Definition of life, organisation of living systems. Molecules in cells, structure and function of proteins and nucleic acids. Cell theory, prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The cell nucleus, organisation of DNA, chromosomes. DNA replication and repair. Transcription and translation of genetic information, RNA processing, posttranslational modification. The cellular membranes - structure and function, transport across biomembranes, cell membrane fusion. The endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus. The mitochondrion, production of ATP. The cytoskeleton. Regulation of cellular functions - principles of cell signaling.Interaction of cells with the environment. Cell death, necrosis, apoptosis.
Last update: Marcela Laláková (20.01.2023)
Definice života - organizace živých soustav, modelování v biomedicíně. Buněčná teorie - buňky prokaryontní a eukaryontní, mikroskopické techniky. Základní stavební prvky buněk, struktura a funkce nukleových kyselin. Jádro, chromozómy - mikrostruktura, makrostruktura. Syntéza DNA. Realizace genetické informace, transkripce a posttranskripční modifikace. Buněčné membrány - stavba a funkce, transport látek přes membrány, fúze biomembrán, princip kompartmentace. Endoplazmatické retikulum - stavba a funkce, Golgiho komplex. Mitochondrie - stavba a funkce, tvorba ATP, chemiosmotická teorie. Cytoskelet (mikrotubuly, mikrofilamenta, střední filamenta. Reprodukce buněk (mitóza). Pěstování buněk a tkání in vitro, využití v medicíně. Principy signalizací u prokaryotních a eukaryotních buněk. Stresové odpovědi - buněčná smrt.
Entry requirements
Last update: Marcela Laláková (20.01.2023)
Entry requirements:
none required
Aim of the course
Last update: Marcela Laláková (20.01.2023)
Outputs (outcomes) of the subject Biology I:
the student acquires knowledge (basic facts, mechanisms, methodologies) concerning biology of human cells at cellular, subcellular and molecular levels
the student will be able to integrate the mentioned knowledge into higher cellular levels (tissue, organ, organism)
the student will learn about the structure and types of scientific information, she/he will further learn about their specific search, evaluation and use in biomedical scientific as well as clinical work
the student will acquire theoretical background and practical skills in basic microscopic techniques used in studies of living systems
Requirements to the exam
Last update: Marcela Laláková (20.01.2023)
REQUIREMENTS FOR CREDIT
I. General – attendance and conduct code in the classes
Attendance at practical classes is mandatory.
Classes begin at 11.20 a.m. or 14,40 p.m. Students are required to be ready 5 min before the class.
Each student is allowed one absence (medically or otherwise relevantly excused).
Medical excuse or any other valid official reason must be presented within max. 48 h from the missed class. More absences might constitute reason for course failure and need to be solved individually.
In case of two or more unexcused absences, the credit will not be granted.
Practical classroom
All student clothes, boots, handbags etc. are to be stored outside the classroom in the facility lockers.
A dry pair of shoes (not boots) for indoor wearing is needed.
White lab coats must be worn during the practical class.
The use any electronic devices (cell phones, tablets, laptops, recorders etc.) in the practical classes is subject to permission by course instructors.
No eating, drinking, smoking or chewing in the laboratory classroom at any time including bringing water bottles or other food (drink) containers in the practical classroom.
The clean-up procedure and hygienic measures for the practical will be explained at the beginning of the practical.
II. Knowledge
All students are to sit three written progress tests (paper) as specified in the syllabus. Each test is allocated maximum 34 points (when all questions are answered correctly). Points from all three tests are summed with the maximum achievable 102 points. Minimal passing grade is 70 points. In case of the final score lower than 70 points, the student will have to sit a retake test. There are two retakes (first and second). Each retake will concern the topics of the entire semester and requires 70 % scoring to be passed. Failure in the second retake will result in the credit failure.
In case a serious health problem (officially documented) prevents the student from sitting any all the planned three progress tests in the set date/time and an alternative date/time and test will be produced based on the agreement with the course instructor.
III. Other
Completed protocols including drawings.
Credit sessions
If a student fulfills all credit requirements (i.e. all three progress tests with a minimal scoring grade 70 points, attendance, completed protocols), the credit will be granted and recorded in SIS.
Upon other circumstances (need to write a retake test, incomplete protocols), appointments for credit will be scheduled as based on the mutual agreement of involved parties.
Syllabus
Last update: Marcela Laláková (20.01.2023)
Lectures
Lecturer: prof. PharmDr. Emil Rudolf, Ph.D.
Introduction, organization of living systems, modelling in biomedicine Properties of eukaryotic cells in multicellular organism
Nucleus- structure and function DNA synthesis
Biological membranes - structure and function, medical relevance
Cytoskeleton - structure and function, medical relevance
Intracellular compartments- structure and function, medical relevance
Cell death – types, principles, regulation
Cell cycle and reproduction, regulation, signalling
Practical courses
Lecturers
Prof. PharmDr. Emil Rudolf, Ph.D.
Doc. RNDr. Vera Kralová, Ph.D.
Introduction to the course. Information sources in biomedicine Rules and requirements of the course Scientific information in biomedicine (types, evaluation) Forms and structure of scientific article, electronic bibliographic databases
Microscopy of living cell - split class (group A) Introduction to light microscopy Contrast enhancing microscopies in observation of living cells Fluorescence – e-learning course (group B)
Microscopy of living cell - split class (group B) Introduction to light microscopy Contrast enhancing microscopies in observation of living cells Fluorescence – e-learning course (group A)
Cell motility – split class (group A) Cytoplasmic streaming Flagellar movement Ciliated motility Cell motility – e-learning course (group B)
Cell motility – split class (group B) Cytoplasmic streaming Flagellar movement Ciliated motility Cell motility – e-learning course (group A)
Cell cultures in biomedicine Cultivation of cells in vitro Introduction to the tissue culture laboratory First progress test (topics 1-4)
Cellular membranes – fusion and osmosis Osmosis in plant cells Osmosis in animal cells
Cellular stress Mechanisms, factors and outcomes of cellular stress Cultured cells in suspension, vital staining Cell stress and demise in human cells Tests of cytotoxicity in vitro – e-learning course Second progress test (topics 6-7)
Cell proliferation and its measurement Techniques of cell cycle and proliferation measurement Mitotic and proliferation indexes in cultured cells
Meiosis and gene linkage Meiosis and gene linkage analysis- interactive workshop Meiosis in cells of locust
Biological experiment Scientific experiment – effect of a chemical factor on cell viability Third progress test (topics 8-10)
Literature -
Last update: Marcela Laláková (20.01.2023)
Compulsory literature
Alberts, B.: Essential Cell Biology. W. W. Norton & Company, 5th ed., 2019
E-materials MOODLE
Last update: Marcela Laláková (20.01.2023)
Compulsory literature
Alberts, B.: Essential Cell Biology. W. W. Norton & Company, 5th ed., 2019
