Definition of life, organisation of living systems. Molecules in cells, structure and function of proteins and nucleic acids. Cell theory, prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The cell nucleus, organisation of DNA, chromosomes. DNA replication and repair. Transcription and translation of genetic information, RNA processing, posttranslational modification. The cellular membranes, structure and function. Transport across biomembranes, cell membrane fusion. The endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus. The mitochondrion, production of ATP. The cytoskeleton. Cell growth and cell division. Regulation of cellular functions. Cell death, necrosis, apoptosis.
Last update: Marcela Laláková (15.09.2022)
Definice života - organizace živých soustav, teorie systémů, modelování v biomedicíně. Buněčná teorie - buňky prokaryontní a eukaryontní, mikroskopické techniky. Základní stavební prvky buněk, struktura a funkce nukleových
kyselin. Jádro, chromozómy - mikrostruktura, makrostruktura. Syntéza DNA. Realizace genetické informace,transkripce a posttranskripční modifikace, translace a posttranslační modifikace. Buněčné membrány - stavba a funkce, transport látek přes membrány, fúze biomembrán, princip kompartmentace. Endoplazmatické retikulum,Golgiho komplex, lysozomy - stavba a funkce. Mitochondrie - stavba a funkce, tvorba ATP, chemiosmotická teorie. Cytoskelet (mikrotubuly, mikrofilamenta, střední filamenta). Pěstování buněk a tkání in vitro, využití v medicíně. Fluorescenční techniky. Působení chemických a fyzikálních faktorů na buňky, smrt buňky (programovaná a neprogramovaná). Buněčný cyklus a jeho regulace, mitóza, meióza.
Requirements to the exam -
Last update: Marcela Laláková (15.09.2022)
Requirements for credit
!Important!
Due to the unpredictable development of the pandemy and associated hygienic measures imposed, the situation concerning the form of the course may change on short notice. The student is required to follow the announcements at Moodle/Practical classes Biology I/Announcements.
I. General – attendance and conduct code in the classes
Attendance at practical classes is mandatory.
Practicals begin at 14,40 p.m. and student is required to be in his seat 5 minutes before the beginning of the class.
Each student is allowed one absence from one practical class. Medical excuse or any other valid official reason is required (delivered within max. 48 h after the missed class).
A clean, dry pair of indoor shoes (not boots) is required. If a student does not have clean shoes, he can purchase disposable shoe covers. Backpacks and coats must be stored away from the working area.
White lab coats must be worn for all practical classes.
No eating, drinking or smoking in the laboratory at any time.
In case of injury, report it immediately to the instructor.
The clean-up procedure for each practical class will be explained at the beginning of the course.
II. Knowledge
All students are to sit two progress tests (paper) as specified in the syllabus. Minimal scoring grade in each test is 60 %. If it is achieved in both of them no further final test will be necessary. However, if a student does not score the required 60 % in one or more progress tests, he/she will have to sit a retake test. This retake will concern the topics of the entire semester. Both first and second retake need 70 % scoring to be passed. Failure in the second retake will result in the credit failure.
In case a serious health problem (officially documented) prevents the student from sitting any all the planned online progress tests in the set date/time and an alternative date/time and test will be produced based on the agreement with the course instructor.
III. Other
Completed labbook. Labbook presented during credit session must have an appropriate external form; i.e. be clean, intact as it has status of official document. In case of any labbook damage or loss, the student has to acquire a new one from the department against financial compensation.
Fulltext of selected biomedical article. Deadline for sending via email a full-text medical article (pdf) is November 25th 2022. The topic of the article will be used in the final semestral presentation.
Successful presentation of selected topic.
Course format changes In case of enforced on-line classes, students will have materials in Moodle pertaining to each topic of the syllabus together with relevant tasks whose solution will be timed and controlled. Should an isolation or quarantine of any individual student be required, he/she should immediately report it to the head of the department and continue in his/her education on-line during required period as per agreement with course instructor.
Credit sessions If a student fulfills all credit requirements (i.e. progress tests with minimum 60% scoring grade, attendance, completed labbook, successful presentation of the approved article), the credit will be granted in the last practical class of the current winter course.
Upon other circumstances (need to write a retake test, incomplete labbook), appointments for credit will be scheduled to the particular date as based on agreement between the student and course instructor.
Each student has to attempt credit at least once in winter examination period.Generally, in case of failure in credit, the next possible chance is after one week!!!!
The students who seek the exemption from practical classes in medical biology and genetics have to submit their request before the start of practical classes. Their request must be accompanied by a detailed syllabus of biology course they had completed which will be evaluated by the head of the department of medical biology and genetics.
Last update: Marcela Laláková (16.09.2022)
Due to the unpredictable development of the pandemy and associated hygienic measures imposed, the situation concerning the form of the course may change on short notice. The student is required to follow the announcements at Moodle/Practical classes Biology I/Announcements.
I. General – attendance and conduct code in the classes
Attendance at practical classes is mandatory.
Practicals begin at 14,40 p.m. and student is required to be in his seat 5 minutes before the beginning of the class.
Each student is allowed one absence from one practical class. Medical excuse or any other valid official reason is required (delivered within max. 48 h after the missed class).
A clean, dry pair of indoor shoes (not boots) is required. If a student does not have clean shoes, he can purchase disposable shoe covers. Backpacks and coats must be stored away from the working area.
White lab coats must be worn for all practical classes.
No eating, drinking or smoking in the laboratory at any time.
In case of injury, report it immediately to the instructor.
The clean-up procedure for each practical class will be explained at the beginning of the course.
II. Knowledge
All students are to sit two progress tests (paper) as specified in the syllabus. Minimal scoring grade in each test is 60 %. If it is achieved in both of them no further final test will be necessary. However, if a student does not score the required 60 % in one or more progress tests, he/she will have to sit a retake test. This retake will concern the topics of the entire semester. Both first and second retake need 70 % scoring to be passed. Failure in the second retake will result in the credit failure.
In case a serious health problem (officially documented) prevents the student from sitting any all the planned online progress tests in the set date/time and an alternative date/time and test will be produced based on the agreement with the course instructor.
III. Other
Completed labbook. Labbook presented during credit session must have an appropriate external form; i.e. be clean, intact as it has status of official document. In case of any labbook damage or loss, the student has to acquire a new one from the department against financial compensation.
Fulltext of selected biomedical article. Deadline for sending via email a full-text medical article (pdf) is November 25th 2022. The topic of the article will be used in the final semestral presentation.
Successful presentation of selected topic.
Course format changes In case of enforced on-line classes, students will have materials in Moodle pertaining to each topic of the syllabus together with relevant tasks whose solution will be timed and controlled. Should an isolation or quarantine of any individual student be required, he/she should immediately report it to the head of the department and continue in his/her education on-line during required period as per agreement with course instructor.
Credit sessions If a student fulfills all credit requirements (i.e. progress tests with minimum 60% scoring grade, attendance, completed labbook, successful presentation of the approved article), the credit will be granted in the last practical class of the current winter course.
Upon other circumstances (need to write a retake test, incomplete labbook), appointments for credit will be scheduled to the particular date as based on agreement between the student and course instructor.
Each student has to attempt credit at least once in winter examination period.Generally, in case of failure in credit, the next possible chance is after one week!!!!
The students who seek the exemption from practical classes in medical biology and genetics have to submit their request before the start of practical classes. Their request must be accompanied by a detailed syllabus of biology course they had completed which will be evaluated by the head of the department of medical biology and genetics.
Syllabus -
Last update: Marcela Laláková (15.09.2022)
Lecturers
Lecturer: assoc. prof. RNDr. Věra Králová, Ph.D.
Organisation of living systems – definition of life, cell theory; prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells Models in biomedicine DNA replication Transcription,post-transcriptional modifications of RNA Translation, post-translational modifications of proteins
Organelles of eukaryotic cells Cell membranes, membrane transport
Mitochondria – structure and function, ATP production Cytoskeleton – microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments, cellular motility
Regulation of cellular functions – principles of cell signaling, signals, receptors, signaling pathways, regulation of gene expression Cell cycle Cell death
Genes, genomes, variability of individuals. Mutations, polymorphisms, reparatory mechanisms. Organisation of human genome, chromosomes, chromatin structure Meiosis
Practical courses & seminars
Lecturer: Prof. PharmDr. Emil Rudolf, Ph.D.
1.Microscopic techniques I. 1.1 General terms and conditions of the biology course 1.2. Imaging modalities in biological applications 1.3 Light microscopy in biological applications
2. Advanced microscopic techniques II. 2.1 Contrast enhancing microscopy (phase contrast, DIC, fluorescence) 2.2 Native mount of human cells
3. Cellular membranes – fusion and osmosis 3.1 Selected functions of biological membranes 3.2 Osmosis in plant cells – native mount
4. Cell motility 4.1 E-learning – cell motility 4.2 Motility in eukarytotic cells – cyclosis, ciliated and flagellar movement 4.3 First progress test
5. Cell cultures in biomedicine 5.1 Modeling in biomedicine (3R principle, in vitro models) 5.2 Cultivation of cells in vitro 5.3 Introduction to the cell culture laboratory
6. Information sources and their relevance in biomedicine 6.1 Scientific information in biomedicine – the structure of scientific article 6.2 Electronic bibliographic database (SCOPUS,PUBMED, WOS)
7. Cellular stress 7.1 Mechanisms, factors and outcomes of cellular stress 7.2. Cultured cells in suspension, vital staining
8. Cell cycle and cell division 8.1 Techniques of cell cycle and proliferation measurement 8.2 Mitotic figures in plant and animal cells – permanent mount 8.3 Mitotic and proliferation indexes in cultured cells 8.4 Second progress test
9. Advances in biosciences (seminar) 9.1 Student presentations (biodentistry oriented)
10. Summary of the course 10.1 CREDIT
Last update: Marcela Laláková (11.09.2020)
Vyučující podílející se v různé míře na přednáškové, seminární a praktické výuce · prof. PharmDr. Emil Rudolf, Ph.D. · RNDr. Věra Králová, Ph.D. · Mgr. Kateřina Caltová, Ph.D.
Literature -
Last update: Marcela Laláková (15.09.2022)
Study materials provided by department – MOODLE (presentations, e-learning courses, lectures and other sources)
B. Alberts et al. Essential Cell Biology, 5th edition, W. W. Norton & Company; 2019
Last update: Marcela Laláková (15.09.2022)
Study materials provided by department – MOODLE (presentations, e-learning courses, lectures and other sources)
B. Alberts et al. Essential Cell Biology, 5th edition, W. W. Norton & Company; 2019
