Předměty

The course features a series of lectures on health economics issues. Lectures are complemented by seminars.
The course provides students with a framework to understand principles of health economics, but also to understand health systems (their funding, pooling of funds, financing, purchasing, and provision of health care, and regulation of health systems). Topics regarding performance, effectiveness, and quality of health systems are also discussed.

Learning goals of the course are for students to:
1/ understand health economic principles, market failures and theories associated with them
2/ understand functioning of health systems in developed countries, their fundamentals and recent developments
3/ understand measurements of health status, health system performance and efficiency
4/ understand efficiency measurements of healthcare providers
5/ use economic theory to explain motivation and behaviour of individual stakeholders
6/ use health economic theory and empirical findings to discuss up-to-date issues of health systems in developed countries
7/ assess proposed health policy and/or health systems changes using health economic theory and findings
8/ get an overview of empirical modelling in healthcare – most frequently used methods to assess health economics reforms and phenomena
9/ be aware of available datasets collecting health data and strategies to select topics for health economics research
10/ be able to design own health economics research

Populations of developed countries are ageing, chronic diseases prevalence is on rise, all resulting in rising demand for health care. Technological progress brings innovations that transform into new, usually more efficient and safer, but also costlier, ways of treating diseases. These effects put pressure on public budgets which are used to finance health care and pose question of health systems’ financial sustainability without compromising access to needed health care for all citizens. At the same time, there are number of examples of poor quality and ineffectiveness of resource utilization in public health systems. Thus, the importance of understanding health economics is increasing.

Poslední úprava: Votápková Jana, PhDr. Mgr., Ph.D. (31.01.2025)

Requirements:

It is highly recommended to attend all lectures and seminars, including the online guest lecture

Composition of the final grade:
1. 40 % final exam
Final exam will be health on May 20 at the IES (room and time TBA)

2. 20 % Presentation of a paper - group work + presentation of own ideas for a paper
Students will be divided into groups (no. of groups will be announced after final enrolment in SIS)
Deadline for division into groups March 8
- Team presenting on March 5 will be awarded 5 extra activity points for early-birds.
Instructions for class presentations:
Each group will be assigned a paper for presentation (available in Moodle). Presentation must include slides. Length max 20 minutes
The group presentation will be followed by individual presentations of group members, where each member will present one´s on ideas for a research proposal supported by other available research, dataset, variables (10 mins)
A class discussion will conclude.
Papers to choose from include:
- Papers listed as seminar reading to support the lecture and induce class discussion, available for sign-up in Moodle
Also own ideas are welcomed, however their presentation is subject to prior approval of the teacher

3. 15 % Participation in group discussions in class
Active participation in class includes discussions of the topics, supportive reading and discussion during group presentations. Divided into:
- 5% general class participation
- 5 % preparation of slides and arguments for April 16
- 5 % discussion and participation during an online guest lecture on March 24

4. 5% HW for April 23 – list of research ideas from empirical papers discussed in lectures or seminars
Think through the ideas we have come up so far prior to the lecture and come up with your own questions regardless of whether data is available or not.
We will provide feedback to you together in class.
Deadline April 22, 11.59 pm. Submission in Moodle.

5. 20 % research proposal for a health economics paper
A research proposal should be 2-3 pages long, including abstract, short literature review, methods used, dataset analyzed. Written in LaTeX.
It can by inspired by a paper presented by your group or presentation of any other paper in class by other groups or guest lectures
Deadline May 18, 2025. Submission in Moodle.
Late submission will be awarded 0 points.
You are welcome to discuss the preliminary version with the instructor

Grading scale:
90+ % - 100 % => A
80+ - 90 % => B
70+ - 80 % => C
60+ - 70 % => D
50+ - 60 % => E
0 - 50 % => F
!! Three criteria – presentation, research proposal, exam - must be passed, i.e. it is necessary to score at least 51% from each of these core 3 criterion!!

Poslední úprava: Votápková Jana, PhDr. Mgr., Ph.D. (31.01.2025)

Requirements:

It is highly recommended to attend all lectures and seminars, including the online guest lecture

Composition of the final grade:
1. 40 % final exam
Final exam will be health on May 20 at the IES (room and time TBA)

Poslední úprava: Votápková Jana, PhDr. Mgr., Ph.D. (31.01.2025)

Core readings:

1. Bhattacharya, J., Hyde T., Tu, P. (2014) Health Economics
2. Olsen, J.A. (2017) Principles in Health Economics and Health Policy
3. McPake, B., Normand, C. Smith, S, Nolan, A. (2020), Health Economics: An international Perspective, 4th edition
4. Phelps, C. P (2017) Health Economics
5. Bernell, S (2016) Health Economics: Core Concepts and Essential tools
6. Zweifel, P. et al (2009) Health Economics, 2nd Edition

Supportive reading for seminars:

- Interesting papers that should capture your attention

- Available under weeks in syllabus, available for student presentation to fulfill one of the requirements

Poslední úprava: Votápková Jana, PhDr. Mgr., Ph.D. (31.01.2025)

Core readings:

Supportive reading for seminars:

- Interesting papers that should capture your attention

- Available under weeks in syllabus, available for student presentation to fulfill one of the requirements

Poslední úprava: Votápková Jana, PhDr. Mgr., Ph.D. (24.01.2024)

Structure of the course:

ALL LECTURES START each Wednesday at 2.00 pm Central European Time in room 105! SEMINARS will follow right after the lecture, with a short break.
No lecture and seminar on February 19, 2025, the start of the lectures is postponed to February 26.
On March 24 at 8 pm, there will be an online guest lecture by Andrea Menclová (due to time difference in New Zealand.) A link will be shared on Moodle. (The lecture is instead of February 19). Attendance is highly recommended, class participation at the guest lecture will be graded.
The last lecture and seminar is on May 14.

Final exam will take a written form on May 20, 2025 at the IES, time and place will be announced in class. Sign-up in SIS.

A class will be set up on Moodle (https://dl1.cuni.cz/course/view.php?id=17254) for class and assignment administration. Password will be shared in class.

Lecture dates + seminar dates - syllabus:

1. Feb. 26 – Introduction. Health economics in the context of public economics. Data. Health as special goods. Actors in health. Why is healthcare market different?

Reading:
Olsen (2017), Principles in health economics and health policy. Ch 3 What makes the market for healthcare different, pp. 47-60
Bhattacharya (2014), Health Economics. Ch1 Why health economics? pp. 1-5

2. March 5 – Grossman model – demand for health
Reading:
Bhattacharya (2014), Health Economics. Ch 2. Demand for health, pp. 8-27
Bhattacharya (2014), Health Economics. Ch 3 Demand for health: The Grossman model, pp 28-50
Deadline for division into presentation groups May 18, 2025 at 11.59 pm on Moodle

3. March 12 – Inequality in health. Health insurance. Uncertainty
Reading
Bhattacharya (2014), Health Economics. Ch 4 Socioeconomic disparities in health, pp 51-75
Bhattacharya (2014), Health Economics. Ch 7 Demand for insurance, pp. 126 – 140
Olsen (2017), Principles in health economics and health policy. Ch 7 Uncertainty and health insurance, pp. 107-117

4. March 19 – Adverse selection and moral hazard

Reading:
Bhattacharya (2014), Health Economics. Ch 8 Adverse selection: Akerlof´s market for lemons, pp 141 – 161
Bhattacharya (2014), Health Economics. Ch 11 Moral hazard, pp 203 – 227

5. March 24 at 8 pm – online Guest Lecture by Andrea Menclová (University of Canterbury, New Zealand).
Presentation topic: Walkability and Mental Health Resiliency During the Covid-19 Pandemic (work-in-progress paper)
Andrea´s profile: https://profiles.canterbury.ac.nz/Andrea-Menclova/about

Reading
- The paper will be shared on Moodle prior to the lecture, obligatory class reading.
Activity in the class of the guest lecturer is graded within activity points. Attendance is highly recommended.

6. March 26 – Health care providers (physicians). Health labour market. Provision of HC in the EU.

Reading:
Bhattacharya (2014), Health Economics. Ch. 5 The labour markets for physicians, pp. 78-99
Olsen (2017), Principles in health economics and health policy. Ch 10 Primary care, pp. 140-152

7. April 2 – Health care providers (hospitals). Competition of providers. Efficiency measurements.

Reading:
Bhattacharya (2014), Health Economics. Ch. 6 The hospital industry, pp. 100 - 123
Olsen (2017) Principles in health economics and health policy. Ch 2 Economics and Efficiency, pp. 17 - 45
Jacobs, R., Smith, P.C., Street, A. (2006) Efficiency in health care. Analytical techniques and health policy, Ch 3 Stochastic frontier analysis of cross-sectional data pp 44-68
Jacobs, R., Smith, P.C., Street, A. (2006) Efficiency in health care. Analytical techniques and health policy, Ch 5 Data envelopment analysis pp. 91-128
Mastromarco, C., Stastna, L., Votapkova, J. (2019) Efficiency of hospitals in the Czech Republic: Conditional efficiency approach. Journal of Productivity Analysis, 51, pp. 73-89

8. April 9 – Governments and health policy. Public vs. private provision of health. System evaluations.

Reading:
McPake et. al (2020), Health Economics: An international Perspective. Ch 13 Health systems, pp. 135 – 143
McPake et. al (2020), Health Economics: An international Perspective. Ch. 14 Tax and social health insurance mechanisms, pp 144 – 159
McPake et. al (2020), Health Economics: An international Perspective. Ch 15 Private financing mechanisms, pp. 160-172
Olsen (2017), Principles in health economics and health policy. Ch 8 Compulsory insurance, pp. 120-126
Olsen (2017), Principles in health economics and health policy. Ch 9 Patient payment, pp. 127 - 135
Olsen (2017), Principles in health economics and health policy. Ch 13 Economic evaluation and priority setting, pp 169 – 181
Olsen (2017), Principles in health economics and health policy. Ch 15 Equity issues: going beyond CBA and ICER, pp. 207 – 2Z|
Zweifel et al. (2009) Health Economics. Ch 13 The political economy of healthcare, pp. 429 - 439

9. April 16 – Magdaléna Kolínková Škodová (Advanced Healthcare Management Institute) Comparison of reimbursement methods.

Reading:
Olsen (2017), Principles in health economics and health policy. Ch 11 Secondary care: reimbursing hospitals, pp. 153-159
McPake et. al (2020), Health Economics: An international Perspective. Ch 16 Health systems around the world, pp. 173 - 184

Seminar:
Group discussion. Students will be apriori divided into groups (in Moodle)
Reading will be provided in Moodle too.
Deadline for HW April 22, 2025 at 11.59 pm

10. April 23 – Empirical research in health economics + selected methods - overview and datasets available for health research.

Reading:
McPake et al. (2020), Health Economics: An international Perspective. Ch 23 Introductory applied health econometrics, pp. 271 – 289

Seminar:
- Seminar papers read until now
- HW: prepare questions that may stir further research and we will discuss them in the seminar (activity points).

11. April 30 – Magdaléna Kolínková Škodová (Advanced Healthcare Management Institute) Pharmaceutical Market
Reading:
Bhattacharya (2014), Health Economics. Ch. 12 Pharmaceuticals and the Economics of Innovation
Zweifel et al. (2009) Health Economics. Ch 12. Market for pharmaceuticals, pp, 400-428.
Sign up for the final exam!

12. May 7 - Health insurance cont. - The Rothschild-Stiglitz model.
Reading:
Bhattacharya (2014), Health Economics. Ch 9 Adverse selection: The Rothschild-Stiglitz model, pp. 162 – 183

13. May 14 – Health technology assessment
Reading:
Bhattacharya (2014), Health Economics. Ch. 14 Health technology assessment, pp. 278 – 299
Seminar: Revision for the exam
Deadline for Paper proposal May 18, 2025 at 11.59 pm

14. May 20 – Written final exam
Time and place TBA