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Last update: doc. RNDr. Vojtěch Kubíček, Ph.D. (28.12.2019)
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is mainly understood as a method for description of morphological changes in brain and other organs by means of magnetic resonance phenomena (MR). However, apart from information from structural MR imaging, further information related to function and biochemical composition of tissues can be obtained from special MR techniques and other imaging modalities, such as optical imaging, computed tomography, positron emission tomography and many others. Currently, the research is now focused on MR applications which enable the study of pathophysiological changes of tissues at molecular level. First group of methods are techniques of in-vivo MR spectroscopy, which deal with investigation of chemical structure and concentration of biochemical compounds in tissues in-vivo. Second group of methods are techniques based on tracking of signal of specific contrast agents which are bound to specific cellular structures, thus enabling indirect observation of specific biochemical compounds in tissues or movement and destiny of cells in the living organism. Molecular and cell imaging in biomedicine is a wide field which extends to various disciplines, such as fields of basic research describing underlying physical phenomena, chemical disciplines of synthesis of specific contrast agents and biological and clinical applications. Recommended range of participants: This course is intended for students of basic course of natural science, PhD students in biomedicine, neuroscience and other related fields. |
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Last update: Mgr. Vít Herynek, Ph.D. (12.01.2022)
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Last update: doc. RNDr. Vojtěch Kubíček, Ph.D. (26.10.2019)
Zkouška z předmětu je kombinovaná – písemná a ústní – v rozsahu daném sylabem. |
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Last update: doc. RNDr. Vojtěch Kubíček, Ph.D. (28.12.2019)
Molecular and cellular imaging in biomedicine (MI)
1. Introduction to molecular imaging - definition of MI, position of magnetic resonance (MR) with respect to other molecular imaging modalities 2. Clinical and experimental methods of molecular imaging - particularities and ethical guidelines for procedures in medicine and biomedicine 3. Principles of MR imaging and MR spectroscopy - MR imaging sequences and their application 4. Introduction to MR spectroscopy - basic parameters of MR spectra, relaxation times, diffusion coefficients etc. (from hardware to relaxation times) 5. MR spectroscopic sequences and their application 6. Clinical protocol of MR spectroscopic examination - quality control 7.-8. Methods post-processing and quantification of MR spectra - quantitative and qualitative assessment of spectra, subjective and objective spectral quantitation (LCModel, MRUI) 9. Metabolites observed by in-vivo MR spectroscopy - 1H, 31P, 13C spectroscopy 10. Biochemical pathways - metabolites detectable by in-vivo MR spectroscopy, age dependence of metabolite concentrations 11. Clinical applications of MR spectroscopy - brain tumors 12. Clinical applications of MR spectroscopy - epilepsy, psychiatry, inflammatory diseases, ischemia 13. MR imaging with contrast agent - MR relaxometry 14. MR imaging sequences for MI and their application 15. Contrast agents for MR imaging - methods for preparation and properties of contrast agents 16. Paramagnetic contrast agents - Gd, lanthanides and others 17. Superparamagnetic contrast agents - iron oxides 18. Bimodal contrast agents - for MR imaging, optical imaging and PET 19. Preparation and labeling of cells for cell imaging - STEM cells, beta cells 20. Techniques for transplantation of cells and in-vivo MR experiments 21. Tracking of position of transplanted cells and their destiny 22. Labeling of cells in-vivo - specific contrast agents 23.-24. Combination of MR imaging, optical imaging and radionuclide methods for MI - instruments, data co-registration 25.-26. Visit of department of clinical and experimental MI IKEM - MR imaging, optical imaging |