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Course, academic year 2023/2024
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Algebra - NMTM501
Title: Algebra
Guaranteed by: Department of Mathematics Education (32-KDM)
Faculty: Faculty of Mathematics and Physics
Actual: from 2021
Semester: winter
E-Credits: 2
Hours per week, examination: winter s.:2/0, Ex [HT]
Capacity: unlimited
Min. number of students: unlimited
4EU+: no
Virtual mobility / capacity: no
State of the course: taught
Language: Czech
Teaching methods: full-time
Teaching methods: full-time
Guarantor: Mgr. Zdeněk Halas, DiS., Ph.D.
Incompatibility : NMUM501
Interchangeability : NMUM501
Is incompatible with: NMUM501
Is interchangeable with: NMUM501
Annotation - Czech
Last update: doc. RNDr. Jarmila Robová, CSc. (04.06.2020)
Kurzovní přednáška z algebry pro navazující magisterské učitelské studium (polynomy a jejich kořeny, Lagrangeova postupná symetrizace; přechod v algebře od hledání kořenů polynomů ke zkoumání struktur). Propojení algebraických témat se školskou matematikou (diskriminant, Vietovy věty, zavedení komplexních čísel, různé způsoby řešení kvadratické rovnice).
Course completion requirements -
Last update: Mgr. Zdeněk Halas, DiS., Ph.D. (29.10.2019)

Successful completion of a written test (120 minutes).

It is necessary to demonstrate an understanding of all the topics discussed in the lecture.

Literature -
Last update: Mgr. Zdeněk Halas, DiS., Ph.D. (04.06.2020)

Basic literature:

Dlab V., Bečvář J.: Od aritmetiky k abstraktní algebře. Serifa, Praha, 2016.

Additional literature:

Bewersdorff J.: Galois Theory for Beginners; A Historical Perspective. Student Mathematical Library (Book 35), AMS, 2006. 180 stran.

Tignol J.-P.: Galois' Theory of Algebraic Equations. World Scientific Publishing, Singapore, 2001.

Blažek J. a kol.: Algebra a teoretická aritmetika I, II. SPN, Praha, 1983, 1984.

Stanovský D.: Základy algebry. Matfyzpress, Praha, 2010.

Syllabus -
Last update: Mgr. Zdeněk Halas, DiS., Ph.D. (04.06.2020)

Elementary introduction to Galois theory

Solution of quadratic and cubic equations by different methods, comparison of methods applicable in school mathematics. Viete's formulas.

Elementary introduction to Galois theory, Lagrange's symmetrization, application of Viete's formulas, symmetric polynomials, cyclic groups, factorization of permutation groups.

Symmetric polynomials and discriminant

Simple and elementary symmetric polynomials. Relation to Viete's formulas. Discriminant - general definition and its calculation, connection with school mathematics.

Polynomials and fields

Comparison of different definitions of a polynomial and their application in school mathematics. Elimination of root multiplicity, derivation of a polynomial. Boundaries for polynomial roots. Horner's scheme. Lagrange's interpolation.

Relationship between Q[x] and Z[x], examples, Eisenstein's criterion.

Primitive field, finite field structure. Algebraic field closure.

Introduction of complex numbers in school mathematics, Kronecker's theorem. Field extension, splitting fields, examples.

Solvability of algebraic equations in radicals, Galois correspondences.

Groups and their classification

Simple, cyclic, abelian groups - examples and contexts. A_5 is simple, the consequences. Cauchy's theorem. Sylow's theorems and their applications.

 
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