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Microbiology, Immunology and General Infectology - CVSE3P0009
Title: Mikrobiologie, imunologie a obecná infektologie
Guaranteed by: Department of Microbiology 3 FM CU, FHKV and NIPH (12-MIK)
Faculty: Third Faculty of Medicine
Actual: from 2021
Semester: winter
Points: 8
E-Credits: 8
Examination process: winter s.:
summer s.:
Hours per week, examination: winter s.:26/46, --- [HS]
summer s.:36/38, C+Ex [HS]
Extent per academic year: 124 [hours]
Capacity: winter:unknown / unknown (unknown)
summer:unknown / unknown (unknown)
Min. number of students: unlimited
4EU+: no
Virtual mobility / capacity: no
Key competences:  
State of the course: taught
Language: Czech, English
Teaching methods: full-time
Teaching methods: full-time
Level:  
Note: deregister from the exam date if a requisite was not fulfilled
Guarantor: prof. MUDr. Helena Žemličková, Ph.D.
Pre-requisite : CVSE2P0041, CVSE3P0019, CVSE3P0020, CVSE3P0021
Examination dates   Schedule   
Annotation -
Last update: prof. MUDr. Helena Žemličková, Ph.D. (15.09.2020)
Microbiology, Immunology and General Infectology The goal of the course is to explain the relationships between individual reactivity of humans, pathogenic microorganisms and environment.The content of the course is general and clinical medical microbiology, immunology and general infectology. Immunology is taught in the winter semester, general infectology in the summer semester, microbiology in both semesters. The student will receive a partial credit for each subject. Their set will be the basis for granting credit for the entire course. Partial credit can be obtained after completing the prescribed part of course, ie in the winter semester they will be in microbiology and immunology, in the summer semester in microbiology and general infectology. At the end of the summer semester, students will receive a credit from the course on the basis of four partial credits. The purpose of the course from the point of view of a microbiologist is to teach students to understand the relationship between a pathogenic microorganism and its host in terms of adverse biological properties of the microorganism (pathogenicity, virulence) and in terms of defense of macroorganisms (nonspecific and specific immunity). The description of this relationship may be specified in the relevant nosological unit (infectious disease). Furthermore, the content of the subject is laboratory diagnostics, basics of treatment and prevention of infectious diseases. The course also teaches the principles of disease and the basic manifestations of diseases that have a non-infectious mechanism and immune system disorder is the basic or significant cause of the disease (autoimmune diseases, conditions of primary and secondary immunodeficiency and diseases caused by hypersensitivity). To facilitate teaching, clinical situations and case studies are used in some topics. In the summer semester, the course will include lectures on pathology and seminars on pharmacology. The exam is oral and includes microbiology, immunology and general infectology.
Aim of the course -
Last update: prof. MUDr. Helena Žemličková, Ph.D. (06.04.2020)

The goal of the course is to explain the relationships between  individual reactivity of humans, pathogenic microorganisms and environment. The basis is to understand  interactions between various microorganisms and individual defense mechanisms of human organism, to specify and quantify both players of interactions - detection of pathogens and their property and features of immune mechanisms. This educational process on the microscopic and molecular level  is supplemented by the clinical approach - demonstration of clinical cases with origin of infection or diseases caused by immune disorders. Students are expected to combine knowledge of pathophysiology, microbiology, immunology and histopathology - rational clinical science will be born from that. Students will get knowledge of clinical picture of infectious and immunopathologic diseases, diagnostic approach and basics of therapeutic approach.
Literature -
Last update: prof. MUDr. Helena Žemličková, Ph.D. (30.09.2021)

Part microbiology:

Murray P, Rosenthal KS, Pfaller MA. Medical Microbiology, eighth ed., Elsevier Mosby 2015

 

Part Immunology:

Cell. Moll. Immunology, Abbas AK, Elsevier 2018, 8th Editition      ·         ·        

Essentials of Clinical Immunology, Chapel H, Haeney M et al.  Blackwell Science,  6th Ed. 2014,
Teaching methods -
Last update: doc. MUDr. Petr Kučera, Ph.D. (30.09.2021)

Lectures will give basic informations about topics, seminars are based on interactive knowledqe acquisition. Practicum is based on immediate practical training of laboratory or clinical diagnostics procedures. Practicum at the clinic will allow to demonstrate the clinical science in reality.

Lectures / seminars/practimum will be taught by\ personal form, epidmiologic situation can this form change.

Please follow the information in the Teaching application Vyuka and on Moodle (3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Department of Microbiology).
Requirements to the exam -
Last update: doc. MUDr. Petr Kučera, Ph.D. (29.09.2022)

MII COURSE REQUIREMENTS (IN SHORT):
Microbiology winter semestr: presence + protocols + 1 test
Immunology: Presence and the Case presentation
Microbiology summer semestr: presence + protocols + 2 tests
General Infectology colloquium: presence 
Credit from MII: the above four credits 
Application for exam:  the above credit + CVSE2P0030 (Structure and function of human body)

Terms of exams from Microbiology, Immunology and General Infectology are on SIS (https://is.cuni.cz/studium/eng/index.php). Exam has an oral form.

 

Part Immunology:

·         Active presence at the course (practicum is obligatory)

·          67 % presence on seminars

·         Case presentation: A group of 3 students will elaborate a description of clinical case of immmune mediated disease. Based on the short description, students will select appropriate diagnostic procedures and tests. The teacher will provide feedback, test results and advice. The case description consists from symptoms descriptions, pathogenesis of the disease, appropriate tests, probable diagnosis a possible treatment. These results are presented by students during specific time for case presentation (Exam period), discussed by others and evaluated by teacher. Some question on the case topic. Resources for the case presentation - several citations from recent peer- rewied journals with formal aspects, lay information from web is not allowed as a reliable medical resource (example of reference:   Dlouhý P, Kučera P, Kraml P, Pompachová A, Potočková J, Šmejkalová V, Mokrejš P, Jaček M, Anděl M.. Short-Term Dietary Intake of C18:1 Trans Fatty Acids Decrease the Function of Cellular Immunity in Healthy Young Men, Ann Nutrition Metab, 2008, 53, 129-136.)

  More details will be found in Vyuka

Exam questions from Immunology part:

1.       Immune system - characteristics, structure and function

2.       Characteristics of antigens, types and properties. T-dependent and T-independent antigens

3.       Functions of antibodies

4.       Monoclonal antibodies and their use

5.       Subpopulation of T cells, their functions (Th1, Th2, T reg, Th17, Tc), roles in immunopathology

6.       Analysis of immune proteins - electrophoresis,  turbidimetry, nephelometry. Agglutination,  hybridome technology

7.       Defense mechanisms of skin and their disorders

8.       Mucosal immune system - structure and function of mucosal barrier

9.       Lymphatic tissue of mucosa, Common mucosal immune system

10.    Oral (mucosal) tolerance and disorders of  tolerance

11.    Antiinfectious immunity- principles of antibacterial immunity

12.    Defense against intracellular pathogens (bacteria and small  parasites - Protozoa) and fungi

13.    Antiinfectious immunity - against viruses and Helminths

14.    Detection of antiinfectious antibodies - ELISA, Westernblotting, agglutination

15.    Immunodeficiency - classification and typical clinical picture

16.    Primary  antibody deficiency  - molecular basis, classification, clinical picture

17.    Primary cell mediated immunodeficiency with T cell defect -  molecular basis, classification, clinical picture

18.    Primary defect of phagocytosis and complement - molecular basis, classification, clinical picture

19.    Laboratory tests of cell - mediated immunity

20.    Principles of immunoglobulin substitution therapy

21.    Secondary immunodeficiency - causes, clinical picture ant therapy

22.    Immunopathology of HIV infection

23.    Immunopathology reactions of hypersenzitivity, Type I - pathophysiology

24.    Types  and sources of IgE antigens - allergens

25.     Atopic diseases - characteristics, diagnosis and therapy

26.    Anaphylaxis  - characteristics, diagnosis and therapy

27.    Clinical and laboratory  investigation in atopic diseases

28.    Therapy of atopic diseases, allergen vaccination

29.    Immunopathology reactions of hypersenzitivity, Type II - pathophysiology

30.    Immunopathology reactions of hypersenzitivity, Type II - clinical picture

31.    Immunopathology reactions of hypersenzitivity, Type III - pathophysiology

32.    Immunopathology reactions of hypersenzitivity, Type III - clinical picture

33.    Immunopathology reactions of hypersenzitivity, Type IV - pathophysiology

34.    Immunopathologic reactions of hypersenzitivity, Type IV - clinical picture

35.    Etiology and pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases

36.    Autoimmunity, risk factors and mechanisms of tissue autoimmune destruction

37.    Autoantigens and autoantibodies

38.    Systemic autoimmune diseases, clinical picture

39.    Organ - nonspecific autoantibodies, indirect immunofluorescence for their detection and diagnostic significance.

40.    Organ specific autoimmune diseases, clinical picture

41.    Organ specific autoantibodies, detection by ELISA, diagnostic significance

42.    Antitumor immunity - function, mechanisms.

43.    Antigens of tumor cells. Immunotherapy of tumors

44.    Transplantation -  definition, types, transplantational antigens, investigation before transplantation

45.    Immune reactions after transplantation

46.    Immunohematology

47.    Principles of flow cytometry, immunophenotypization of immune cells

48.    Immunology of  reproduction, immune disorders of fertility

49.    Passive and active vaccination, adjuvans

50.    Biological therapy - principles and clinical use

 

 

 

Part microbiology:

 

Active presence at the course (practicals and seminars are obligatory - 80% attendance)

Good results in the tests (70%).

Exam questions from microbiology part of the final exam could be found in Výuka and Moodle.

 

Part General infectology: 

 

Criteria for credit from the part General Infectology are 80% attendance at lessons hold on the Infectious Diseases Department (practice). The questions for final oral exam from Infectology are listed below.

 

Infectious Disease Questions for the exam Microbiology-Immunology-Infectology

  1. Viral infections of the respiratory tract: the agents, basic differencies between viral and bacterial respiratory tract infections
  2. Bacterial infections of the respiratory tract: the agents, basic differencies between viral and bacterial respiratory tract infections
  3. Causative agents of CNS infections
  4. Causative agents of sexually-transmitted infections
  5. Classification of antibiotics: groups of drugs according to mechanism of action
  6. Penicilins and cephalosporins: classification, antibacterial spectrum, use in practice, common adverse effects
  7. Fluoroquinolones and cotrimoxazol: classification, antibacterial spectrum, use in practice, common adverse effects
  8. Macrolides and tetracyclines: classification, antibacterial spectrum, use in practice, common adverse effects
  9. Lincosamides and metronidazol: classification, antibacterial spectrum, use in practice, common adverse effects
  10. Salmonelosis and campylobacteriosis: characteristics of the agents, pathogenesis, diagnostics
  11. Diarhea caused by E. coli serotypes: types of pathogenicity, diagnostics, serotyping
  12. Bacillary dysentery, amoebic dysentery: characteristics of the agents, pathogenesis, diagnostics, complications
  13. Acute infectious diarhea: classification on the basis of etiology and pathogenesis
  14. Urinary tract infections: etiology of community-acquired and hospital-acquired infections, predisposing factors
  15. Viral hepatitis A, E: etiology, pathogenesis, laboratory diagnostics
  16. Viral hepatitis B, C, D: etiology, pathogenesis, course of disease, laboratory diagnostics
  17. Basic characteristics of zoonoses, routes of transmission, examples
  18. Lyme borreliosis: etiology, pathogenesis, disease stages, organs involved, diagnostics
  19. Tick-borne infections (excl. Lyme borreliosis)
  20. Toxoplasmosis: etiological agent and its life-cycle, pathogenesis, prevention
  21. Malaria: etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostics
  22. Typhoid fever: etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostics
  23. Skin and soft tissue infections – etiology, clinical signs, diagnostics
  24. Bone and joint infections – etiology, clinical signs, diagnostics

 
Syllabus -
Last update: prof. MUDr. Helena Žemličková, Ph.D. (15.09.2020)

Detailed syllabus, including Study materials, please see:

http://vyuka.lf3.cuni.cz
Entry requirements -
Last update: doc. MUDr. Petr Kučera, Ph.D. (30.09.2021)

Prerequisits for Immunology part of the Course is the knowledge from Cell and Molecular Immunology, Module Ib Cellular BAsis of Medicine, Ist year
 
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