Migrations in the Balkans in the 20th and 21st Centuries - JTM666

• Title: Migrations in the Balkans in the 20th and 21st Centuries
• Czech title: Migrace na Balkáně ve 20. a 21. století
• Guaranteed by: Department of Russian and East European Studies (23-KRVS)
• Faculty: Faculty of Social Sciences
• Actual: from 2023
• Semester: summer
• E-Credits: 6
• Examination process: summer s.:
• Hours per week, examination: summer s.:1/1, Ex [HT]
• Capacity: 16 / unknown (15)
• Min. number of students: unlimited
• 4EU+: no
• Virtual mobility / capacity: no
• State of the course: taught
• Language: English
• Teaching methods: full-time
• Teaching methods: full-time
• Note: course can be enrolled in outside the study plan; enabled for web enrollment; priority enrollment if the course is part of the study plan
• Guarantor: PhDr. Ondřej Žíla, Ph.D.
• Teacher(s): PhDr. Ondřej Žíla, Ph.D.

Annotation

Last update: PhDr. Ondřej Žíla, Ph.D. (15.01.2024)

This course explores migrations in the Balkan Peninsula during the 20th century and early 21st centuries. Through a series of thirteen seminars, the primary objective is to give students a comprehensive overview of the significant impacts of migration in the Balkan Peninsula during this time period, with a focus on specific states and their comparisons. This course places emphasis on a detailed exploration of various types of migration (including forced migrations, economic migrations, return/repatriation) and their distinct forms and characteristics. By examining Balkan migrations, the seminars delve into the multifaceted aspects of mass movements and explore their connections to migration scholarship and relevant theoretical literature. The micro and macro perspectives afforded by case studies and regional overviews offer complementary insights into the causes, processes, and consequences of population shifts in the Balkan Peninsula during the late 20th and early 21st centuries.

Aim of the course

Last update: PhDr. Ondřej Žíla, Ph.D. (15.01.2024)

This course aims to offer students a comprehensive overview of the significant impacts of migration in the Balkan Peninsula, with a focus on selected state case studies and their comparisons. The introductory lecture will provide a summary of migration dynamics in the Balkans during the 20^th and 21^st centuries. This course is organized into three thematic units. The first unit will focus on forced migrations and will discuss ethnic (forced) migrations in the Balkans chronologically, covering the early 20^th century, World War II and its aftermath, the socialist era, and the dissolution of the former Yugoslavia. The final seminar in this unit will analyze refugees and internally displaced persons in relation to European migration policies. The second unit will examine the (non)-return migration agenda in the post-Yugoslav Western Balkans. By providing macroregional perspectives and specific state-level case studies, this course offers complementary insights into the drivers, processes, and impacts of Balkan population shifts across the late 20^th and early 21^st centuries. This unit focuses on reversing the outcomes of ethnic cleansing campaigns through return migration. It examines various aspects related to repatriation of refugees and internally displaced persons, European state policies on return migration, minority return dynamics, and the myth of return cultivated and shared among displaced populations. The concluding seminar summarizes the aftermath of forced migrations and its impact on the ethno-demographic composition of post-Yugoslav republics in the 21^st century. The third and final unit of the course focuses on economic migration and its impacts in the Balkan region. This unit analyzes various facets of economically motivated migrations, including the phenomenon of guest workers (Gastarbeiters), brain drain, and brain gain, as well as the role and significance of remittances in post-war, post-socialist, and post-Yugoslav societies. This unit concludes with a discussion of transnationalism in the 21^st-century Balkans.

Course completion requirements

Last update: Bc. Sára Lochmanová (31.01.2024)

Grading is based on the Dean's Measure no. 20/2019: https://fsv.cuni.cz/deans-measure-no-20/2019

• 91% and more   => A
• 81-90%             => B
• 71-80%             => C
• 61-70%             => D
• 51-60%             => E
• 0-50%               => F

More in SMĚRNICE S_SO_002: Organizace zkouškových termínů, kontrol studia a užívání klasifikace A–F na FSV UK.

Literature

Last update: PhDr. Ondřej Žíla, Ph.D. (15.01.2024)

Required reading:

See the reader of selected required reading for each seminar.

 

Recommended Books:

Adelman, Howard, and Elazar Barkan. 2011. No Return, No Refuge: Rites and Rights in Minority Repatriation. Columbia University Press.

Ahonen, Pertti, ed. 2008. People on the Move: Forced Population Movements in Europe in the Second World War and Its Aftermath. English ed. Occupation in Europe. Oxford ; New York: Berg.

Bade, Klaus J., and Allison Brown. 2003. Migration in European History. 1st pub. The Making of Europe. Malden: Blackwell Publishing.

Bade, Klaus J., P. C. Emmer, Leo Lucassen, Jochen Oltmer, Corrie van Eijl, Marlou Schover, Michael Schubert, and Jutta Tiemeyer, eds. 2013. The Encyclopedia of Migration and Minorities in Europe: From the 17th Century to the Present. First paperback edition. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Ballinger, Pamela. 2012. “Borders and the Rhythms of Displacement, Emplacement and Mobility.” In A Companion to Border Studies, edited by Thomas M. Wilson and Hastings Donnan, 387–404. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. doi:10.1002/9781118255223.ch22.

Black, Richard, and Khalid Koser. 1999. The End of the Refugee Cycle?: Refugee Repatriation and Reconstruction. Berghahn Books.

Bonifazi, Corrado, and Marija Mamolo. 2004. “Past and Current Trends of Balkan Migrations.” Espace Populations Sociétés. Space Populations Societies, no. 2004/3 (December). Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille: 519–531. doi:10.4000/eps.356.

Carmichael, Cathie. 2002. Ethnic Cleansing in the Balkans: Nationalism and the Destruction of Tradition. Routledge Advances in European Politics 8. London ; New York: Routledge.

Carter, F. W. 1993. “Ethnicity as a Cause of Migration in Eastern Europe.” GeoJournal 30 (3): 241–248. doi:10.1007/BF00806713.

Castles, Stephen, Hein de Haas, and Mark J. Miller. 2014. The Age of Migration: International Population Movements in the Modern World. Fifth edition. New York ; London: The Guilford Press.

Clark, Bruce. 2006. Twice a Stranger: The Mass Expulsions That Forged Modern Greece and Turkey. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press.

Helton, Arthur C., and Pamela Birchenough. 1996. “Forced Migration in Europe.” The Fletcher Forum of World Affairs 20 (2). The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy: 89–100.

Hynes, Patricia. 2021. Introducing Forced Migration. First edition. Rethinking Development. London: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group.

Lieberman, Benjamin David. 2013. Terrible Fate: Ethnic Cleansing in the Making of Modern Europe. First Rowman&Littlefield edition. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield.

Long, Katy. 2013. The Point of No Return: Refugees, Rights, and Repatriation. OUP Oxford.

Mojzes, Paul. 2011. Balkan Genocides: Holocaust and Ethnic Cleansing in the Twentieth Century. Studies in Genocide : Religion, History, and Human Rights. Lanham: Rowman Littlefield Publishers.

Morawska, Ewa. 2000. “Intended and Unintended Consequences of Forced Migrations: A Neglected Aspect of East Europe’s Twentieth Century History.” International Migration Review 34 (4). SAGE Publications Inc: 1049–1087. doi:10.1177/019791830003400401.

Mulaj, Kledja. 2008. Politics of Ethnic Cleansing: Nation-State Building and Provision of in/Security in Twentieth-Century Balkans. Lanham: Lexington Books.

Naimark, Norman M. 2001. Fires of Hatred: Ethnic Cleansing in Twentieth-Century Europe. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press.

Roth, Klaus, and Jutta Lauth Bacas, eds. 2011. Migration in, from, and to Southeastern Europe. Part 2: Ways and Strategies of Migrating. Ethnologia Balkanica 14. Berlin: Lit Verlag.

Stola, Dariusz. 1992. “Forced Migrations in Central European History.” International Migration Review 26 (2). SAGE Publications Inc: 324–341. doi:10.1177/019791839202600208.

Sundhaussen, Holm. 2010. Forced Ethnic Migration. Inst. f. Europ. Geschichte.

Ther, Philipp. 2016. The Dark Side of Nation-States: Ethnic Cleansing in Modern Europe. volume 19. New York ; Oxford: Berghahn.

Teaching methods

Last update: PhDr. Ondřej Žíla, Ph.D. (15.01.2024)

Standard face-to-face teaching. 

 

Regular reading of the required texts for every single class is obligatory for all participants without exception.

  

Requirements to the exam

Last update: PhDr. Ondřej Žíla, Ph.D. (22.01.2024)

Requirements:

This course requires the attendance of at least 70% (i.e. 9 seminars). Regular reading of the required texts for every single class is obligatory for all participants, without exception. In addition to participating in class, students will submit a paper discussing three studies related to one of the topics examined during our seminar. They should summarize, discuss, and synthesize each article’s main points, arguments, and ideas. The paper should not exceed 2,000 words. Students should submit the paper to my e-mail address, [e-mail], no later than May 17^th, 2024. Finally, a final written exam (essay) will be administered via Moodle at the end of the course. Students are required to write an essay responding to an open-ended question related to the seminar topics within 60 minutes.

 

Assessment  

In terms of assessment, this is how you will be assessed in this course:

 

20% - Class Participation (class reading) - the ability to answer the questions and formulate their own view based on assigned readings. 

 

30% - Final paper based on readings in classes.

 

50% - Final exam.

 

A) 100 - 91%

(B) 90 - 81%

(C) 80- 71%

(D) 70-61

(E) 60-51

(F) less than 50%

 Based on Dean's Measure 20/2019: https://fsv.cuni.cz/deans-measure-no-20/2019

Note on plagiarism

Students should follow the rules of academic conduct. Any instance of plagiarism will be immediately delivered to the Disciplinary commission for further decision. Please consult with the lecturer about any uncertainties before you submit your paper.

 

Syllabus

Last update: PhDr. Ondřej Žíla, Ph.D. (15.01.2024)

Introduction

1)    The Dynamics of Migrations in the Balkans in the 20^th and 21^st Centuries: The Introductory Characteristics

 

I.              Part – Forced Migrations in the Balkans

2)    Ethnic (Forced) Migrations in the Balkans I. – The first half of the 20^th Century: Deportations, Expulsions, Ethnic Un-mixing.

3)    Ethnic (Forced) Migrations in the Balkans II. – The aftermath of World War II: Expulsions vs Internal Colonization and Resettlement

4)    Ethnic (Forced) Migrations in the Balkans III. – The Socialist Era: Exchange of Population

5)    Ethnic (Forced) Migrations in the Balkans IV. – The dissolution of the SFRY: Ethnic Cleansing as a strategy of building nation-states.

6)    Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons from the Former Yugoslavia: Migration Policy of European States

 

II.            Part – (Non)-Return to the Western Balkans

7)    Return of Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons I.: The Return Migration Policy of European States

8)    Return of Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons II.: Minority Return and Reversing Ethnic Cleansing outcomes

9)    The Myth of Return

10) The Aftermath of Forced Migrations – The Transformation of Ethno-Demographic Reality in the ex-Yugoslav Republics

 

 

III.          Economic migration in the Balkans

11) Economic Migration I.: The Yugoslav Gastarbeiters in Western Europe

12) Economic Migration II.: Brain Drain, Brain Gain, and Remittance in the post-war, post-socialist, and post-Yugoslav Societies

13) Economic Migrations III.: Transnationalism in the Balkans in the 21^st Century