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Structure and function of the human body - CVSE2P0037
Title: Struktura a funkce lidského těla
Guaranteed by: Department of Anatomy 3FM CU (12-ANAT)
Faculty: Third Faculty of Medicine
Actual: from 2014 to 2014
Semester: winter
Points: 20
E-Credits: 20
Examination process: winter s.:
Hours per week, examination: winter s.:100/156, C [HS]
Capacity: unknown / unknown (unknown)
Min. number of students: unlimited
4EU+: no
Virtual mobility / capacity: no
Key competences:  
State of the course: taught
Language: Czech, English
Teaching methods: full-time
Teaching methods: full-time
Level:  
Guarantor: prof. MUDr. David Kachlík, Ph.D.
doc. MUDr. Miloslav Franěk, Ph.D.
prof. RNDr. Eva Samcová, CSc.
Is pre-requisite for: CVSE2P0030
Examination dates   Schedule   
Annotation -
Last update: Ondřej Kubánek (12.09.2014)
The thematically integrated approach in the teaching of the normal structure (anatomy, histology and embryology) and function (physiology and biochemistry) of the human body is employed in following courses: 1) Locomotion 2) Digestion 3) Respiration and blood 4) Excretion and Reproduction 5) Dissection of limbs 6) Cicrculation 7) Regulation 1: Nervous system 8) Senses 9) Regulation 2: Endocrine system 10) Dissection of body
Course completion requirements -
Last update: Ondřej Kubánek (12.09.2014)

Successfully fulfilled final oral exam.
Literature -
Last update: prof. MUDr. Petr Zach, CSc. (09.09.2016)

Structure

WILLIAMS P.L.: Gray's Anatomy - 37th edition only !!! Edinburgh, Churchill Livingstone, 1999
MOORE K.L. Clinically Orientated Anatomy Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Philadelphia (6th edition) 2006
SNELL R.S. Clinical Neuroanatomy Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia (6th edition) 2003
NOLTE J. The Human Brain - 5th edition Mosby 2001
SADLER T.W. Langman's Medical Embryology Wolters Kluwer, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins (11th edition) 2010
MOORE K.L., PERSAUD T.V.N. The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology - 8th edition Saunders Elsevier 2008
MESCHER A.L. Junqueira's Basic Histology - 12th edition McGraw-Hill 2010
EROSCHENKO V.P. Di Fiore's atlas of histology with functional correlations - 11th edition Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2008

GOSLING J. Human Anatomy - 6th Edition. Color Atlas and Textbook. Elsevier. 2017

CROSSMAN A.R. Neuroanatomy - 5th Edition. 2015

SPRATT, SALKOWSKI, LOUKAS, TURMEZEI, WEIR and ABRAHAMS. Weir and Abrahams´Imaging Atlas of Human Anatomy, 5th Edition, 2016



Function

Barrett KE. Ganong's Review of Medical Physiology
Guyton & Hall. Textbook of Medical Physiology
Berne RM, Levy MN. Physiology
Despopoulos A, Silbernagl S. Color Atlas of Physiology

Pamela C. Champe, Richard A. Harvey: Lippincott´s Illustrated Reviews - Biochemistry
Jan Koolman, Klaus-Heinrich Röhm: Color Atlas of Biochemistry
Robert K. Murray: Harper's Illustrated Biochemistry, 26 ed. or higher
Teaching methods -
Last update: Ondřej Kubánek (12.09.2014)

Student attends lectures, seminars and practical trainings. Conferences that are always planned at the end of each course of the Module IA study help students to understand the significant and fulfillment of acquisitional knowledge in their future practice.
Requirements to the exam -
Last update: Ondřej Kubánek (12.09.2014)

Fulfilled credits of winter and summer semester:

 

Course 1 - Locomotion (7 weeks)

Examination during the course

                Structure

1.      Bones of limbs - oral

2.      Joints of limbs - oral

3.      Axial skleleton - oral

4.      Skull - oral

Function

  1. Tests during seminaries
  2. TClinical detective story

 

Examination after the course

                Structure and Function

  1. Joint test

 

Course 2 - Digestion (3 weeks)

Examination during the course

Function

1.   Tests during seminaries

2. Clinical detective story

3. Oral examination in biochemistry of digestion

Examination after the course

                Structure and Function

  1. Joint test

 

 

Course 3 - Respiration and blood (2 weeks)

Examination during the course

Function

1.   Tests during seminaries

2.  Essay or oral presentation

Examination after the course

                Structure and Function

  1. Joint test

 

Course 4 - Excretion and reproduction (3 weeks)

Examination during the course

Function

1.   Tests during seminaries

Examination after the course

                Structure and Function

  1. Joint oral examination

 

Course 5 - Topographical dissection of limbs

                Structure

  1. Oral examination

 

Terms of test/oral examination after the course

 

1st term immediately after the course

2nd term during the winter examination period (17th week)

3rd term during the summer examination period (18th week)

4th during the summer examination period (September)

Terms of oral examinations during the course

 

1st term after termination of relevant practical training

2nd term in adequate time interval during the course

3rd term during the winter examination period

4th term during the summer examination period (June)

5th term during the summer examination period (September)

 

Termination of winter semester and granting the credit:

 

Structure

  1. Histological slides- oral examination

 

Structure and Function

  1. Fulfilled duties of Course 1-5
  2. Summary presence in practical trainings (80 %)

 

 

Summer semester

Course 6 - Circulation (4 weeks)

Examination during the course

                Structure

1.       Heart - oral

Function

1.   Tests during seminaries

2. TClinical detective story

Examination after the course

                Structure and Function

  1. Joint test

Course 7 - Regulation 1: Nervous system (6 weeks)

Examination during the course

                Structure

1.       Brain - oral

2.       Brain sections - oral

Function

1.   Tests during seminaries

2.   Clinical detective story

Examination after the course

                Structure and Function

1. Joint oral examination (together with Course 8)

 

Course 8 - Senses (1 week)

Examination during the course

Function

1.   Tests during seminaries

Examination after the course

                Structure and Function

1. Joint oral examination (together with Course 8)

 

Course 9 - Regulation 2: Endocrinology (4 weeks)

Examination during the course

Function

1.   Tests during seminaries

2. Oral examination in biochemistry of endocrinology

Examination after the course

                Structure and Function

1.       Joint test

               

Course 10 - Topographical dissection of body

                Structure

  1. Oral examination

 

Terms of test/oral examination after the course

 

1st term immediately after the course

2nd term during the summer examination period (17th week)

3rd term during the summer examination period (19th week)

4th during the summer examination period (September)

Terms of oral examinations during the course

 

1st term after termination of relevant practical training

2nd term in adequate time interval during the course

3rd term during the summer examination period (beginning of June)

4th term during the summer examination period (end of June)

5th term during the summer examination period (September)

 

Termination of summer semester and granting the credit:

 

Structure

  1. Histological slides- oral examination

 

Structure and Function

  1. Fulfilled duties of Course 6-10
  2. Summary presence in practical trainings (80 %)

 

Conditions of application for final exam

 

Fulfilled credits of winter and summer semester.

 

Terms of final exam in Module Structure and Function

 

1st term after fulfilling the credits

2nd term at least 14 day after the first one

3rd term at least 14 day after the second one

 

Exam questions for Module Structure and Function

1. Bone (1102, 1103, 1105, 1107, 1110, 1115, 1116, 1119-1123, 1501-1507) 2. Joint (1104, 1106, 1109, 1115, 1116, 1119, 1501-1507) 3. Skeletal muscle and its function (1111-1113, 1117, 1126-1135, 1501-1507) 4. Neuromuscular plate (1111-1113, 1117, 1126-1135, 1501-1507) 5. Plasma and hemostasis (1302, 1303, 1315-1317) 6. Red blood cells (1302, 1303, 1305, 1316, 1317) 7. White blood cells and immunity (1302, 1316, 1317, 2114, 2115, 2117, 2118) 8. Proteins (1301-1322) 9. Lipids (1201-1222) 10. Carbohydrates (1201-1222) 11. Liver (1204-1222) 12. Bile (1204-1222) 13. Oral cavity. peritoneum and vitamines (1201-1204, 1207, 1209-1217) 14. Ventilation (1301, 1304, 1307-1314) 15. Diffusion and perfusion in lungs (1301, 1304, 1307, 1308, 1310-1314) 16. Acid-base balance (1301, 1302, 1304, 1307-1314, 1316, 1317, 1401-1404, 1408, 1409, 1411, 1412) 17. Production and composition of urine (1401-1404, 1408, 1409, 1413, 1415, 1416, 1419, 1420, 1422, 1423) 18. Excretion of urine (1405, 1406, 1408, 1409, 1415, 1416, 1419, 1420, 1422) 19. Hemodynamics (2101-2113, 2116, 2120, 2121, 2123-2127) 20. Electric activity of heart (2101-2105, 2119, 2123-2127) 21. Arteries (2106-2109, 2111, 2113, 2116, 2120-2127) 22. Veins (2110-2112, 2116, 2120, 2121, 2123-2127) 23. Lymph (1102, 1201-1206, 1208, 1214, 1217, 2114, 2115, 2117, 2118, 2120, 2123, 2124) 24. Spinal cord and reflexes (1112, 1113, 1126, 1127, 1129, 1130, 1132, 1133, 2201-2204, 2206, 2215, 2221, 2224, 2226-2228, 2230-2239, 2242-2246) 25. Brain stem and reflexes (1113, 1119-1123, 1126-1128, 2201, 2203-2213, 2215, 2218, 2221, 2224-2228, 2230-2240, 2242-2246) 26. Cerebellum (2201, 2203-2207, 2212, 2213, 2215, 2221, 2227, 2228, 2230, 2232, 2233, 2235, 2236, 2238, 2239, 2242-2246, 2303, 2306, 2309) 27. Diencephalon and basal ganglia (2201, 2203, 2206, 2214-2220, 2222, 2224, 2225, 2226, 2228, 2230, 2232-2240, 2242-2246) 28. Cerebral cortex (2201, 2203, 2206, 2214-2220, 2222-2226, 2228-2230, 2232-2246) 29. Motor systems (1112, 1113, 1126, 1127, 1129-1133, 2201-2217, 2219-2222, 2225, 2227, 2229, 2231-2233, 2235, 2236, 2238-2240, 2242-2246) 30. Sensory systems (1112, 1113, 2201-2216, 2220-2222, 2224-2227, 2229, 2231, 2232, 2234-2236, 2238, 2242-2246, 2304, 2308, 2311, 2419-2421) 31. Behavior, emotions, learning and memory (2201, 2203, 2206, 2220, 2222, 2229, 2233, 2239, 2238, 2239, 2240-2246) 32. Autonomic regulation (2201, 2203, 2205-2211, 2214, 2216, 2220-2222, 2224-2227, 2229, 2232, 2233, 2236, 2238, 2240, 2242-2246, 2401, 2402, 2404, 2405, 2408, 2415, 2417) 33. Wakefulness and sleep (2201, 2203, 2205-220, 2214-2216, 2218, 2220-2223, 2225, 2227, 2229, 2232-2237, 2240, 2242-2246, 2301, 2302, 2305, 2313, 2401, 2402) 34. Touch and proprioception (1111, 1112, 2208, 2209, 2227, 2232, 2235, 2236, 2304, 2308, 2310, 2311, 2313) 35. Vision (2203, 2208, 2209, 2214, 2216, 2220, 2222, 2227, 2229, 2232, 2236, 2240, 2301, 2302, 2305, 2307, 2310-2313) 36. Hearing and balance (2203, 2212-2214, 2216, 2220, 2222, 2225, 2227, 2229, 2232, 2236, 2303, 2306, 2309-2311, 2313) 37. Taste and smell (2203, 2208-2211, 2220, 2222, 2227, 2229, 2232, 2236, 2240, 2304, 2308-2311, 2313) 38. Pain (2207-2209, 2214, 2216, 2225, 2227, 2232-2236, 2240, 2304, 2308, 2310, 2311, 2313) 39. Endocrine regulation (2203, 2214, 2216, 2225, 2227, 2233, 2236, 2240, 2244, 2401-2409, 2412-2416, 2433) 40. Hypothalamic-hypophyseal system (2203, 2214, 2216, 2225, 2227, 2233, 2236, 2240, 2244, 2401-2405, 2408, 2409, 2414) 41. Thyroid a parathyroid gland (2401-2406, 2414-2416) 42. Suprarenal gland (2401-2405, 2407, 2408, 2414-2416) 43. Male genital organs (1407, 1410, 1411, 1414, 1415, 1421, 1422, 2401-2405, 2409, 2414-2416) 44. Female genital organs (1407, 1411, 1412, 1415, 1417, 1418, 1421, 1422, 1424, 2401-2405, 2409-2412, 2414-2416, 2419-2421) 45. Gravidity, delivery and lactation (1407, 1411, 1412, 1415, 1417, 1418, 1421, 1422, 1424, 2401, 2402, 2404, 2405, 2409-2412, 2414-2416, 2419-2421) 46. Thermoregulation (2406, 2407, 2419-2423)
Syllabus -
Last update: Ondřej Kubánek (12.09.2014)

Courses of the Module Body

Course 1 – Locomotion (7 weeks)

Lectures

Structure

1. Introduction to morphology

2. General osteology and bones of limbs

3. General arthrology

4. General myology and muscles of limbs

5. General neurology and spinal nerves

6. Axial skeleton and pelvis as a whole

7. Skull and development of head and neck I

8. Skull and development of head and neck II

9. Muscles and nerves of head and neck

10. Muscles and nerves of thorax and back

11. Muscles and nerves of abdomen and pelvic floor

Function

1. History and present state of physiology. Introduction to experimental propedeutics

2. Calcium and its significance in the bone metabolism

3. Physiology of the muscle function, properties of the excitatory tissues, action potentials. The muscle tone, force and work.

4. Metabolism of muscle cells

Seminars a Practices

Structure

1. Bones of upper limb - Practices

2. Joints of upper limb - Practices

3. Bones of lower limb - Practices

4. Joints of lower limb - Practices

5. Muscles and nerves of limbs

6. Axial skeleton and pelvis as a whole - Practices

7. Skull – bones - Practices

8. Skull – topography I - Practices

9. Skull – topography II - Practices

10. Muscles and nerves of head and neck - Practices

11. Muscles and nerves of thorax and back - Practices

12. Muscles and nerves of abdomen and pelvic floor - Practices

Function

1. The principles of experimental work, experimental protocol, scientific information - Practices

2. The use and handling with experimental animals, the basic principles of statistics - Practices

3. Surgical technique on a model - Practices

4. Surgical and injection technique on the animal, autopsy of the rat, tracheal and vascular cannulation I - Practices

5. Surgical and injection technique on the animal, autopsy of the rat, tracheal and vascular cannulation II - Practices

6. Demonstration of neuromuscular sample and myographic curve. The resting and action potential of the muscles.– Practices

7. Function of muscles and bones - Seminar

8. Biochemistry of bones and muscles - Practices

Conference

Course 2 – Digestion (3 weeks)

Lectures

Structure

1. Development of head and neck

2. Digestive system I – oral cavity, teeth and pharynx

3. Digestive system II – developmewnt of tube and glands

4. Digestive system III – tube

5. Digestive system IV – glands and peritoneum

Function

1. Gastrointestinal physiology I

2. Gastrointestinal Physiology II

3. Biochemistry of the digestive tract

4. Biochemistry of the liver

5. Intermediary metabolism relationships

Seminars a Practices

Structure

1. Digestive system I – oral cavity, teeth and pharynx - Practices

2. Digestive system II – tube I

3. Digestive system III – tube II

4. Digestive system IV – development of tube and glands

5. Digestive system V – glands and peritoneum

6. Digestive system – anatomical preparations - Practices

7. Digestive system – histological preparations I- Practices

8. Digestive system – histological preparations II - Practices

Function

1. Detection of amylase in saliva and urine – Practices

2. Measurement of subcutaneous fat. Nutrition physiology - Practices

3. Function of gastrointestinal tract - Seminar

4. Digestion, liver, jaundice - Practices

Conference

Course 3 – Respiration and blood (2 weeks)

Lectures

Structure

1. Respiratory system I

2. Respiratory system II

Function

1. Function of blood and blood plasma, erythropoietic organs

2. Blood elements, haemocoagulation, blood groups

3. Physiology of respiration I

4. Physiology of respiration II

Seminars a Practices

Structure

1. Respiratory system I

2. Respiratory system II

3. Respiratory system – anatomical preparations - Practices

4. Respiratory system – histological preparations - Practices

Function

1. Determination of haemoglobin, hematocrite, counting of the erythrocytes and calculation of its values, erythrocyte sedimentation rate - Practices

2. Counting of leukocytes, blood groups, capillary fragility. APTT, Quick test - Practices

3. Blood I

4. Blood II

5. Spirometry - Practices

6. Mechanisms of breathing - Practices

7. Functions of respiratory system - Seminar

8. Biochemistry of respiration - Seminar

Conference

Course 4 – Excretion and reproduction (3 weeks)

Lectures

Structure

1. Upper urinary tract and its development

2. Lower urinary tract and its development

3. Reproductive system - development

4. Male genital system

5. Female genital system

6. Nutrition of embryo and fetus

Function

1. Physiology of kidneys I

2. Physiology of kidneys II

3. Biochemistry of kidneys

4. Metabolism of water and minerals

5. Acid-base balance

Seminars a Practices

Structure

1. Upper urinary tract and its development

2. Lower urinary tract and its development

3. Reproductive system - development

4. Male genital system

5. Female genital system

6. Nutrition of embryo and fetus

7. Excretion and reproduction – anatomical preparations - Practices

8. Excretion and reproduction – histological preparations I - Practices

9. Reproduction – histological preparations II - Practices

Function

1. Osmotic polyuria. Intestinal motility - Practices

2. Physiology of kidneys - Seminar

3. Chemical examination of urine - Practices

4. Acid-Base Balance, Astrup - Seminar

Conference

Course 5 – Topographical dissection of limbs

Structure

1. Dissection of upper limb (1st day)

2. Dissection of lower limb (2nd day)

3. Dissection of both limb nerves (3rd day)

4. Dissection of both limb vessels (4th day)

5. Dissection of limb topographical sites (5. den)

6. Dissection of limb (6th day)

7. Dissection of limb (7th day)

Summer semester

Course 6 – Circulation (4 weeks)

Lectures

Structure

1. Heart and its development I

2. Heart and its development II

3. Arterial system and its development I

4. Arterial system II

5. Venous system and its development

6. Lymphatic system I

7. Lymphatic system II

Function

1. Heart revolution. Cardiac action potential. Cardiac electrical activity

2. Blood pressure, haemodynamics

3. Microcirculation. Lymphatic system. Specific blood circulatory systems

4. Fetal circulation. Regulation of the heart and vessel activities

5. Biochemistry of the heart and blood vessels - Practices

Seminars a Practices

Structure

1. Heart and its development

2. Heart – conducting system and vessels - Practices

3. Arterial system I

4. Arterial system II

5. Venous system

6. Lymphatic system I

7. Lymphatic system II

8. Circulation – histological preparations - Practices

9. Circulation – anatomical preparations - Practices

Function

1. Blood pressure measurement - Practices

2. Changes of the heart rate and blood pressure after physical load - Practices

3. ECG - Practices

4. Measurement of cardiovascular parameters - Practices

5. Heart and circulation

6. Biochemistry of cardiovackular diseases - Seminar

Conference

Course 7 – Regulation 1: Nervous system (6 weeks)

Lectures

Structure

1. Introduction to nervous system

2. Spinal cord

3. Brainstem

4. Skull and cranial nerves I

5. Skull and cranial nerves II

6. Cerebellum and mesencephalon

7. Diencephalon

8. Basal ganglia

9. Cerebral cortex

10. Autonomic nervous system

11. Brain ventricles, meninges and vessels

12. CNS – tracts

13. CNS – limbic system and circuits

Function

1. General principles of neurophysiology

2. Receptors and mediators in CNS

3. Electrophysiological methods

4. Spinal cord, brain stem, cerebellum

5. Functions of midbrain, basal ganglia and diencephalon

6. Functions of limbic system and cortex

7. Pain

8. Physiology of somatosensory system, motor system and proprioception

9. Learning and memory. Physiology of sleep, chronobiology

10. Physiology of visceral and neurohumoral regulations

11. Biochemical aspects of brain function

Seminars a Practices

Structure

1. Development and internal structure of nervous system

2. Spinal cord

3. Brainstem

4. Skull and cranial nerves I

5. Skull and cranial nerves II

6. Cerebellum and mesencephalon

7. Diencephalon

8. Basal ganglia

9. Cerebral cortex

10. Autonomic nervous system

14. Brain ventricles, meninges and vessels

11. CNS – tracts and circuits

12. Nervous system – anatomical preparations - Practices

13. Nervous system – histological preparations - Practices

Function

1. EEG in man - Practices

2. Reflexes in men. Reaction time - Practices

3. Chronic constriction injury - Practices

4. Learning and memory - Practices

5. Evaluation of pain - Practices

6. CNS I

7. CNS II

8. CNS III - Practices

Conference

Course 8 – Senses (1 week)

Lectures

Structure

1. Eye

2. Ear and temporal bone

3. Smell, taste and touch

Function

1. Physiology of visual system

2. Physiology of hearing. Chemical senses

3. Biochemistry of sensory perception

Seminars a Practices

Structure

1. Eye

2. Ear and temporal bone

3. Smell, taste and touch

4. Senses – histological preparations - Practices

Function

1. Perimetry, errors of refraction - Practices

2. Accommodation. Color vision. Tests of hearing - Practices

3. Senses

Course 9 – Regulation II: Endocrinology (4 weeks)

Lectures

Structure

1. Endocrine glands

2. Fetal period and delivery

3. Skin and mammary gland

Function

1. General endocrinology. The feedback. Regulation of hormone secretion

2. Hormones of hypothalamus and hypophysis

3. Thyriod and parathyroid hormones

4. Hormones of adrenal medulla and adrenal cortex. Stress

5. Male and female hormones. Pregnancy and lactation

6. Endocrine function of the pancreas and GIT

7. Influence of hormones on metabolism

8. Biochemistry of exceptional situations

9. Thermoregulation

10. Biochemistry of the adipose tissue

Seminars a Practices

Structure

1. Endocrine glands

2. Endocrine glands – histological preparations - Practices

3. Skin and mammary gland

4. Skin and mammary gland – histological preparations - Practices

Function

1. Stress - Practices

2. Pregnancy test - Practices

3. Physiology of endocrinology I

4. Physiology of endocrinology II

5. Metabolism during pregnancy; newborns - Seminar

6. Biochemistry in the medicine, evaluation of laboratory results - Seminar

Conference

Course 10 – Topographical dissection of body

Structure

1. Dissection of body – regions, lines, projections (1st day)

2. Dissection of topographical sites of head (2nd day)

3. Dissection of topographical sites of neck (3rd day)

4. Dissection of topographical sites of thorax (4th day)

5. Dissection of topographical sites of abdomen (5th day)

6. Dissection of topographical sites of back and pelvis (6th day)

7. Dissection of body – inputs into body (7th day)

8. Dissection of body – selected topographical sites (8th day)

9. Dissection of body – selected topographical sites (9th day)

10. Dissection of body (10th day)
Entry requirements -
Last update: Ondřej Kubánek (12.09.2014) 
Fulfilled Module Cellular Basis of Medicine (SIS code CVSE1M0001)
Fulfilled Subject Medical Terminology and Latin (SIS code CVSE1P0003)
Registration requirements -
Last update: Ondřej Kubánek (12.09.2014) 
Fulfilled Module Cellular Basis of Medicine (SIS code CVSE1M0001)
Fulfilled Subject Medical Terminology and Latin (SIS code CVSE1P0003)
Course completion requirements -
Last update: Ondřej Kubánek (12.09.2014)

Successfully fulfilled final oral exam.
 
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