Předměty

Poslední úprava: Hana Hrubá (25.05.2018)

NEUROLOGY PROGRAM Disorders of the nervous system

Common symptoms in neurological disorders. Transient neurologic dysfunction. An overview of neuroanatomy.

Motor system - upper and lower motor neuron lesions.

Sensory system and disorders. Pain: neuroanatomy, pathophysiology and management. Nociceptive and neuropathic pain. Common pain syndromes.

Extrapyramidal system and movement disorders. Tremor. Myoclonus. Tics. Cerebellum and disorders of coordination.

Cranial nerves. Disturbance of vision and ocular movements.

Disorders of speech and language. Dizziness and vertigo.

Autonomic function.

Altered states of consciousness. Acute confusional states and coma. Delirium Brain death.

Mental state and higher functions. Cognitive functions.

Brainstem syndromes. Syndromes due to focal cerebral lesions.

Spinal cord clinical syndromes. Types of bladder dysfunction. Spinal cord compression. Raised intracranial pressure. Uncal and tonsillar herniation.

Cerebrospinal fluid and disorders of CSF circulation. Hydrocephalus. Normal pressure hydrocephalus.

Neurological examination. Diagnostic methods in neurology.

Approach to the patient with neurologic disease. The neurologic method of clinical evaluation. The neurologic history. The neurologic examination - symptoms, signs. Interpretation, formulation of the problem, locating the lesion and establishment of an etiologic diagnosis. Examination the unconscious patient.

Neurological investigation. Lumbar puncture. Electrophysiologic studies of the central and peripheral nervous systems. Electroencephalography. Evoked potentials. Nerve conduction studies and electromyography. Neuroimaging in neurologic disorders. Computerized axial tomography. Magnetic resonance imaging.

Diseases of the nervous system

Cerebrovascular disease. Stroke, stroke risk factors. General pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia and infarction. Atherothrombotic disease. Cerebral embolism. Clinical Management Clinical syndromes. Transient ischemic attacks. Internal carotid artery territory. Middle cerebral artery territory. Occlusion of deep perforators. Lacunar infarction - lacunar syndrome. Posterior circulation territory. Vertebral artery disease. Lateral medullary infarction. Cerebellar infarction. Basilar artery disease. Posterior cerebral artery disease.

Cerebral hemorrhage. Haematomas within the putamen and internal capsule. Pontine haematoma. Cerebellar haematoma.

Subarachnoid hemorrhage. Vascular malformations, arteriovenous malformations. Saccular aneurysms.

Neurological features of vasculitis.

Neuro-oncology. Intracranial neoplasms. Space-occupying disorders. Clinical features of intracerebral tumors. Nonspecific symptoms and signs. Focal symptoms and signs. Primary benign and malignant tumors. Metastases.

Tumors of spinal cord and spine. Malignant spinal cord compression.

Traumatic injuries of the head and spine. Concussion. Contusion, brain hemorrhages. Epidural and subdural haematoma. The post-traumatic syndrome.

Types of spinal cord injury and their management.

Epilepsy and convulsive disorders. Generalized seizures. Partial seizures. Status epilepticus. Faintness, syncope.

Infections of the nervous system. Bacterial meningitis, brain abscess, and other suppurative intracranial infections. Tuberculous meningitis. Spinal epidural abscess.

Aseptic meningitis, viral encephalitis. Herpes zoster, postherpetic neuralgia. Lyme disease. Myelitis and radiculitis.

Demyelinating diseases. Multiple sclerosis. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis.

Diseases of the spinal cord. Subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord. Syringomyelia.

Movement disorders. Parkinson's disease. Other Parkinsonian syndromes. Dystonia. Focal dystonias. Drug induced acute dystonia and tardive dyskinesia.

Neurodegenerative disease. Dementia. Alzheimer's disease. Vascular dementia. Huntington's disease.

Motor neuron disease. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Nutritional and metabolic diseases. Anoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Hypoglycemic encephalopathy. Hepatic encephalopathy. Nutritional diseases.

Wernicke's disease, alcoholic cerebellar degeneration, nutritional polyneuropathy.

Disorders of peripheral nerves. Axonal and demyelinating polyneuropathy. Genetically determined neuropathies. Acquired neuropathies. Diabetic neuropathy. Nutritional and deficiency disorders. Toxic neuropathies. The Guillain-Barre syndrome. Acute and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy.

The mononeuropathies: median nerve lesions, ulnar nerve lesions, radial nerve palsy. Brachial plexus lesions. Sciatic nerve lesions. Femoral neuropathy. Meralgia paraesthetica. Peroneal nerve lesions. Reflex sympathetic dystrophy.

Disorders of the cranial nerves.

Muscle diseases. Muscular dystrophies. Endocrine myopathies. The myotonias.

The inflammatory myopathies - Polymyositis and dermatomyositis. Myasthenia gravis.

Developmental Disorders.

Back and neck pain. Degenerative disease of the spine and intervertebral discs, nerve root disorders. Cervical spondylosis. Cervical radiculopathy. Cervical myelopathy.

Thoracic disc disease. Lumbosacral disc disease. Spinal stenosis.

Headache and facial pain. Headache. Migraine. Tension headache. Cluster headache. Giant cell arteritis. Trigeminal neuralgia.

Neurotic disorders. Psychogenic neurological syndromes.