Pathological Physiology II - FG10035

• Title: Pathological Physiology II
• Guaranteed by: Department of Pathological Physiology (15-330)
• Faculty: Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové
• Actual: from 2023
• Semester: summer
• Points: 0
• E-Credits: 6
• Examination process: summer s.:
• Hours per week, examination: summer s.:46/33, C+Ex [HS]
• Capacity: unlimited
• Min. number of students: unlimited
• 4EU+: no
• Virtual mobility / capacity: no
• State of the course: taught
• Language: English
• Teaching methods: full-time
• Teaching methods: full-time
• Note: deregister from the exam date if a requisite was not fulfilled
• Guarantor: prof. MUDr. Zuzana Kubová, CSc.
• Pre-requisite : {General Medicine 1st year}, FG10012, FG10013, FG10014, FG10015, FG10016
• Co-requisite : FG10027
• Incompatibility : FV10033
• Interchangeability : FA0107040, FV10033
• Is incompatible with: FV10033, FVP023
• Is pre-requisite for: FV064, FV067, FG50038, FG50004, FV100
• Is interchangeable with: FVP023, FV10033
• In complex pre-requisite: FG10050, FG10051, FG10052, FG10054, FG10055, FG10056, FG10057, FG10058, FG10059, FG10060, FG10061, FG10062, FG10063, FG10064, FG10065, FG10066, FG10067, FG10068, FG10076, FG10077, FG10078, FG10079, FG10080, FG10081, FG10092, FG10093, FG10094, FG10095, FG10097, FG50024

Annotation

English

Last update: Lenka Kořínková (29.01.2024)

Pathophysiology represents a logical approach to each disease in terms of its causes and development, therefore it is a necessary basis for clinical subjects. In this subject, the student more integrates already acquired knowledge than memorizes new ones. The second, summer semester of teaching is focused on the special pathophysiology of the kidneys, endocrine system, gastrointestinal tract, and nervous system. In the practical part, students continue to describe the most common pathological ECG findings and their interpretation into specific diagnoses. In the framework of interactive analyzes of case studies using the Internet, they apply the knowledge acquired from previous lessons. Examination of urine sediment and oral glucose tolerance test are examples of laboratory techniques and demonstrations of some pathologies.

Czech

Last update: Lenka Kořínková (29.01.2024)

Patofyziologie představuje logický přístup ke každému onemocnění z hlediska jeho příčin a rozvoje, proto je nutným základem klinických předmětů. Student v tomto předmětu více integruje již nabyté poznatky, než memoruje nějaké nové. Druhý, letní semestr výuky je zaměřen na speciální patofyziologii onemocnění ledvin, endokrinní soustavy, gastrointestinálního traktu a nervového systému. V praktické části studenti pokračují v popisu nejčastějších patologických nálezů EKG a jejich interpretace do konkrétních diagnóz. V rámci interaktivních rozborů kazuistik s využitím internetu aplikují znalosti získané z předchozí výuky. Vyšetření močového sedimentu a orálního glukózového tolerančního testu jsou ukázkou laboratorních technik a demonstrací některých patologií.

Entry requirements

Last update: Lenka Kořínková (29.01.2024)

compulsory subjects of 1^st year GM, Biology II, Biochemistry II, Physiology II. 

Aim of the course

Last update: Lenka Kořínková (29.01.2024)

1.    knowledge of the pathophysiology of kidney disease, endocrine system, GIT, and nervous system

2.    description of the ECG curve and determination of significant pathologies of the heart

3.    diagnostic significance of pathological findings in urinary sediment

4.    description of the glycemic curve in selected pathological conditions

5.    striving for a basic analysis of the disease according to subjective and objective findings in patients

Requirements to the exam

Last update: Lenka Kořínková (31.01.2024)

Credit

a) participation in practical classes/seminars

mandatory 100% participation, tolerance of a maximum of one excused absence

in the case of more than one non-participation, it is necessary to replace the missed practical class - the way of replacement is determined by the teacher (most often it is an oral examination of the given issue)

 

b) tests

description of two ECG waveforms with determination of final diagnoses, when each waveform is graded 3 or better

-         incorrectly evaluated ECG waveforms can be corrected by describing other waveforms in the agreed alternative date

passing all tests in lectures with a final grade of 3 or better

-         in case of non-participation, an apology is required, and the test must be taken on an alternative date

-         a student can excuse himself from tests only once during the entire school year

-         unexcused absence is graded 4

-         retests are written on a pre-arranged date

 

c) protocols elaborated on final practical classes

-         report from case studies

-         report from the examination of the electrical activity of the brain

 

Final examination

A student can register for the exam only if he or she has a credit for the winter term in SIS.

The exam is in the form of an oral examination, one three-combination of questions is drawn. Only a student who has credits for both semesters can take the exam.

When attending the course for the second time, all credit requirements for the summer term must be fulfilled and the final exam retaken.

 

Syllabus

Last update: Lenka Kořínková (29.01.2024)

Lecturers

  Prof. Miroslav Kuba, M.D., Ph.D. 

  Prof. Zuzana Kubová, M.D., Ph.D. 

  Marie Chutná, M.D.

  Lenka Miščík Ramešová, M.D.

     

Theme:

 1.      Glomerulonephritis. Nephritic and nephrotic syndrome. Pyelonephritis. Kidney interstitial processes. (Kubová 3h)

 2.      Hydronephrosis. Nephrolithiasis. Acute and chronic renal failure. (Kubová 3h) 

 3.      Gastro-intestinal bleeding. Nausea, vomiting. Gastroduodenal ulcers. Gastritis. Postgastrectomy status. (Chutná 3h) TEST - pathophysiology of the respiratory system (ZK).

 4.      Intestine malabsorption. Intestinal obstruction (ileus). Functional disorders of colon, diarrhoea, constipation. (Miščík Ramešová 3h) RETAKE TEST.

 5.      Acute and chronic pancreatitis. Cholelithiasis and cholecystitis. Jaundices. (Kuba 3h)

 6.      Liver cirrhosis. Portal hypertension. Hepatic failure, hepatic coma. (Kuba 3h) TEST - pathophysiology of the urinary system (ZK).

 7.      Pathophysiology of the hypothalamo - pituitary system. Hypofunction and hyperfunction of the anterior pituitary gland. Alterations of the posterior pituitary gland hormones. (Kuba 3h) RETAKE TEST.

 8.      Hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism. Adrenal cortex hormones - hypersecretion. Adrenal cortex hormones - acute and chronic deficiency. Adrenal medulla dysfunction. (Kuba 3h) TEST - pathophysiology of the gastrointestinal tract (MC, LMR).

 9.      Diabetes mellitus - aetiology, pathogenesis and complications. Diabetic comas. (Kubová 3h) RETAKE TEST.    

10.     Hypoglycaemic state. Starvation, malnutrition. Obesity. (Kubová 3h) 

11.     Pathophysiology of the spinal cord. Alterations in the peripheral nervous system and motor functions. Autonomic nervous system dysfunctions. (Kubová 3h) TEST - pathophysiology of the endocrine system (MK).

12.     Brain ischemia, vascular brain disorders. Intracranial hypertension. CNS neurotransmitters changes - glutamate, GABA, dopamine, acetylcholine, serotonin. (Kubová 3h) 

13.     Epilepsy - aetiology and pathogenesis. Pathophysiology of demyelination / multiple sclerosis. (Kubová 3h) RETAKE TEST.

14.     Use of electric biopotentials, auto-biofeedback. Aging. (Kuba 3h) TEST - pathophysiology of the central nervous system (ZK).

15.     Pathophysiology of immature infants. (Kuba 2h) 

16.     Pathophysiologic view on complementary medicine methods. (Kuba 2h) RETAKE TEST.

 

Teachers

  Prof. Miroslav Kuba, M.D., Ph.D. 

  Prof. Zuzana Kubová, M.D., Ph.D. 

  Jana Langrová, M.D., Ph.D. 

  Jana Szanyi, M.D., Ph.D. 

  Marie Chutná, M.D.

  Lenka Miščík Ramešová, M.D.

 Practical courses & seminars

 

Seminars:

2.     Electrocardiography - interpretation of pathological findings I.

3.     Electrocardiography - interpretation of pathological findings II.

4.     Electrocardiography - interpretation of pathological findings III.    

Practical courses:

1.       Laboratory findings in kidney diseases.

5.       Electrocardiography - practice.

6.       Electrocardiography - TEST.

7.       Interactive analyses of cardiopulmonary insufficiency. (1/2 group) Glucometry. (1/2 group)

8.       Glucometry. (1/2 group) Interactive analyses of cardiopulmonary insufficiency. (1/2 group)

9.       Case reports - demonstration.

10.     Case reports. (1/2 group) Electrophysiological examination of the CNS. (1/2 group)

11.     Electrophysiological examination of the CNS. (1/2 group) Case reports. (1/2 group)

Literature

Last update: Lenka Kořínková (29.01.2024)

Compulsory

Kuba, M., Kubová, Z.  Pathophysiology - Basic overview for medical students (revised (only electronic) version)

Borská a kol., EKG Desatero, 2010