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Last update: Mgr. Ivana Kinkorová, Ph.D. (29.01.2021)
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Last update: prof. MUDr. Jan Heller, CSc. (03.11.2023)
The subject acquaints students with the function of individual organ systems. The course introduces students to basic physiological principles, the theory of homeostasis, and the functions of various organs and systems of the human body and their control (including circulatory, respiratory, gastrointestinal, excretory, endocrine, muscular, nervous and sensory systems, as well as metabolism and thermoregulation). Increased attention is paid to physiological regulation and the neuromuscular system, taking into account children's and adolescent organism.
Knowledge: basic concepts of cellular and subcellular structures and their meaning physiology of excitatory systems: nerve cell, processing and conduction of information in the nerve and between nerves, NS metabolism, muscular system (striated, cardiac and smooth muscle – structure and function). Fundamentals of the cardiovascular system (mechanical and metabolic processes in the myocardium, vascular system – structure and function, measurement and influence of blood pressure – regulatory mechanisms of the heart and blood vessels) Basics of the structure and function of blood and the immune system physiology of the respiratory system (ventilation, distribution, diffusion, perfusion, determination of respiratory parameters, nervous and chemical regulation of breathing) physiology of the digestive system (splitting, digestion and absorption of food components and their regulation in individual parts of the GIT, gastrointestinal hormones and their effects) energy balance (basics of metabolic processes in the body) physiology of the excretory system (formation and composition of urine, regulatory mechanisms, influence of kidney function on maintaining the stability of the internal environment). Physiology of endocrine glands (formation and secretion of hormones of individual glands and their functions, stress, sexual system – management and functions)
Skills: The student is able to describe the composition of the human body, the importance of individual functionally specific cells, the composition and function of the cardiovascular system and blood, as well as the connection with the simunity state, describe the mechanical and electrical activity of the heart. It includes the basics of the inflammatory process in relation to immunity, describe metabolic processes, ion changes and subsequent changes. Can describe the structure and function of the respiratory system, their measurability with an emphasis on the regulatory mechanisms of breathing (nervous, hormonal and other chemical influences). Can describe the function of individual parts of the digestive system, enzymatic and other processes. Within the excretory system, he is able to describe in detail the acidification and alkalization of urine, the influence of the kidneys on maintaining the stability of the internal environment and the functioning as an endocrine organ. He will be able to describe the structure and function of individual endocrine glands and the impact of their hormones on other organs, including the regulatory mechanisms of hormone control. From the field of neurophysiology, describe the structure and function of the neuron, types of conduction, synaptic transmissions and types of mediators according to their activity. Describe the parts of the nervous system most connected by motor activity, control of body position and their parts (cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, cerebellum and pyramidal and extrapyramidal pathways) and the influence of the vegetative nervous system. Considering the focus on the locomotor system, he can describe not only the types of muscles, but also the molecular basis of contraction, the energy sources of contraction and relaxation, the issue of neuromuscular transmission and proprioception as the regulation of muscle tension and stretching. Can describe bone structure, necessary substances and vitamins for bone building. Can describe sensitive-sensory organs, pain, sleep and its individual phases
Competence The student is competent to use the acquired knowledge of physiology for their application and connection with subsequent subjects such as pathological physiology, exercise physiology, biomechanics or nutrition search, sort and assess information related to physiological processes, use the acquired information in everyday practice. |
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Last update: Mgr. Ivana Kinkorová, Ph.D. (10.09.2020)
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Last update: Mgr. Ivana Kinkorová, Ph.D. (22.05.2019)
Recommended literature: COSTANZO, L.S.: Physiology, 5th Ed. 520 p. Elsevier Ltd, 2013. ISBN 145570847X FOX, S.I.: Human Physiology. USA: McGraw-Hill. 2015. 832 p. ISBN 9781259252372 DAVIES, A., BLAKELEY, A., KIDD, C.: Human Physiology. 1st Ed., Churchill: 000 Livingston, Publishers, 2001, 949 p. ISBN 043 0455593 MADER, S.S.: Human Biology. 2.edition, McGrave Hill Companies, 2001, ISBN 0-07-290584-0 TORTORA, G.J., ANAGNOSTAKOS, N.P.: Principles of Anatomy and Physiology. Harper and Row Publishers, all new editions. ISBN-13: 978-0060466695. Physiology Practice HELLER, J.: Laboratory Manual for Human and Exercise Physiology. Prague: UK Karolinum, 2010, 188 p. ISBN 978-80-246-1821-0. |
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Last update: Mgr. Ivana Kinkorová, Ph.D. (08.07.2019)
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Last update: Mgr. Ivana Kinkorová, Ph.D. (10.01.2020)
Lectures: 1. Basic physiological mechanisms. Function of cells. Cellular membrane transports. 2. Blood. Internal environment. Homeostasis control. Immunity system 3. The cardiovascular system. 4. The respiratory system. 5. The digestive system. 6. Metabolism: Substance and energy metabolism. 7. Principles of the healthy nutrition. 8. Skin functions. Thermoregulation. Excretion. 9. Endocrine regulations. 10. Neuromuscular Physiology. 11. CNS: Spinal cord, reflexes. 12. CNS: Brain. 13. Control of motor functions. 14. Sensory functions. Analyzers.
Practice: Heart rate and blood pressure Ventilatory functions, spirometry Basis of electrocardiography, orthoclinostatic test Anthropometry, body composition Dynamometry
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Last update: MUDr. Kamila Čížková (14.02.2021)
Lectures: Online - MS Teams https://teams.microsoft.com/l/meetup-join/19%3ameeting_N2IwMDM4NDUtYjc1NC00ZjNjLWEwODEtMmJhNjI4NDkzY2Yy%40thread.v2/0?context=%7b%22Tid%22%3a%22e09276da-f934-4086-bf08-8816a20414a2%22%2c%22Oid%22%3a%22ddd9642c-c01f-4a60-abea-4733f49c1051%22%7d Practices: Adobe Connect: https://dl1.cuni.cz/course/view.php?id=11653 |