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Course, academic year 2023/2024
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Human Physiology - PFYB079C
Title: Fyziologie člověka
Guaranteed by: Fyziologie (51-500200)
Faculty: Faculty of Physical Education and Sport
Actual: from 2021
Semester: winter
Points: 0
E-Credits: 4
Examination process: winter s.:
Hours per week, examination: winter s.:2/1, C+Ex [HT]
Extent per academic year: 42 [hours]
Capacity: unknown / unknown (unknown)
Min. number of students: unlimited
4EU+: no
Virtual mobility / capacity: no
Key competences:  
State of the course: not taught
Language: English
Teaching methods: full-time
Teaching methods: full-time
Level:  
Note: course can be enrolled in outside the study plan
enabled for web enrollment
priority enrollment if the course is part of the study plan
Guarantor: prof. MUDr. Jan Heller, CSc.
MUDr. Kamila Čížková
Examination dates   Schedule   Noticeboard   
Annotation -
Last update: KOHLIKOVA/FTVS.CUNI.CZ (20.10.2010)
Subject acquaints students with the functions of different organs and systems of human body and their control (including circulatory, respiratory, gastro-intestinal, excretory, endocrine, muscle, nervous and sense systems, as well as metabolism and thermoregulation).
Aim of the course
Last update: prof. MUDr. Jan Heller, CSc. (03.11.2023)

Subject acquaints students with the functions of different organs and systems of human body and
their control.

The course introduces students to basic physiological principles, the theory of homeostasis, and the functions of various

organs and systems of the human body and their control (including circulatory, respiratory, gastrointestinal,

excretory, endocrine, muscular, nervous and sensory systems, as well as metabolism and thermoregulation).

Increased attention is paid to physiological regulation and the neuromuscular system, taking into account children's and

adolescent organism.

 

 Knowledge:

basic concepts of cellular and subcellular structures and their meaning

physiology of excitatory systems: nerve cell, processing and conduction of information in the nerve and between nerves, NS metabolism, muscular system (striated, cardiac and smooth muscle – structure and function). Fundamentals of the cardiovascular system (mechanical and metabolic processes in the myocardium, vascular system – structure and function, measurement and influence of blood pressure – regulatory mechanisms of the heart and blood vessels)

Basics of the structure and function of blood and the immune system

physiology of the respiratory system (ventilation, distribution, diffusion, perfusion, determination of respiratory parameters, nervous and chemical regulation of breathing)

physiology of the digestive system (splitting, digestion and absorption of food components and their regulation in individual parts of the GIT, gastrointestinal hormones and their effects)

energy balance (basics of metabolic processes in the body)

physiology of the excretory system (formation and composition of urine, regulatory mechanisms, influence of kidney function on maintaining the stability of the internal environment). Physiology of endocrine glands (formation and secretion of hormones of individual glands and their functions, stress, sexual system – management and functions)

 

 

Skills:

The student is able to describe the composition of the human body, the importance of individual functionally specific cells, the composition and function of the cardiovascular system and blood, as well as the connection with the simunity state, describe the mechanical and electrical activity of the heart. It includes the basics of the inflammatory process in relation to immunity, describe metabolic processes, ion changes and subsequent changes.

Can describe the structure and function of the respiratory system, their measurability with an emphasis on the regulatory mechanisms of breathing (nervous, hormonal and other chemical influences).

Can describe the function of individual parts of the digestive system, enzymatic and other processes.

Within the excretory system, he is able to describe in detail the acidification and alkalization of urine, the influence of the kidneys on maintaining the stability of the internal environment and the functioning as an endocrine organ. He will be able to describe the structure and function of individual endocrine glands and the impact of their hormones on other organs, including the regulatory mechanisms of hormone control.

From the field of neurophysiology, describe the structure and function of the neuron, types of conduction, synaptic transmissions and types of mediators according to their activity. Describe the parts of the nervous system most connected by motor activity, control of body position and their parts (cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, cerebellum and pyramidal and extrapyramidal pathways) and the influence of the vegetative nervous system. Considering the focus on the locomotor system, he can describe not only the types of muscles, but also the molecular basis of contraction, the energy sources of contraction and relaxation, the issue of neuromuscular transmission and proprioception as the regulation of muscle tension and stretching. Can describe bone structure, necessary substances and vitamins for bone building. Can describe sensitive-sensory organs, pain, sleep and its individual phases

            

Competence

The student is competent to use the acquired knowledge of physiology for their application and connection with subsequent subjects such as pathological physiology, exercise physiology, biomechanics or nutrition

search, sort and assess information related to physiological processes, use the acquired information in everyday practice.

Literature
Last update: doc. Mgr. Michal Šteffl, Ph.D. (01.05.2015)
All English text-books on Human Physiology from the last 10 years are recommended. Examples:

Human Physiology:

  • DAVIES, A., BLAKELEY, A. G. H., & KIDD, C. Human physiology. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 2001, ISBN 04-430-4559-3.
  • FOX, S. I. Human physiology. 12th ed. New York, N.Y: McGraw-Hill, 2010, ISBN 978-007-7350-062.
  • MADER, S. S., & WINDELSPECHT, M. Human biology. 13th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2014, ISBN 00-735-2548-0.
  • TORTORA, G. J., & ANAGNOSTAKOS, N. P. Principles of anatomy and physiology. New York: Harper, 1987, ISBN 00-604-6669-3.

Physiology Practice

  • HELLER, J. Laboratory Manual for Human and Exercise Physiology. Prague: UK Karolinum, 2010, 188 p. ISBN 978-80-246-1821-0.

Exercise Physiology

  • WILMORE,J.H., & COSTILL,D.L. Physiology of Sport and Exercise. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2004, 726 p. IBSN 0-7360-4489-2.
  • McARDLE, W.D., KATCH, F.I., & KATCH, V.L. Essentials of Exercise Physiology. Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2006. ISBN 0-7817-4991-3.
  • KENNEY, W. L., WILMORE, J. H., & COSTILL, D.L. Physiology of sport and exercise. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2012, ISBN 978-0-7360-9409-2.

Requirements to the exam
Last update: doc. Mgr. Michal Šteffl, Ph.D. (01.05.2015)
Requirements for credit:

  • 100 % participation in practices (20 % of absences with letter of apology is possible to compensate)
  • complete workout of all protocols
  • 2 electronic multiple choice tests from theory in semester (50% of correct answers is necessary to pass)

Syllabus
Last update: Mgr. Ivana Kinkorová, Ph.D. (04.10.2019)

Lectures:

1. Basic physiological mechanisms. Function of cells. Cellular membrane transports.

2. Blood. Internal environment,

3. Homeostasis control. Immunity system

4. The Cardiovascular System: The Heart

5. The cardiovascular System: Blood vessels and hemodynamics

6. The respiratory system: Ventilation,.

7. The respiratory system: Respiratory gas exchange

8. 1. Test. The digestive system

9. The metabolism: Substance and energy metabolism.

10. Principles of the healthy nutrition.

11. Skin functions. Thermoregulation. Excretion.

12. - 14. 2. Test. The regulatory systems, Hypothalamo-pituitary system.

Practice:

1. Introduction in practices of winter semester

2. Spirometry

3. Dynamomethry

4. Measurements HR and pulse, ECG, ortho-clinostatic test

5. Anthropometry

6. Measurements of blood pressure

7. Reserve practices and credits

 
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