background of social sciences. Following, the other part of the lecture will focus on understanding case studies from the Balkans based on the theoretical knowledge. One of the main goals is to give students possibility to actively participate in classes and to practice the usage of different skills - presentation, writing, analysis, argumentation, working with study materials etc. The so called buddy system should help to achieve this goal. Students will closely cooperate with their tutors who will consult their work during the semester. Additionally all lectures, presentations and essays will be supervised by garants of the course PhDr. Karin Hofmeisterová and PhDr. Jiří Kocián. |
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Poslední úprava: doc. PhDr. Jiří Vykoukal, CSc. (09.06.2019)
1) Introduction - Kateřina Králová / Jiří Kocián (9.10.2018) Course description and assessment Presentation of the online platform Encyclopedia of Migration - http://encyklopedie.org/ 2) Two centuries of Balkan History - Jiří Kocián (16.10.2018) This class will offer a basic overview of the historical and political development in the Balkan peninsula during the 19th and 20th century. Acquirement of such a knowledge background offers a perspective to understand long term processes of the (re-)formation of South-East European states as well as historically entrenched principles of nation- and identity building. Presentation topics: a) The "Catastrophic" consequence - population exchange between Turkey and Greece in 1923
b) Post-Holocaust Jewish emigration from the Balkans
c) "De-Germanization" of the Balkans after WWII (oral presentation) - Laurence Collien
The student without presentation (two entries) - Adéla Krausová
Reading:
Maria Todorova, Imagining the Balkans, pp. 4-20.
3) Migration in Greece after 1989 - Nikola Karasová (23.10.2018) The lecture is going to map migration trends in Greece after 1989. During the 1990s the prevailing migration flow constituted of mostly economic and clandestine migrants arriving to Greece from post-communist countries (Albania, former Yugoslavia, Eastern bloc). Following the 2000s, the countries of migrants' origin started changing. The number of migrants and refugees from Asian and African countries (both economic and political ones, legal and illegal), had been on the rise peaking in 2015 when almost one million of immigrants entered the country. As a result of the 2009 economic crisis we could observe decreasing ability of the Greek state to challenge these immigration flows. At the same time there was a steep increase in economically motivated emigration of young educated Greeks to Western countries (brain-drain). In all cases, migration resonated among political parties and their voters and had a significant impact on Greek politics (far-right, anti-immigration policies etc.). Reading: Alexandros Sakellariou (2017) Fear of Islam in Greece: migration, terrorism, and “ghosts” from the past, Nationalities Papers, 45:4, 511-523, DOI: 10.1080/00905992.2017.1294561 Presentation topics a) Migration crisis in Greece (For example: When? Which migrants and from where? What migration routes? What migration policies implemented by the government?) b) Brain-drain of young educated Greeks – Result of the economic crisis? - (oral presentation) - Elisa Aubin The student without presentation (two entries) - David José Scheidl
4) Greece as a safeguard of Europe - Kateřina Králová (30.10.2018) In 2015, armed conflict in Syria as well as unsettled situation in Afghanistan, Iraq and elsewhere triggered what has been since described in public discourse as “migration crisis”. In our class we will first elaborate on the terminology being used in this context and then focus on the impact of this population inflow in Europe and particularly in Greece, how they responded to it, how they deal with it ad hoc and what are the prospects. Presentation topic: Refugee Facilities in Greece: From Idomeni to Kara Tepe - (oral presentation) - Nina Skoupilová The student without presentation (two entries) - Joshua Nathan Williams Reading: Zara Steiner (2017) "Refugees: The Timeless Problem", in Frank, Matthew James, and Jessica Reinisch. Refugees in Europe, 1919-1959: a forty years' crisis?, p. 21-31. Dan Stone (2017) Concentration Camps, p. 109-17. For presentation follow current reports in news.
5) Post-conflict development in BiH after 1995 - Veronika Grossová (6.11.2018) The war in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1992-1995 has left tens of thousands of lives lost, driven hundreds of thousands of people from their homes and destroyed the country’s economy. The Dayton Peace Agreement, which was signed under the supervision of the international community, terminated the war and set the basic framework for the post-war political functioning of the country. In this lesson, we will examine the main points of post-conflict reconstruction, discuss the idea of reconciliation and talk about the long-term consequences of the war. Presentation topics: a) Postwar majority and minority returns b) „Hidden“ consequences of the war - PTSD, war babies - Adalberto Luna Rodriguez Bueno The student without presentation (two entries) - Marius Kürzel Reading: Keil, Soeren and Anastasiia Kudlenko. "Bosnia and Herzegovina Twenty Years after Dayton: Complexity Born of Paradoxes". International Peacekeeping 22, No. 5 (2015). (optional) Eastmond, Maria. "INTRODUCTION: Reconciliation, reconstruction, and everyday life in war-torn societies". Journal of Global and Historical Anthropology 57 (2010).
6) The Politics of Memory in the Balkans - Barbora Chrzová (13.11.2018) History and memory serve as bases on which national and ethnic identities are built because they tell us where we have come from, who we are and where we are heading. Yet history is not stored in the past but it is always closely linked to the political context which gives history its meaning and links it to the present. History and a collective memory are powerful tools of social mobilization, they are sources of legitimacy for the ruling class and they are deeply embedded in conflicts. The sudden collapse of communist regimes in the Balkans saw memory landscapes violently transformed. The lecture deals with the politics of history in the Balkans after 1989. More specifically, it will examine how history had been used to fuel conflicts during the violent break-up of Yugoslavia and the role of history in the process of post-war reconciliation. Presentation topics: a) Competing narratives of the Operation Storm (1995)
b) The memory of those who perished in the transformed memory landscapes in the aftermath of war - struggles for remembering Srebrenica - Serine Linde Helland The student without presentation (two entries) - Thomas Alleaume Reading: Moll, Nicolas. "Fragmented memories in a fragmented country: memory competition and political identity-building in today's Bosnia and Herzegovina." Nationalities Papers 41, no. 6 (2013): 910-935. (optional) Banjeglav, Tamara. "Conflicting memories, competing narratives and contested histories in Croatia’s post-war commemorative practices." Politička misao: časopis za politologiju 49, no. 5 (2013): 7-31. (optional) Cohen, Laura Beth. “Contesting Memories of Genocide: The Memorialization of Srebrenica, Bosnia i Herzegovina.” ECPR General Conference 2014, Glasgow. Further reading: Ramet, Sabrina. “The Dissolution of Yugoslavia: Competing Narratives of Resentment and Blame.” Southeast Europe Journal of Politics and Society 1 (2007): 26-69. Miller, Paul B. "Contested memories: the Bosnian genocide in Serb and Muslim minds." Journal of Genocide Research 8, no. 3 (2006): 311-324.
7) Religion and Churches in the (Western) Balkans - Karin Hofmeisterová (20.11.2018) The breakup of Yugoslavia accompanied by the greatest military conflict in Europe since the Second World War has been often interpreted in a simplified way as inevitable because of the extreme ethnic and religious heterogeneity of the region. The bloody disintegration of the region has been also understood as a conflict of three dominant creeds: Islam, Catholicism and Christian Orthodoxy. What was the actual role of the churches representing these faiths in the conflicts and in the process of national mobilization? Were religions and religious communities used by nationalist politics in their nationalist and political schemes? Or, conversely, did churches exploit nationalist euphoria and policies in achieving their own goals? Did they play an active or passive role in the 1990’s? The lecture examines the issue focusing mainly on the case of the Serbian Orthodox Church and the Islamic Community. Presentation topics: a) Serbian Orthodox Church as a factor of identity preservation among Serbs living in the diaspora
b) Balkan jihadists - a specific form of mobility - Titouan De Francesco
c) Religious aspect of the ongoing refugee crisis - "Islamophobia" in the Balkans
Reading: Perica, Vjekoslav. Balkan Idols. Religion and Nationalism in Yugoslav States. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002, Chapter 10 Religion as Hallmark of Nationhood (Optional) Velikonja, Mitja. "Religious Symbolism in the Balkan Wars 1991-1995". International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society, Vol. 17, No. 1, Studies in the Social History of Destruction: The Case of Yugoslavia (Fall, 2003), pp. 25-40.
8) “The competing narratives and the implications on Kosovo – Serbia relations in the 90s” - Arban Mehmeti (27.11.2018) The lecture on “The competing narratives and the implications on the Kosovo – Serbia relations in the 90s”, is a general reflection on the actions taken by the Serbian and the Kosovar actors to create (invent and reinvent) the narrative about Kosovo after the fall of Yugoslavia. These efforts on both sides were intended to claim the right to Kosovo’s past and certainly the right to decide about its future. The “engineers” of such attempts were not only official state institutions but also cultural institutions, religious institutions, the media, and the international actors. The second part of the lecture deals with the impact these competing narratives had on the relations between Kosovo and Serbia in the 90s and today. Presentations topics: a) The Kosovar Diaspora as an actor in the struggle for independence in the 1990s - Emir Tahiri b) The Kosovar Diaspora role in supporting Parallel structures (especially Education) Reading: Clark, Howard. Civil Resistance in Kosovo. London: Pluto Press, 2000. pp. 15 – 20; pp. 39 – 41; pp. 66 – 69. Judah, Tim. Kosovo. What everyone needs to know. New York: Oxford University Press, 2008. pp. 64-74 (optional) Malcolm, Noel. Kosovo. A Short History. London: Macmillan, 1998. (optional) Said, Edward. Culture and Imperialism. London: Vintage, 1994. Introduction xii – xiii.
9) Is Turkey Democratic? : Changing Notions of Democracy in the AKP Era - Jacob Maze (4.12.2018) In headlines today, it is not uncommon to hear about the authoritarianism present in Turkish politics nor to see people compare Turkish president Recep Tayyip Erdogan to a dictator. Yet, this image is very different than the one from the early 2000s where the international community regarded Erdogan as a model democratic president in the Middle East, triumphing where others had fail. What happened? In this lecture, we’ll take a look at the evolving relationship between Erdogan’s Adalet ve Kalkinma Partisi (Justice and Development Party, AKP) and liberal democracy. While many have interpreted Erdogan’s actions as a ruthless ruler unwilling to put up with dissent, the dilemmas that his party has manifested run much deeper in Turkey’s political system. Since the country’s first actual democratic elections in 1950, deep social rifts have been polarized, mass segments of the population have been suppressed, coups have become common place, political institutions have functioned in an exclusionary manner and “strong-men” politics has been popularized. While many of the stories we read about Turkey would have us believe it is a unique and dangerous party, I would like to contextualize this in Turkish politics to show that they have many similarities to the non-Islamic, military-backed wings of the political spectrum. In doing so, this can help us make sense of the political situation facing Turkey today. Presentation topics:
a) Internal (forced) Migration of the Kurds
b) Emigration after the July 2016 Coup - Anna Leandra Fisher
Reading:
Çinar, Menderes. 2018. “From Moderation to De-Moderation: Democratic Backsliding of the AKP in Turkey,” in The Politics of Islam: Diverging Visions and Trajectories, edited by John L. Esposito, Lily Zubaidah Rahim and Naser Ghobadzadeh, 127-157. New York: Palgrave MacMillan. [Read from pp. 127-141] 10) Russian influence in the Balkans - Jan Koutník (11.12.2018)
Presentation topics: a) Russian diaspora in the Balkans - a tool of Russian political influence? - Steven Fox
b) Economic emigration from the Balkans to Russia
Reading: Hoxha, Abit, Arber Ahmeti, a Agim Musliu. (2015) "Russian Influence in the Western Balkans. Carrot or Stick?" In Russia in the Balkans. Threat or Opportunity?. In The Yearbook of the Institute of East-Central Europe. Instytut Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej. pp. 61–86.
11) Between the “Northern Epirus” and “Chameria”: Discursive life of the Greek-Albanian borderlands - Ekaterina Zheltova (18.12.2018) The border area of the Albanian-Greek frontiers as well as the broader symbolic transnational space in between presents a vivid example of conflicting national discourses as well as of human life-stories unfolding in a dialogue with those. This lecture offers a brief overview of the Albanian-Greek borderland’s history and deals with the political, social and cultural transformations that took place after the fall of the communist regime in Albania. A special focus is made on combining the macro- and micro-level perspectives and on analysis of local discursive practices. Presentation topics: a) Migration from Albania to Greece from 1989 till today and/or return-migration - Jeroným Vnouček b) The “Issue of Northern Epirus” and the Greek speakers of Albania today c) Chameria as a historical region and a symbolic construct Reading: Nitsiakos, V. (2013). Brothers becoming others. In Fotini Tsibiridou & Nikitas Palantzas (Eds.), Myths of the Other in the Balkans. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/5771825/Brothers_becoming_others
(optional) Kretsi, G. (2002). The Secret Past of the Greek-Albanian Borderlands. Cham Muslim Albanians: Perspectives on a Conflict over Historical Accountability and Current Rights. Ethnologia Balkanica, (6), 171–195. (optional) De Rapper, G. (2004). “We are not Greek, but…”: dealing with the Greek–Albanian border among the Albanian-speaking Christians of Southern Albania. Southeast European and Black Sea Studies, 4(1), 162–174. |