Předměty

Poskytuje základní informace z obecné mikrobiologie, speciální lékařské mikrobiologie, virologie a parasitologie. Seznamuje s nejdůležitějšími lidskými patogeny, s jejich vlastnostmi, se základy patogenese příslušných onemocnění, se základy jejich diagnostiky,se základy imunizace,se základy antibiotické, antivirové a antiparasitární terapie. Ve výuce jsou zdůrazněny aspekty mikroflóry dutiny ústní a přilehlých oblastí, jejich význam pro stomatologickou praxi a risika infekcí vyvolaných touto mikroflórou při stomatologických zákrocích. Formou praktické výuky poskytne základní dovednosti bakteriologického vyšetření vybraných klinických materiálů, seznámí s metodami odběru vybraných klinických materiálů, se strategií identifikace bakterií a strategií antibiotické terapie. Seznámí se zásadami požadavků na bakteriologické vyšetření a se základy interpretace jeho výsledků.

Poslední úprava: PETRICKO/NATUR.CUNI.CZ (23.05.2019)

Basic knowledge of microbiology, special dental part of microbiology, virology, mycology and parasitology. Human patogens, their properties, diagnostics, immunization, antibiotics, antibacterial and virostatic therapy, vaccination. Microbiological apects of microflora of oral cavity, special dental microbiological profile. Methods of treatment. Practice: methods of sample collection of biological materials, methods of identification, stategy of antibacterial therapy - antibiotic centre, antibiotic police, interpretation of results of examination.

Poslední úprava: PETRICKO/NATUR.CUNI.CZ (23.05.2019)

Cílem je seznámení posluchačů se základy obecné a speciální lékařské mikrobiologie, patogenesí nejdůležitějších onemocnění a základy jejich diagnostiky, se základy imunizace a antimikrobiální terapie, s mikroflórou dutiny ústní a riziky infekcí vyvolanými touto mikroflórou při stomatologických zákrocích.
Získání základních dovedností práce s infekčním materiálem, seznámení s metodami odběru klinických materiálů a interpretací dosažených výsledků.
Předmět též seznamuje budoucí zubaře s metodami dekontaminace, dezinfekce a sterilizace.

Poslední úprava: PETRICKO/NATUR.CUNI.CZ (23.05.2019)

to teach future dentists, how to deal with infectious or contaminated material, decontamination, desinfection and sterilisation techniques, guidelines for aseptic work in a oral cavity area, the risks of infections concerning dental treatment, differential diagniosics of infectious diseases with manifestations in a oral cavity, basic strategies in antibiotic therapy. Basics of general and special medical microbiology including pathogenesis of the most important infections and anti-infection immunity mechanisms of the host.

Poslední úprava: PETRICKO/NATUR.CUNI.CZ (23.05.2019)

Povinná:

Goering, Richard V. Dockrell, Hazel M. Zuckerman, Mark A. Chiodini, Peter L. Roitt, Ivan M. (eds.). Mims' medical microbiology. [S.l.]: Saunders/Elsevier, 2013, 565 s. ISBN 978-0-7234-3601-0.

Murray, Patrick R., Rosenthal, Ken S. Pfaller, Michael A.. Medical microbiology. Philadelphia: Elsevier, 2016, 836 s. ISBN 978-0-323-29956-5.

Poslední úprava: Chanová Marta, Mgr., Ph.D. (07.01.2026)

Obligatory:

. . In Murray, Patrick R., Rosenthal, Ken S. Pfaller, Michael A.. Medical microbiology . Philadelphia: Elsevier, 2016, s. -. ISBN 978-0-323-29956-5..

. . In Goering, Richard V. Dockrell, Hazel M. Zuckerman, Mark A. Chiodini, Peter L. Roitt, Ivan M. (eds.). Mims' medical microbiology . [S.l.]: Saunders/Elsevier, 2013, s. -. ISBN 978-0-7234-3601-0..

Poslední úprava: PETRICKO/NATUR.CUNI.CZ (21.02.2023)

Přednášky (http://el.lf1.cuni.cz/mikrobiostoma/) a semináře věnované problematice dutiny ústní.

Praktická cvičení

Dva týdenní bloky seznamující posluchače se základními postupy práce v mikrobiologické laboratoři, se způsoby odběru vzorků klinických materiálů, se strategií identifikace bakterií a dalších agens a strategií antimikrobiiální terapie. Studenti se seznámí se zásadami pro mikrobiologické vyšetření a se základy interpretace jeho výsledků, s metodami dezinfekce a sterilizace, se způsobem jejich kontroly, a osvojí si techniky práce s infekčním materiálem při dodržování zásad bezpečnosti práce.

Detaily k organizaci praktické výuky viz dokument "Practical course - organizational instructions 2026".

Poslední úprava: Chanová Marta, Mgr., Ph.D. (12.01.2026)

Lectures and 2 one-week practical blocks (the 2nd and the 4th week of the semester), with a special focus on microbiology of oral cavity and diagnostic and desinfection techniques.
Lectures and seminars: Inst. of Microbiol.Studničkova 7

Practical course:

Two blocks, each of one week, will introduce the basic procedures of work in a microbiology laboratory, methods of sampling the clinical material, strategies for identifying bacteria and other microbial agents, and strategies for antimicrobial therapy. Students will learn the principles of microbiological examination and the basics of interpreting its results, methods of disinfection and sterilization and how to control them, and will familiarize with techniques for working with infectious material while adhering to the principles of occupational safety.

For details on organization of practical course see the document entitled "Practical course - organizational instructions 2026".

Poslední úprava: Chanová Marta, Mgr., Ph.D. (12.01.2026)

CREDIT REQUIREMENTS

1. Lectures

Attendance is not compulsory
Students who actively participate in the lectures are exempt from the credit test requirement. To qualify for this exemption, you need to:
- Attend at least 4 out of 6 lectures between February 23 and April 10 (i.e., no more than two absences).
- Attend at least 4 out of 6 lectures between April 13 and June 5 (i.e., no more than two absences).
Attendance at lectures is recorded ONLY via the university student card/ISIC card reader in the lecture hall. Please register your attendance at the beginning and upon leaving. Paper lists or requests sent by email WILL NOT be taken into consideration. Make sure the reader does not flash red when scanning your card – this indicates that your attendance might not have been recorded correctly (this is rare, but if it happens, please inform the lecturer immediately).
Valid only for 2025/26 - since 3 lectures will be cancelled due to state holidays on April 3, May 1 and May 8, we will extend timing of two lectures (April 17 and May 15) from regular 11:00-13:15 to 10:00-13:00 to squeze the most important missing topics in. Thanks for understanding!

2. Successfull completion of practical courses (2 weeks)

Attendance

- No late arrivals: Exceptional delays of up to 30 minutes may be tolerated.
- No absences:
  - Absence on the first day of the block (Monday) results in exclusion from further participation.
  - For serious and documented reasons, the teacher may excuse an absence on one of the following teaching days (Tuesday - Friday); this must be discussed with the teacher in advance. Excuses for absence are conditional upon verification that the student has supplemented the knowledge from the missed day. Under no circumstances is this an "universal option to miss one day of practical course".
- Active participation: The student is familiar with the topics covered, understands the workflow, is able to follow up on them in subsequent tasks, and can describe and explain the findings during group discussions.

Laboratory protocols: Recording of the work progress and results in prepared forms that will be checked by a teacher during the course. These will also be useful in the Microbiology 2 practical course, where the acquired knowledge is essential.

Homework: Self-study for assigned topics.

Assessment of successful completion of practical course lies fully within the competence of the teacher. In the event of unexcused absence or failure to meet other requirements, the student should repeat the practical course in assigned alternative block. Absence from the alternative block will be considered as failure to complete the practical course.

3. Credit test

This test will be held online via Moodle and will consist of 30 multiple-choice questions (with only one correct “single best” answer). The tests take place in the OVTD2 classroom; the dates during the credit week are to be announced in SIS.
You need at least 18 points out of 30 to pass. The test questions will cover only the material presented in the lectures.

Credits will be awarded by the practical labs’ supervisors in the credit week after passing all the above-listed tests and duties.

EXAMINATION OUESTIONS ON MICROBIOLOGY FOR STUDENTS OF DENTlSTRY

PART ONE: PRACTICALS

1. Dírect detection of infectious agent
2. Microscopy
3. Gram stain technique
4. Immunofluorescence
5. Media for bacterial cultures
6. Identification techniques for bacteria
7. Toxin detection and titration techniques
8. Disc diffusion test on antibiotic susceptibi1ity
9. MIC determination
10. MBC determination
11. Indirect detection of infectious agent
12. Serological reactions
13. ELlSA
14. CFR (Complement Fixing reaction)
15. Guidelines for proper collection of specimens - swabs
16. Guidelines for proper collection of blood cultures
17. Anarobic bacteria culture
18. Hybridization probes
19. Amplification techniques - PCR
20. Physical techniques for disinfection and Sterilisation
21. Autoclave - priciple and function
22. Parameters for sterilisation by saturated steam
23. Hot air sterilizer
24. Parameters for hot air sterilisation
25. Disinfection/ decontamination of hands
26. Techniques for decontamination oftools and materials
27. Techniques for control of sterilisation process
28. Techniques for control of area microbial purity
29. Guidelines for discarding of infectious and toxic waste
30. Bacteriological investigation of urine

PART TWO: General Microbiology

1. Basic properties of bacteria, structure of bacterial cell
2. Basic properties of viruses, virus structure
3. Basic properties of pathogenic funghi
4. Collection and transport of samples for microbiological examination
5. Laboratory diagnostics ofbacterial infections
6. Laboratory diagnostics of viral infections
7. Laboratory diagnosncs of parasitic infections
8. Laboratory diagnostics of mycotic infections
9. Surface structures ofbacterial cell
10. Bacterial cell wall
11. Genetic information in a bacterial cell
12. Disinfection and sterilisation, decontamination, asepsis
13. Antibiotics - mechanisms of action
14. Resistence to antibiotic, development and prevention
15. Guidelines for rational antibiotic use for treatment
16. Prophylactic use of antibiotics
17. Antimycotics, Antivirals, Antiparasitics
18. Pathogenicity and virulence ofbacteria
19. Nonnal microbial flora ofhumans
20. Adherence ofbacteria, infections ofmucoid membranes
21. Bacterial toxins, toxinoses
22. Endotoxin
23. Pathogenesis of viral infections
24. Anaerobic infections
25. Cellular immune mechanisms
26. Humoral immune mechanisms
27. Principles of immunisation against infectious diseases
28. Types ofvaccÍnes for active immunisation
29. Passive immunisation
30. Nosocomial (hospital) infections

PART THREE: Specialized microbiology

1. Oral Cavity Microbial Flora
2. Oral Cavity Anaerobic Flora
3. Dental plaque
4. Caries - role of microorganisms in development
5. Parodontitis,. parodontosis
6. Odontogenic bacterial infections
7. Bacterial infections of the oral cavity
8. Viral infections of the oral cavity
9. Fungal infections ofthe oral cavity
10. Exanthemas and enanthemas of infectious origin
11. Agents causing invasive and inflammatory diseases of the GIT
12. Agents causing toxic infections ofthe GIT
13. Bacteria causing infections of upper respiratory tract
14. Bacteria infecting lower respiratory tract
15. Microbiology of Tuberculosis
16. Viral respiratory infections
17. Mycotic and parasitic infections of resp. tract
18. Agents infecting urinary tract
19. Agents of sexua1ly transmittable diseases
20. HIV and AIDS
21. How to treat an HIV -positive patient
22. Agents causing meningitis and encepha1itis
23. Wound infections
24. Sepsis and septic shock
25. Hepatitis viruses
26. Anaerobic infections
27. Agents acting in Sinusitis
28. Syphilis and manifestations in the oral cavity
29. Risks of infection following tooth extraction and other dental surgeries
30. Actinomycets and actinomycoses.

Poslední úprava: Bačkovská Hanusová Zdeňka, Mgr. (24.05.2026)

Základní vlastnosti bakterií, nástroje virulence. G+ a G- koky, G+ a G- tyčky, mykobakterie, chlamydie, rickettsie, mykoplasmata, spirochety. Základy mykologie a parazitologie. Obecná a speciální virologie. Etiologie virových průjmů, neurotropní viry, HIV. Infekce dýchacího systému, přenosné pohlavním stykem, infekce s exantémem a dalšími kožními manifestacemi. Mikrobiologická diagnostika, molekulární diagnostika v mikrobiologii. Mikroorganismy a imunitní systém. Dezinfekce a sterilizace.

Poslední úprava: PETRICKO/NATUR.CUNI.CZ (23.05.2019)

Basic properties of bacteria, their virulence factors, pathogenesis of infections. G+ and G- cocci, G+ and G- rods, Mycobacteria, Mycoplasmas, Chlamydiae, Rickettsiae, Spirochets. Basics of medical mycology and parasitology. Desinfection and sterilization, Antimicrobial drugs and strategy of therapy. General and special virology, pathogenesis of viral infections, immune mechanisms of the host, vaccination. HIV, HAV,HBV,HCV,HDV,HEV, Herpesviridae, Neurotropic viruses, Viral diarrhoeas. Respiratory Tract infections, Sexually transmitted infections. Infections with exanthemas and other skin and mucose manifestations. Oral Cavity microbial flora and infection processes. Diagnostic Techniques in medical microbiology.

Practicals 1 (one week, total 26 hours):

Microscopy in medical bacteriology, mycology and parasitology. Native, fixed and stained slide. Staining techniques (Gram. Ziehl-Nielsen, Buri, Giemsa, immunofluorescence). Bacterial culture media, cultures and macroscopic morphology. Metabolic Tests (API, Pliva Staphytest, Streptotest, Enterotest) Toxin detection. Antigen detection, Typing. Antibiotic susceptibility tests (diffusion/disc tests, E-tests, MIC, MBC-testing) Serologic reactions( agglutination, precipitation, immunodiffusion, immunofluorescence, ELISA, immunoblot). Genome detection techniques - hybridisation, PCR. Horizontál electrophoresis, real-time PCR. Urine culture and interpreting of the test. Yeast culture (Sabouraud) and GT-test. Sample collection techniques and Kits, documentation, transport requirements. Disinfection and Sterilisation techniques and Sterility control. Blood cultures - proper taking of samples, culture systéme icl. BacTec, BactAlert. Anearobic Culture. Anaerostat.

Practicals 2 (one week, total 26 hours):

Students practisize collection of their own samples: throat swab, nose swab, urine and transport them to the laboratory. During the week they follow algorithm of routine bacteriological laboratory work-flow hands-on. Additionaly they obtain coded patiens samples: urine, stool, vaginal swab and blood culture. They investigate each sample making different tests. At the end they have to provide results for each sample: Determined pathogen and its sensitivity to antibiotics Additionaly they perform Immunocard tests for different agents: viral or bacterial. They interpret serological tests and detect genome of EBV or CMV using PCR

Seminars (Attendance Compulsory):

Rational antimicrobial therapy (3 hours)
Prevention and therapy of viral diseases (3 hours)

Poslední úprava: PETRICKO/NATUR.CUNI.CZ (23.05.2019)

Prerekvizity: B01129 Biochemie a patobiochemie 1, B01401 Anatomie 2, B01402 Histologie a embryologie 2.
Na praktická cvičení: plášť, obuv na přezutí, psací potřeby.

Poslední úprava: Chanová Marta, Mgr., Ph.D. (07.01.2026)

Prerequisites: B01129 Biochemistry and pathobiochemistry 2, B01401 Anatomy 2, B81402 Histology and embryology

Lab coat and lab shoes required for practical part.

Poslední úprava: Chanová Marta, Mgr., Ph.D. (07.01.2026)