Last update: doc. MUDr. Alena Stoklasová, CSc. (09.09.2015)
General Chemistry: periodic system, chemical bond, interactions between molecules.Inorganic Chemistry: nomenclature, elements and their compounds. Physical Chemistry: chemical reactions, chemical thermodynamics, kinetics of reactions, chemical equilibrium, catalysis, solutions and their properties, oxidation and reduction equilibrium, the Nernst equation, colloidal state, osmotic pressure, surface phenomena. Organic Chemistry: structure of organic compounds, isomers, hydrocarbons and their derivatives, reactions of organic compounds, heterocyclic compounds, alcaloids, carbohydrates, lipids, steroids, eicosanoids, terpenes, amino acids, peptides and proteins, nucleic acids, their reactions and properties, metabolism of DNA and RNA, protein synthesis. Introduction to enzymology. Overview of intermediary metabolism, biological oxidation and bioenergetics. Metabolism of carbohydrates.
Requirements to the exam
Last update: doc. MUDr. Alena Stoklasová, CSc. (09.09.2015)
Credit:
a) Attendance at practical courses and seminars b) Complete protocols c) Result of all examinations: at least 3.00 (written tests and oral examinations - the credit test is not included). Written tests are obligatory and missing tests must be substituted, contact Assoc. prof. Stoklasová. d) Result of the credit test: at least 3,00
Syllabus
Last update: doc. MUDr. Alena Stoklasová, CSc. (09.09.2015)
Lectures
Atomic Structure. Electron Configuration and the Aufbau Principle. Atomic and Molecular Orbitals. Chemical Bonding - Covalent, Ionic and Metallic Bonds. Intermolecular Forces - Dipole-Dipole Forces, Hydrogen Bond, London Forces. Periodic System of Elements. Trends in the Periodic Table. (Stoklasová 2)
Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds. Characterization of sp-, d- and f-Elements and their Compounds. (Stoklasová 2)
Biogenic Elements. Inorganic Compounds and their Importance in Medicine. (Stoklasová 1)
Classification of Chemical Reactions. Chemical Thermodynamics -the Laws of Thermodynamics, Enthalpy, Entropy, Free Energy. Spontaneity of Chemical Change. Chemical Equilibrium. Equilibrium Constant. Le Chatelier´s Principle. Chemical Kinetics. Reaction Rates and Factors that Influence them. Activation Energy and the Activated Complex. Catalysts and Mechanism of their Effect. (Stoklasová 2)
Solutions and their Properties. Solubility, Concentration of Solutions. Solutions of Electrolytes, Ionization Constant. Activity (effective concentration). Acids and Bases. The Dissociation of Water. The pH Scale. Salts, Hydrolysis of Salts, Solubility Product. Buffers, Characterization, pH, Capacity. Buffers of the Blood. Osmotic Pressure. (Tomšík 4)
Oxidation-Reduction Processes. Hydrogen and Oxygen in these Processes. Standard Reduction Potentials. (Tomšík 1)
Classification of Organic Compounds.Hydrocarbons and their Derivatives. Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes, Cycloalkanes, Aromatic Hydrocarbones; Alkyl- and Aryl Halides, Amino-, Nitro-derivatives of Hydrocarbons; Thiols, Sulphides, Disulphides, Sulphonic Acids; Alcohols, Phenols; Aldehydes, Ketones; Carboxylic Acids and their Derivatives. Urea and its Derivatives. Environmental Pollution. (Mrkvicová 5)
Heterocyclic Compounds with one or more Heteroatoms. An Introduction to the Chemistry of Alcaloids. Importance in Biochemistry. (Mrkvicová 1)
Amino Acids and their Properties. Important Peptides. Proteins - Amino Acid Composition, Conformation of Proteins - Types of Bonds and Interactions. Physical and Chemical Properties. Colloidal-Osmotic Pressure. Classification of Proteins. (Cerman 3)
Enzymes - Characterization, Mechanism of their Action. Vitamins as Cofactors of Enzymes. Kinetics of Enzymic Reactions, Michaelis Constant. Environmental Effects Influencing Enzyme Activity. Inhibition of Enzyme Activity. Nomeclature and Classification of Enzymes. Enzymes in Medicine. (Cerman 3)
Overview of Intermediary Metabolism. Anabolism and Catabolism. (Řezáčová 1)
Biological Oxidation and Bioenergetics. The Respiratory Chain and its Components. The Mechanism of Oxidative Phosphorylation. Oxygenases and Hydroperoxidases. Free Radicals. The Citric Acid Cycle and its Regulation. The Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex. (Řezáčová 2)
Monosacccharides - Classification, Configuration, Optical Activity, Anomers, Epimers. The Haworth Formulas. Reactions of Monosaccharides. Glycosidic Linkage, Reducing and non-Reducing Disaccharides. Polysaccharides and Glycosaminoglycans, Composition, Properties. (Řezáčová 2)
Metabolism of Carbohydrates - Metabolism of Glucose and its Regulation. The Pentose Phosphate Pathway. Other Pathways of Hexose Metabolism. Gluconeogenesis. Metabolism of Glycogen and its Regulation. Metabolism of Glycosaminoglycans. (Řezáčová 5)
Nucleic Acids - Classification, Properties. Synthesis and Degradation of Purine and Pyrimidine Nucleotides. Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids - Replication and Transcription. (Cerman 3)
Proteosynthesis. Regulation of Gene Expression. (Cerman 2)
Laboratory classes & seminars
Prof. Martina Řezáčová, M.D., Ph.D.
Prof. Jiri Stulik, M.D., Ph.D.
Assoc. Prof. Martin Beránek, Ph.D.
Assoc. Prof. Jaroslav Cerman, M.D., Ph.D.
Assoc. Prof. Alena Stoklasová, M.D., Ph.D.
Miloš Hroch, Ing., Ph.D.
Renata Kohlerová, MS, Ph.D.
Alena Mrkvicová, MS, Ph.D.
Dr. Darina Muthná, Ph.D.
Dr. Mohamed Niang, Ph.D.
Helena Řehulková, MS, Ph.D.
Martina Seifrtová, MS, Ph.D.
Pavel Tomšík, M.D., Ph.D.
Alžběta Filipová MS
Eva Peterová, MS
Lucie Podmolíková, MS
Lenka Suchá, MS
Seminars
Structure of the Atom. Types of Bonds. The Periodic Law. Nomeclature of Inorganic Compounds.
Interactions among Molecules. Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Chemical Reactions. Basic Calculations in Chemistry. Chemical Reactions. Test.
Electrolytes, Electrolytic Dissociation. The Bronstedt-Lowry Concept. The pH of Acids and Bases. Buffers. Calculations. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions. Test.
Hydrocarbons, Alcohols, Phenols, Quinones, Nitrogen- and Halogen-derivatives, Sulphur-containing Compounds, their Reactions. Importance in Biochemistry. Test.
Aldehydes, Ketones, Organic Acids, their Reactions. Urea and its Derivatives. Importance in Biochemistry. Test.
Colloidal Solutions. Osmotic Pressure. Amino Acids, Peptides, Proteins, their Properties.
Enzymes, Structure, Mechanism of their Action.
The Michaelis Constant. Factors Affecting the Rate of Enzyme Catalyzed Reactions. Isoenzymes and their Importance in Clinical Practise.
Elements and their Compounds, Biological and Toxicological Importance. Disinfectans. Credit test.
Introduction to Metabolism. Biological Oxidation. Bioenergetics. The Respiratory Chain and Oxidative Phosphorylation. Test.
Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species. Enzymes Involved in their Metabolism. The Citric Acid Cycle. Presentation.
Carbohydrates - Structure, Properties. Digestion and Transport of Carbohydrates. Glycolysis.
Nucleic Acids - Clasification, Structure, Properties. Metabolism of Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids. Regulation of Gene Expression, Proteosynthesis.
Metabolism of Glucose, Fructose, Galactose, Uronic acids, and Glycosaminoglycans and Glycolipids. Test.
Laboratory classes
Laboratory Practice and Safety Rules. Chemical Glass. Preparation of Pure Inorganic Substances.
Potenciometry. Weak Acid - Titration Curve.
Spectrophotometry. Determination of ferrous Ions Concentration.
Gel Permeation Chromatography. "Desalting" of Proteins.
The pH Measurement. Determination of Capacity of Acetate Buffer. Buffer Capacity of Proteins.
Factors Influencing Laboratory Results. Accuracy of Measurement.
Properties of Enzymes - the Influence of pH and Temperature, Substrate Specificity.
Kinetics of Enzymatic Reactions. Properties of Enzymes - the Influence of Inhibitors. Oxidoreductases.
General Properties of Amino Acids and Proteins. Determination of Isoelectric Point of Proteins.
Notes:
Attendance at practical courses and seminars is COMPULSORY and a register is kept. Substitution of written tests must be consulted with Asssoc. prof. Stoklasová in case of your unavoidable absence (e. g. illness). Calculator is necessary. Laboratory manual is available in MOODLE.
Literature
Last update: doc. MUDr. Alena Stoklasová, CSc. (09.09.2015)
Compulsory literature
R. Y. Ouellette Introduction to General, Organic and Biological Chemistry. 3rd ed., Mac Millan Publ.Company, New York, 1992. ISBN 0-02-390245-0 (or the latest edition available)
R. K. Murray et al. Harper's Biochemistry. 24th ed., Appleton and Lange, Stamford, USA, 1996.ISBN 0-8385-3612-3. (or the latest edition available)
J.W. Baynes et M. H. Dominiczak Medical Biochemistry. 4th ed., Elsevier 2014. ISBN 978-1-4557-4580-7
Recommend literature
Z. Durackova et al. Medical Chemistry. Asklepios, Bratislava, 1993. ISBN 80-7167-003-0
P. C. Champe and R.A.Harvey Biochemistry. Lippincott Co, 1987. ISBN 0-397-50801-8 (or the latest edition available)
Z. Orszaghova, I. Zitnanova et al. Medical Chemistry, Univerzita Komenskeho v Bratislave, 2008, ISBN 978-80-223-2426-7
