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Last update: Mgr. Barbora Pincová (21.08.2012)
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Last update: doc. PhDr. Bohuslav Šalanda, CSc. (27.09.2018)
The Sociology of Games, Sports and Leisure Activities Bohuslav Šalanda Course overview: The aim of this lecture series is to explain the function of games, sports and other leisure activities in human culture and society. Substantive topics may include: 1/ Introduction. Anthropologist Clifford Geertz - Blurred genres (on the Web): World is possible to explain as a text, play and scene. Time in life: freetime activities. Ludic activities. Present trend: gamification in all areas. The problem of defining risk and adventure. (On the Web: /PDF/ The Problems of the Redefining the Risk.) Sport heroism (celebrities, stars…). Leisure affords flexibility, choice, independent, self-determination, individual strategy, pleasure. Create real, possible and fictive worlds. Virtual worlds. Shifting in time axis: living history, play on past, reconstruction of past, clubs of history. Expressive form of culture, performance aspect. 2/ Preliminary considerations. Liminality – according to Victor Turner (The Ritual Process: Structure and Anti-structure). General liminality. Antropology and sociology of experiences. Ludic experinces. Bricolage (Claude Lévi-Strauss) as a structural improvization. The Cult of Amateur (Andrew Keen). 3/ Definition of play. Johan Huizinga and Roger Caillois. On the web is located classical and influential book by Johan Huizinga: Homo Ludens. A Study of the Play-Element in Culture. Originally Leyden (Netherlands) 1938. Other sources – /PDF/ Roger Caillois: The Definition of Play. The Classification of Games. 4/ Social typology. Postmodern personal patterns. Paradigmatic types of modern and postmodern: Stranger, flâneur, turist, pilgrimer, player, collectioner, amateur, photographer. Profesional versus amateur. See Zygmunt Bauman’s postmodern personal patterns. Long term migration – turism. Turism as variety of travel and as a kind of consumption. A tourist is half a pilgrim, if a pilgrim is half a tourist. Cyberflâneur: postmodern spectator in Web space; voyeur of post-information age. 5/ Body techniques. Marcel Mauss about body techniques. (See on the Web.) When two do the same, it is not the same. Dancing as a technique of body. 6/ Practices. Tactics. So, again: When two do the same, it is not the same. You cannot enter twice the same river. „Making Do“: talking, reading, dweling, cooking, walking in the City, driving in the desert… Urban exploration – gaze; illegal and dangerous activity. Modern ruins (ghost town, reality hacking, underground discovery. It is the part of an adventure games. Limininality life. Exetreme research methods. See Garret Bradley: Explore Everything. Place – Hacking the City. Michel de Certeau: The Practice of Everyday Life. Univ. of California Press 1984: „´Making Do´: Uses and Tactics“ (pp. 29 – 44). Spatial Practices; Uses of Language,; Ways of Believing. See scan on the Web via Google /pdf/: Michel de Certeau: Chapter 11: „Walking in the City“. Further reading on the Web - Nigel Trift: Driving in the City (19 pp.). Freeride – biking. Other spatial practices – Marc Augé: Non-places. Introduction to an Antropology of Supermodernity. London – New York: Verso 2002. Augé introduces new concepts for places and non-places as symptoms for a shift from modernity to supermodernity 7/ Sociology of sport. Sport and modernity. New sports: frisbee, winsurfung… 9/ Collecting as accumulation, selection, recyclation and obscession. 10/ Lifestyle and ludic behaviour of marginal groups and subcultures. Expressions of identity. Stylistic effects. Practices and tactics of daily life – space, performance and politics. The bricolage through which identities are constituted. Neo-tribes behaviour, totemic symbolism. See also books: Kevin Hetherington: Expressions of Identity: Space, Performance and Politic. London: Sage 1998. (Brief passage on the Web.) Dick Hebdige: Subculture. The Meaning of Style. London – New York: Routledge 1979. (Also available as a e-book on the Web.) Top ten books for social sciences and humanities: Eduardo Archetti: Masculinities. Football, Polo and the Tango in Argentina. Oxford – New York: Berg 1999. Michel de Certeau: The Practice of Everyday Life. Univ. of California Press 1984 Richard Schechner: Performance Theory. London: Routledge 1988. Victor Turner, V.: From Ritual to Theatre. New York: PAJ Publications 1982. Evaluation: The final paper or essay (about 10 pages long) can be teoretically and empirically oriented. It can analyze aspects of games, sports and ludic activities on the macro- and micro-level of behaviour (interactions, performance, trends, varieties…). There are many possibilities for topic here. You have freedom in your choice of topic. The final presentation will include a written essay and may by supported by any additional questions. For example according to lectures or yours reading with bibliographical notices.
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