3. A.J.Trevor, B.G.Katzung, S.B.Masters: Katzung and Trevor?s Pharmacology McGraw - Hill
Requirements to the exam
Last update: Irena Zemenová (22.05.2018)
Credit requirements:
No absences from seminars, passing a credit test (covering the materials from the seminars).
Credit in SIS and signed credit in Credit Book is needed.
Exam requirements:
Credit in SIS and signed credit in Credit Book is needed.
GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF PHARMACOLOGY
Pharmacology, toxicology, clinical pharmacology, pharmacotherapy, pharmacy, pharmacognosy, pharmacovigilance, pharmacoeconomy. Drugs and medicine. Sources of drugs. Names of drugs. Use of pharamacological agents in medicine. Drug formulations. Combination products in oral therapy. Pharmacopoeia. Prescription writing. Prescription of CD. POM. OTC drugs. Proprietary and nonproprietary remedies and drugs. Prescribing for children?s and old patients. Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics. Drug administration. Lipid solubility and ionization of drugs. Fick?s-law. Movement of drugs across cellular barriers. Encephalic barrier. Placenta. Special drug delivery systems. Transdermal dosage forms. Absorption, distribution and redistribution of drugs. Bioavailability. Binding of drugs to plasma proteins. Volume of distribution. Elimination of drugs. Biotransformation of drugs. Phases. Microsomal, non-microsomal biotransformation. Cyt. P-450. Enzymes inhibition and induction. Excretion of drugs (renal, extrarenal). Enterohepatic circulation. First pass metabolism. Prodrugs. Pharmacokinetics models. Single, two and multicompartment system. Linear and nonlinear kinetics. Zero and first order kinetics. Plasma half life, clearence, elimination constants. Bateman function. AUC. Continuous or intermittent drug administration. Infusion. Accumulation of drugs. Plateau-Css. Loading and maintenance dose. Drug action. Specific, non-specific action. Mechanisms of action.. Primary drug targets (receptors, channels, enzymes, carriers). G proteins, second messengers. Agonists. Dose-effects relationship. Efficacy, potency. Antagonists. Drug antagonism and synergism. Partial agonism. Competitive and noncompetitive antagonism. Physiological and chemical antagonism. Factors influencing drug kinetics and dynamics. Genetics and ethnic factors. Pharmacogenetics. Genetic polymorphism. Interaction of drugs. Interaction drug - food. Unwanted and adverse effects of drugs. Therap. index. Tolerance. Tachyphylaxis. Overdose. Resistance. Drug allergy and idiosyncrasy. Teratogenicity. Carcinogenicity. Treatment of poisonings. Antidotes. Drug misuse and dependence. Drug discovery and development. Preclinical and clinical trials. Double-blind trials. Phases. Placebo. Drug registration. Clinical pharmacokinetics. Therapeutic drugs monitoring. Use of drugs in neonates. Use of drug in children. Drugs and the elderly. Drug during pregnancy and breast-feeding. Teratogenicity. Mutagenesis, cancerogenesis. Compliance. Drug-disease interaction. Influence of concomitant disease on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (disease of git, kidneys, liver, heart congest, failure, thyroid gl.) Therapeutic risk. Rational pharmacotherapy.
SPECIAL PHARMACOLOGY
Peripheral nervous system and its transmitters. The autonomic nervous system. Parasympathetic. Sympathetic. Enteric nervous system. Neurotransmitters, co-transmitters. Cholinergic transmission. Acetylcholine synthesis, storage, release. Drugs affecting these events. Muscarinic receptors - agonists, antagonists. Nicotinic receptors agonists, antagonists. Nicotine. Ganglion blocking agents. Cholinesterases. Anticholinesterases. Organophosphates. Reactivators of cholinesterases. Neuromuscular blocking agents. Drugs influencing skeletomuscles spasms and spasticity. Dantrolen. Noradrenergic transmission. Events in the adrenergic varicosity. Catecholamines, biotransformation. Uptake of NA. Adrenoceptors (alpha 1, alpha 2), agonists and antagonists. Selectivity and ISA. Drug affecting NA nervous. Treatment of glaucoma. Mydriatics and cyclopegics. 5-HT (serotonin), receptors, function. Treatment of migraine. Purine mediators and receptors. Peptides. Nitric oxide. NO synthase. Nitrates. Prostanoids and their analogs. COX 1 and COX 2. NSAIDs. Analgesics and antipyretics. DMARDs. Histamine. Antihistamines (anti H1). Drugs for treatment of heart failure - vasodilators, diuretics, inotropic agents. Antidysrhytmics. V.W. classification. Adenosine, digoxin, magnesium. Antihypertensive drugs. Diuretics, beta-adrenoceptor antagonists. Ca - antagonists. Renin - angiotensin system. ACE inhibitors. Activators of K-channels. Vasodilatators generally. Drug used in angina pectoris - organic nitrates, calcium antagonists, beta-adrenoceptor antagonists, nicorandil. Drugs used to treat myocardial infarction. Atherosclerosis and lipoproteins. Lipid lowering drugs - statins, fibrates, bile acid ? binding resin. Homeostasis and thrombosis. Vitamin K. Anticoagulations ? heparin, low-molecular-weigh heparins (LMWHs). Warfarin. Antiplatelet agents. Fibrinolytic drugs. Antifibrinolytics and haemostatics. The haemopoetics system. Anemias. Iron. Folic acid. Vitamin B12..Erythropoetine. Haemopoetic growth factors. Myeloid growth factors. Drugs in treatment of asthma ? bronchodilators, anti-inflammatory agents. Drug in chronic bronchitis, expectorants, cough suppressants. Diuretics incl. subclasses. Treatment of gastro duodenal ulcers. Emesis and ant emetics. Prokinetics. Treatment of diarrhoea, constipation, gallstones. Drug affecting biliary composition and flow. Liver protective drugs. Treatment of chronic bowel diseases. Antispasmodics. Pancreatin. Treatment of IDDM and NIDDM. Insulins and oral antidiabetics. Treatment of obesity. Glucocorticoids. Mineralocorticoids. Drug acting on corticosteroids synthesis. Thyroid hormones. Drugs influencing activity of thyroid. Bone metabolism and its disorders. Calcium homeostasis. Drug influencing bone metabolism. The reproductive system. Female sex hormones. Contraceptive drugs. Postmenopause hormone replacement therapy. Gonadotrophines. Drug acting on the uterus. The male reproductive system. Androgens and antiandrogens. Anabolic steroids. Erectile dysfunction. Phosphodiesterases. Sildenafil and relative drugs. Drugs for BHP. Hormones of hypothalamus and anterior pituitary. Poster pituitary hormones. Antihormones. Drug action in CNS, targets of drugs in CNS, CNS transmitters. CNS - amino acid transmitters. Glutamate, glycine, strychnine, tetanotoxin. Drug in Parkinson?s disease. Drug for Alzheimer?s disease and dementia. Nootropic drugs. Cerebral vasodilators. General anaesthetics. Inhalation an. Intravenous an. Stages of anaesthetic. Perioperative drugs. Anxiolytics and hypnotics. Antipsychotic drugs. Drugs in affective disorders. Antidepresant drugs. Drugs for bipolar disorder. Antiepileptic drugs. Analgesic drugs and control of pain (opiates, opioids). Local anesthetics. Drug dependence and drug abuse. Nicotine and tabaco smoking. Ethanol. Methanol intoxication. Cannabinoids. Benzodiazepines. Barbiturates. CNS stimulants and psychotomimetics (hallucinogens). Cocaine. Amphetamines. Methylxanthines. Analeptics. Hallucinogens (e.g. LSD). Antibacterial agents. Their targets. Resistance to antibiotics. Penicillins. Cephalosporins, cephamycins. Other beta-bactams. Glycopeptides. Aminoglycosides. Macrollides. Tetracyclines. Chloramphenicol. Clindomycin. Fluoroquinolones. Streptogramins. Lincosamides. Oxalisidonones. Fusidic acid. Miscelaneous - vancomycin (glycopeptides), colistin (polymycins). Chemotherapy of git and urinary tract infections. Sulphonamides. Trimethoprim. Antituberculosis drugs. Anileprosy agents. Antifungal drugs. Anthelmintic drugs. Antiviral drugs (anti HIV, other antiviral drug). Immunosuppressive drugs. Immunomodulators. Animalarial drugs. Amoebicidal drugs. Treatment of other protozoal infections. Anticancer drugs. Combinations. Treatment schedules. Cell cycle and anticancer drugs. Rules for administrator. Adverse effects. Treatment of adverse effect. Alkylating drugs. Antimetalolites. Cytotoxic antibiotics. Plant derivatives and miscellaneous agents. Hormones in cancer therapy. Radioactive isotopes. Miscellaneous agents. Vitamins - water soluble, lipid soluble. Antioxidants. Essential elements - Se, Zn, Mg. Lead-, mercury-, arsenic- intoxication. Antidotes of metal and metalloids intoxications. The main preparations in dermatology.
Syllabus
Last update: prof. PharmDr. Radek Kučera, Ph.D. (08.10.2020)
GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF PHARMACOLOGY
Pharmacology, toxicology, clinical pharmacology, pharmacotherapy, pharmacy, pharmacognosy, pharmacovigilance, pharmacoeconomy. Drugs and medicine. Sources of drugs. Names of drugs. Use of pharamacological agents in medicine. Drug formulations. Combination products in oral therapy. Pharmacopoeia. Prescription writing. Prescription of CD. POM. OTC drugs. Proprietary and nonproprietary remedies and drugs. Prescribing for children?s and old patients. Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics. Drug administration. Lipid solubility and ionization of drugs. Fick?s-law. Movement of drugs across cellular barriers. Encephalic barrier. Placenta. Special drug delivery systems. Transdermal dosage forms. Absorption, distribution and redistribution of drugs. Bioavailability. Binding of drugs to plasma proteins. Volume of distribution. Elimination of drugs. Biotransformation of drugs. Phases. Microsomal, non-microsomal biotransformation. Cyt. P-450. Enzymes inhibition and induction. Excretion of drugs (renal, extrarenal). Enterohepatic circulation. First pass metabolism. Prodrugs. Pharmacokinetics models. Single, two and multicompartment system. Linear and nonlinear kinetics. Zero and first order kinetics. Plasma half life, clearence, elimination constants. Bateman function. AUC. Continuous or intermittent drug administration. Infusion. Accumulation of drugs. Plateau-Css. Loading and maintenance dose. Drug action. Specific, non-specific action. Mechanisms of action.. Primary drug targets (receptors, channels, enzymes, carriers). G proteins, second messengers. Agonists. Dose-effects relationship. Efficacy, potency. Antagonists. Drug antagonism and synergism. Partial agonism. Competitive and noncompetitive antagonism. Physiological and chemical antagonism. Factors influencing drug kinetics and dynamics. Genetics and ethnic factors. Pharmacogenetics. Genetic polymorphism. Interaction of drugs. Interaction drug - food. Unwanted and adverse effects of drugs. Therap. index. Tolerance. Tachyphylaxis. Overdose. Resistance. Drug allergy and idiosyncrasy. Teratogenicity. Carcinogenicity. Treatment of poisonings. Antidotes. Drug misuse and dependence. Drug discovery and development. Preclinical and clinical trials. Double-blind trials. Phases. Placebo. Drug registration. Clinical pharmacokinetics. Therapeutic drugs monitoring. Use of drugs in neonates. Use of drug in children. Drugs and the elderly. Drug during pregnancy and breast-feeding. Teratogenicity. Mutagenesis, cancerogenesis. Compliance. Drug-disease interaction. Influence of concomitant disease on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (disease of git, kidneys, liver, heart congest, failure, thyroid gl.) Therapeutic risk. Rational pharmacotherapy.
SPECIAL PHARMACOLOGY
Peripheral nervous system and its transmitters. The autonomic nervous system. Parasympathetic. Sympathetic. Enteric nervous system. Neurotransmitters, co-transmitters. Cholinergic transmission. Acetylcholine synthesis, storage, release. Drugs affecting these events. Muscarinic receptors - agonists, antagonists. Nicotinic receptors agonists, antagonists. Nicotine. Ganglion blocking agents. Cholinesterases. Anticholinesterases. Organophosphates. Reactivators of cholinesterases. Neuromuscular blocking agents. Drugs influencing skeletomuscles spasms and spasticity. Dantrolen. Noradrenergic transmission. Events in the adrenergic varicosity. Catecholamines, biotransformation. Uptake of NA. Adrenoceptors (alpha 1, alpha 2), agonists and antagonists. Selectivity and ISA. Drug affecting NA nervous. Treatment of glaucoma. Mydriatics and cyclopegics. 5-HT (serotonin), receptors, function. Treatment of migraine. Purine mediators and receptors. Peptides. Nitric oxide. NO synthase. Nitrates. Prostanoids and their analogs. COX 1 and COX 2. NSAIDs. Analgesics and antipyretics. DMARDs. Histamine. Antihistamines (anti H1). Drugs for treatment of heart failure - vasodilators, diuretics, inotropic agents. Antidysrhytmics. V.W. classification. Adenosine, digoxin, magnesium. Antihypertensive drugs. Diuretics, beta-adrenoceptor antagonists. Ca - antagonists. Renin - angiotensin system. ACE inhibitors. Activators of K-channels. Vasodilatators generally. Drug used in angina pectoris - organic nitrates, calcium antagonists, beta-adrenoceptor antagonists, nicorandil. Drugs used to treat myocardial infarction. Atherosclerosis and lipoproteins. Lipid lowering drugs - statins, fibrates, bile acid ? binding resin. Homeostasis and thrombosis. Vitamin K. Anticoagulations ? heparin, low-molecular-weigh heparins (LMWHs). Warfarin. Antiplatelet agents. Fibrinolytic drugs. Antifibrinolytics and haemostatics. The haemopoetics system. Anemias. Iron. Folic acid. Vitamin B12..Erythropoetine. Haemopoetic growth factors. Myeloid growth factors. Drugs in treatment of asthma ? bronchodilators, anti-inflammatory agents. Drug in chronic bronchitis, expectorants, cough suppressants. Diuretics incl. subclasses. Treatment of gastro duodenal ulcers. Emesis and ant emetics. Prokinetics. Treatment of diarrhoea, constipation, gallstones. Drug affecting biliary composition and flow. Liver protective drugs. Treatment of chronic bowel diseases. Antispasmodics. Pancreatin. Treatment of IDDM and NIDDM. Insulins and oral antidiabetics. Treatment of obesity. Glucocorticoids. Mineralocorticoids. Drug acting on corticosteroids synthesis. Thyroid hormones. Drugs influencing activity of thyroid. Bone metabolism and its disorders. Calcium homeostasis. Drug influencing bone metabolism. The reproductive system. Female sex hormones. Contraceptive drugs. Postmenopause hormone replacement therapy. Gonadotrophines. Drug acting on the uterus. The male reproductive system. Androgens and antiandrogens. Anabolic steroids. Erectile dysfunction. Phosphodiesterases. Sildenafil and relative drugs. Drugs for BHP. Hormones of hypothalamus and anterior pituitary. Poster pituitary hormones. Antihormones. Drug action in CNS, targets of drugs in CNS, CNS transmitters. CNS - amino acid transmitters. Glutamate, glycine, strychnine, tetanotoxin. Drug in Parkinson?s disease. Drug for Alzheimer?s disease and dementia. Nootropic drugs. Cerebral vasodilators. General anaesthetics. Inhalation an. Intravenous an. Stages of anaesthetic. Perioperative drugs. Anxiolytics and hypnotics. Antipsychotic drugs. Drugs in affective disorders. Antidepresant drugs. Drugs for bipolar disorder. Antiepileptic drugs. Analgesic drugs and control of pain (opiates, opioids). Local anesthetics. Drug dependence and drug abuse. Nicotine and tabaco smoking. Ethanol. Methanol intoxication. Cannabinoids. Benzodiazepines. Barbiturates. CNS stimulants and psychotomimetics (hallucinogens). Cocaine. Amphetamines. Methylxanthines. Analeptics. Hallucinogens (e.g. LSD). Antibacterial agents. Their targets. Resistance to antibiotics. Penicillins. Cephalosporins, cephamycins. Other beta-bactams. Glycopeptides. Aminoglycosides. Macrollides. Tetracyclines. Chloramphenicol. Clindomycin. Fluoroquinolones. Streptogramins. Lincosamides. Oxalisidonones. Fusidic acid. Miscelaneous - vancomycin (glycopeptides), colistin (polymycins). Chemotherapy of git and urinary tract infections. Sulphonamides. Trimethoprim. Antituberculosis drugs. Anileprosy agents. Antifungal drugs. Anthelmintic drugs. Antiviral drugs (anti HIV, other antiviral drug). Immunosuppressive drugs. Immunomodulators. Animalarial drugs. Amoebicidal drugs. Treatment of other protozoal infections. Anticancer drugs. Combinations. Treatment schedules. Cell cycle and anticancer drugs. Rules for administrator. Adverse effects. Treatment of adverse effect. Alkylating drugs. Antimetalolites. Cytotoxic antibiotics. Plant derivatives and miscellaneous agents. Hormones in cancer therapy. Radioactive isotopes. Miscellaneous agents. Vitamins - water soluble, lipid soluble. Antioxidants. Essential elements - Se, Zn, Mg. Lead-, mercury-, arsenic- intoxication. Antidotes of metal and metalloids intoxications. The main preparations in dermatology.
