Definition of life, organisation of living systems. Molecules in cells, structure and function of proteins and nucleic acids. Cell theory, prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The cell nucleus, organisation of DNA, chromosomes. DNA replication and repair. Transcription and translation of genetic information, RNA processing, posttranslational modification. The cellular membranes - structure and function, transport across biomembranes, cell membrane fusion. The endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus. The mitochondrion, production of ATP. The cytoskeleton. Regulation of cellular functions - principles of cell signaling.Interaction of cells with the environment. Cell death, necrosis, apoptosis.
Last update: Marcela Laláková (10.02.2024)
Definice života - organizace živých soustav, modelování v biomedicíně. Buněčná teorie - buňky prokaryontní a eukaryontní, mikroskopické techniky. Základní stavební prvky buněk, struktura a funkce nukleových kyselin. Jádro, chromozómy - mikrostruktura, makrostruktura. Syntéza DNA. Realizace genetické informace, transkripce a posttranskripční modifikace. Buněčné membrány - stavba a funkce, transport látek přes membrány, fúze biomembrán, princip kompartmentace. Endoplazmatické retikulum - stavba a funkce, Golgiho komplex. Mitochondrie - stavba a funkce, tvorba ATP, chemiosmotická teorie. Cytoskelet (mikrotubuly, mikrofilamenta, střední filamenta. Reprodukce buněk (mitóza). Pěstování buněk a tkání in vitro, využití v medicíně. Principy signalizací u prokaryotních a eukaryotních buněk. Stresové odpovědi - buněčná smrt.
Entry requirements
Last update: Marcela Laláková (10.02.2024)
Entry requirements:
none required
Aim of the course
Last update: Marcela Laláková (10.02.2024)
Outputs (outcomes) of the subject Biology I:
the student acquires knowledge (basic facts, mechanisms, methodologies) concerning biology of human cells at cellular, subcellular and molecular levels
the student will be able to integrate the mentioned knowledge into higher cellular levels (tissue, organ, organism)
the student will learn about the structure and types of scientific information, she/he will further learn about their specific search, evaluation and use in biomedical scientific as well as clinical work
the student will acquire theoretical background and practical skills in basic microscopic techniques used in studies of living systems
Requirements to the exam
Last update: Marcela Laláková (10.02.2024)
REQUIREMENTS FOR CREDIT
I. General – attendance and conduct code in the classes
Attendance at practical classes is mandatory.
Classes begin at 8.00, 11.20 a.m. or 14,40 p.m. Students are required to be ready 5 min before the class.
Each student is allowed one absence (medically or otherwise relevantly excused).
Medical excuse or any other valid official reason must be presented within max. 48 h from the missed class. More absences might constitute reason for course failure and need to be solved individually.
In case of two or more unexcused absences, the credit will not be granted.
Practical classroom
All student clothes, boots, handbags etc. are to be stored outside the classroom in the facility lockers.
A dry pair of shoes (not boots) for indoor wearing is needed.
White lab coats must be worn during the practical class.
The use any electronic devices (cell phones, tablets, laptops, recorders etc.) in the practical classes is subject to permission by course instructors.
No eating, drinking, smoking or chewing in the laboratory classroom at any time including bringing water bottles or other food (drink) containers in the practical classroom.
The clean-up procedure and hygienic measures for the practical will be explained at the beginning of the practical.
II. Knowledge
All students are to sit ten written progress tests (7 paper tests and 3 electronic (Moodle) tests) as specified in the syllabus. Each test is allocated maximum 5 points (when all questions are answered correctly). Points from all progress tests are summed with the maximum achievable 50 points. Minimal passing grade is 35 points. In case of the final score lower than 35 points, the student will have to sit a retake test. There are two retakes (first and second). Each retake will concern the topics of the entire semester and requires 70 % scoring to be passed. Failure in the second retake will result in the credit failure.
In case a serious health problem (officially documented) prevents the student from sitting any all the planned three progress tests in the set date/time and an alternative date/time and test will be produced based on the agreement with the course instructor.
III. Other
Worksheets for particular classes (topics) will be available on Moodle before each class.
Credit sessions
If a student fulfills all credit requirements (i.e. a minimal scoring grade 35 points and attendance), the credit will be granted and recorded in SIS.
Upon other circumstances (need to write a retake test), appointments for credit will be scheduled as based on the mutual agreement of involved parties.
Syllabus
Last update: Marcela Laláková (10.02.2024)
Lectures
Professor: prof. PharmDr. Emil Rudolf, Ph.D.
Introduction, modelling in biomedicine Properties of eukaryotic cells in multicellular organisms Nucleus- structure and function.
DNA synthesis and expression (transcription and translation)
Biological membranes - structure and function, medical relevance
Cytoskeleton - structure and function, medical relevance
Cell cycle and reproduction, regulation, signalling
Cell stress – pathways and responses
Cell death – types, principles, regulation
Practical courses
Instructors:
Prof. Dr. Emil Rudolf, Ph.D.
Assoc prof. Dr. Věra Králová, Ph.D.
Dr. Kateřina Dvořáková
Introduction to the course, information sources, microscopy Rules and requirements of the course Scientific information in biomedicine – biology (types, databases) Introduction to light microscopy Mock test – 1st lecture
Microscopy of living cells – split class (group A) Group A - Progress test 1 Contrast enhancing microscopies in observation of living cells Group B - Fluorescence – e-learning course and Progress test 2 (Moodle)
Microscopy of living cells – split class (group B) Group B - Progress test 1 Contrast enhancing microscopies in observation of living cells Group A - Fluorescence – e-learning course and Progress test 2 (Moodle)
Cell cultures in biomedicine Progress test 3 Cultivation of cells in vitro Introduction to the tissue culture laboratory
Cellular membranes – fusion and osmosis Progress test 4 Osmosis in plant and animal cells Cell fusion
Cell motility – split class (group A) Group A - Progress test 5 Cytoplasmic streaming, Flagellar and ciliated motility Group B - Cell motility – e-learning course and Progress test 6 (Moodle)
Cell motility – split class (group B) Group B - Progress test 5 Cytoplasmic streaming, Flagellar and ciliated motility Group A - Cell motility – e-learning course and Progress test 6 (Moodle)
Cell proliferation and its measurement Progress test 7 Techniques of cell cycle and proliferation measurement Mitotic and proliferation indexes in cultured cells
Cellular stress – split class (group A) Group A - Progress test 8 Cultured cells in suspension, vital staining Cell stress and demise in human cells Group B - Tests of cytotoxicity in vitro – e-learning course and Progress test 9 (Moodle)
Cellular stress – split class (group B) Group B - Progress test 8 Cultured cells in suspension, vital staining Cell stress and demise in human cells Group A - Tests of cytotoxicity in vitro – e-learning course and Progress test 9 (Moodle)
Meiosis and genetic recombination Progress test 10 Meiosis and gene linkage analysis- interactive workshop Meiosis in cells of locust
Literature -
Last update: Marcela Laláková (10.02.2024)
Literature:
Study materials provided by department – MOODLE (presentations, e-learning courses, lectures and other sources)
