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Course, academic year 2013/2014
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Cellular Basis of Medicine - CVSE1M0001
Title: Buněčné základy medicíny
Guaranteed by: Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology 3FM CU (12-BIOC)
Faculty: Third Faculty of Medicine
Actual: from 2012 to 2016
Semester: summer
Points: 14
E-Credits: 14
Examination process: summer s.:
Hours per week, examination: summer s.:00/0, Ex [HS]
Extent per academic year: 0 [hours]
Capacity: unknown / unknown (unknown)
Min. number of students: unlimited
4EU+: no
Virtual mobility / capacity: no
Key competences:  
State of the course: taught
Language: Czech
Teaching methods: full-time
Teaching methods: full-time
Level:  
Note: deregister from the exam date if a requisite was not fulfilled
Guarantor: prof. RNDr. Eva Samcová, CSc.
MUDr. Eva Maňáková, Ph.D.
MUDr. Lucie Hubičková Heringová, Ph.D.
Pre-requisite : CVSE1M0002, CVSE1M0003
Examination dates   Schedule   
Annotation -
Last update: doc. MUDr. Petr Kučera, Ph.D. (28.09.2020)
Module Cellular Basis of Medicine ("module Cell") consists of four courses - two in the winter semester and two in the summer semester:
 Course 1 - Cell structure and heredity (8 weeks), Course 2 - Cell metabolism and specialisation (7 weeks), Course 3 - Cell signalling and immunity (7 weeks), Course 4 - Cell cycle and development (8 weeks). The teaching in this module is carried out by the Department of biochemistry, cell and molecular biology, Department of histology and embryology, Department of medical genetics and Department of immunology.
Aim of the course -
Last update: prof. RNDr. Eva Samcová, CSc. (08.12.2011)

The aim of the subject should be to submit self-contained knowledge about cells and tissues. The  students obtain basic knowledge in molecular biology, biochemistry, histology, genetics and imunology by integrated form of teaching.

Literature -
Last update: Mgr. Vladimíra Kvasnicová (26.09.2019)

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

  • Alberts B. et al.: Essential Cell Biology. Garland Science, New York & London, 2010
  • Alberts B. et.al.: Molecular Biology of the Cell. Garland Science, New York, 2008 
  • Lodish H. et al.: Molecular Cell Biology. W. H. Freeman and Company, New York, 2008
  • Knowles M. and Selby P.: Introduction to the Cellular and Molecular Biology of Cancer. Oxford University Press, Oxford & New York, 2005

 BIOCHEMISTRY

  • Rodwell Victor W.: Harper´s Illustrated Biochemistry, 31st ed., 2018, ISBN 978-1259837937 (main recommended textbook for biochemistry)
  • Jan Koolman, Klaus-Heinrich Röhm: Color Atlas of Biochemistry, Thieme, Stuttgard, 2012, ISBN 978-3131003737, also available from http://www.lf3.cuni.cz/en/departments/svi/e-book/foreign-books/index.html  
  • Pamela C. Champe, Richard A. Harvey: Lippincott´s Illustrated Reviews - Biochemistry, ISBN 0-397-51091-8
  • Thomas M. Devlin et al.: Textbook of Biochemistry With Clinical Correlations, 4th ed., ISBN 0-471-15451-2

 GENETICS

  • Robert L. Nussbaum, Roderick R. McInnes, Huntington F. Willard: Thompson and Thompson: Genetics in Medicine. Eighth edition, Elsevier 2016, ISBN 978-1-4377-0696-3
  • Lynn B. Jorde, John C. Carey, Michael J. Bamshad: Medical Genetics. Fifth edition, Elsevier 2016, ISBN 978-0-323-18835-7
  • Dorian J. Pritchard, Bruce R. Korf: Medical Genetics at a Glance. Second edition, Blackwell Publishing 2008

 HISTOLOGY

  • Junqueira LC, Carneiro J: Basic Histology. Text and atlas. 14th ed. (last one) McGraw-Hill, New York 2005.
  • Ross and Pawlina: Histology - a Text and Atlas (with correlated cell and  molecular biology)
  • Young B, Heath JW: Wheather's Functional Histology: a Text and Colour Atlas. 5th ed. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh 1993.
  • Kierszenbaum AL: Histology and Cell Biology. An Introduction to Pathology. Mosby Elsevier, Philadelphia
  • Eroschenko VP.: diFiore´s Atlas of Histology with functional correlations – my opinion : a bit simplified , but a lot of good pictures
  • Kerr JB: Functional Histology, 2nd ed, Mosby, 2010.
  • Moore KL,Persaud TVN: The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryolog, 10 th ed,  Elsevier, 2015,  ISBN 80-85866-94-3
  • Sadler TW:  Langman´s Medical Embryology, 13 th  ed., William and Wilkins 2015, ISBN-13: 978-1451191646

 IMMUNOLOGY

  • Abbas, AH Lichtman, S Pillai.  Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Elsevier, 2011. 7th ed.
  • Roitt I, Delves PJ: Essential Immunology. Blackwell Scientific Publications 2012, 12th ed.
  • Kindt TJ: Kuby Immunology, New York : W.H. Freeman, 2006 
  • Immunobiology, Janeway CA et al., available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=imm.TOC&depth=2
  • Any other immunology textbook can be used

 

Teaching methods -
Last update: Mgr. Vladimíra Kvasnicová (27.09.2020)

Forms of teaching in this module include lectures, seminars and practicals.
Essay topics are assigned by teachers before some seminars in which they are to be presented by students.

Requirements to the exam -
Last update: Mgr. Vladimíra Kvasnicová (27.09.2020)

Exam requirements

The final module exam will take place in the summer examination period (June-September) in the form of a written test from all five subjects of the module (biochemistry, histology, molecular biology, genetics and imunology). In order to pass the exam you must obtain at least 60 % of points from questions of each subject and at the same time obtain at least 70 % of the total number of points from the test. The points you accumulated over the year in course tests will be added to your total score and as such they can help you pass the test or improve your mark. However, these points are not added to the 60 % requirement from each subject, you must reach this mark regardless of your work during the year. 

Detailed information about exam:

·      exam test can be taken three times at maximum, only in the summer examination period

·      exam dates are announced in SIS - you can sign up for the exam only if you’ve received both semestral credits (winter and summer)

·      you MUST sign up for chosen date of the exam in SIS: you will not be able to take the test without it

·      once you register for an exam you must attend - if you fail to attend without a prior apology you will lose the attempt, i.e. out of three total attempts you will only have two (or one if you fail to attend again without a prior apology)

·      the first exam date is only for students with both credits fulfilled on schedule, i.e. those who do not need to take a summer combined test (more details in Requirements for credit)

·      it is a written exam containing Short Answer Questions

·      the test includes 10 questions (2 questions from each subject)

·      topics of the test questions are the same as topics of lectures of the whole module (see syllabus)

·      total number of points from the test: 20 points for each Short Answer Question, i. e. 10x 20 = 200 points all together (= 100%)

·      overall time for the test: 2 hours

·      to pass the exam you must
a) reach at least 60 % of points from each of the five subjects (i.e. 24 points / subject) and at the same time
b) reach at least 70 % of points from the whole test (140 points)

! you will need your seven-digit ID number for identification of the test (it is found in the SIS), dark blue or black pen and a calculator !

·      points accumulated from course tests during the year are added to the total number of points from the exam test (in every term): 4 courses x 5 points = maximum 20 points

·      these points are not added to point counts from individual subjects, but to the total number of points from the whole test

·      points from course tests can improve your result by one mark

·      exam marking: 

total number of points

139 and less

140 - 159

160 - 179

180 and more

mark

4

3

2

1


 Requirements for semestral credits 

- rules for winter and summer semesters are the same:

1) participation in practicals

2) presentation of essays

3) tests

 

Requirements for fulfilment of credit conditions and rules for their substitution


1) practicals
: active participation and knowledge are assessed, a laboratory coat is required

  • biochemical practicals - processing of given tasks, laboratory reports
  • histological slides - worked-out workbook, test on slides
  • molecular biology practicals - processing of given tasks, written test
  • cytogenetics practicals - processing of given tasks

rules for substitution of practicals:

  • there are compensatory dates of practicals; written elaboration of missing task and testing is possible only in case of proved relevant reasons of absence (e.g. illness)

  

2) essays: essay content and oral presentation are assessed

  • clinical detective stories 1 - 9 - preparation in advance, active participation at seminars (= presentation and discussion)
  • seminar paper on inherited disorder (once in the academic year) - presentation at a seminar from genetics
  • seminar presentation on substances essential for development (once in the summer semester) - presentation at a seminar from biochemistry

rules for substitution of essays:

  • written elaboration needs to be personally hand in and presented to your teacher

 

3) semestral credit tests: performance in the tests is assessed

  • each semestral test is divided into two course tests taken after each course during both semesters (i.e. 2 tests in the winter and 2 tests in the summer semester), you have 70 min. for the test; credit tests include both the TRUE/FALSE questions and Short Answer questions, you need to obtain at least 5 from 10 points each semester, the points are added to your exam result
  • if you do not perform adequately in the course tests you has to take the combined test from both courses of the semester at once (i.e. winter combined test and/or summer combined test), you have 90 min. for the test; the combined test includes only TRUE/FALSE questions, you need at least 70% of points from the test, the points are NOT added to your exam results
  • you must be sign up in the SIS for the combined tests

rules for substitution of tests:

  • there are three dates of combined tests (the winter combined test can be taken 1x in February, 1x in June and 1x in September; the summer combined test can be taken 2x in June and 1x in September; you must be sign up in the SIS for the combined tests; CAUTION: the combined tests in June are held after the first exam test (= pre-term) date

 

For more information see the application Vyuka  (http://vyuka.lf3.cuni.cz/)

In case of questions regarding the module use cell@lf3.cuni.cz

Syllabus -
Last update: Mgr. Vladimíra Kvasnicová (27.09.2018)

Detailed information about lectures, seminars and practicals are available at http://vyuka.lf3.cuni.cz/

Courses of the winter semester                                                                                                                                                

  • Course 1  -  Cell structure and heredity
  • Course 2  -  Cell metabolism and specialisation                                                                                                                                                                 

Courses of the summer semester                                                                                                                                                 

  • Course 3 - Cell signalling and immunity                                                                 
  • Course 4 - Cell cycle and development             

 

The following list of lectures sumarizes topics from which test questions are randomly generated (see Requirements for the exam):

Course 1 - Cell structure and heredity

  • History of Life on Earth
  • Structure of prokaryotic cell
  • Genetics of prokaryotes
  • Structure of eukaryotic cell, organelles
  • Composition of intracellular fluid, pH
  • Laboratory analytical methods
  • Basic building blocks of cells
  • Structure and properties of proteins
  • Protein functions
  • Cytoskeleton
  • Overview of tissues
  • Epithelial tissues I (classification)
  • Structure of nucleic acids
  • Genetic code, genes, genome
  • Structure and function of cell nucleus, chromatin
  • Chromosomal basis of heredity
  • Origin of genetic variability
  • Principles of heredity, Mendelian principles
  • Gene linkage
  • Variability and changes of genetic information, mutations I
  • Variability and changes of genetic information, mutations II
  • Genetic determination of sex
  • Monogenic traits and disorders
  • Gene interactions
  • Multifactorial, polygenic traits and disorders
  • Phenotypes, genotypes, population genetics
  • Cytogenetics I – numerical chromosomal abnormalities
  • Cytogenetics II – structural chromosomal aberrations
  • Differences from Mendelian heredity – imprinting, dynamic mutations
  • Methods of chromosomal study, postnatal and prenatal cytogenetic diagnosis
  • Genetics in medicine, genetic counselling, prevention and treatment of genetic disorders
  • Structure and function of membranes
  • Transport across membranes, membrane potential
  • Intracellular transport of substances
  • Extracellular matrix, cell adhesion and cell junctions
  • Biotechnology, gene manipulations and gene therapy
  • Special methods of histology to distinguish tissues and cells
  • Methods of protein analysis I

 

Course 2 - Cell metabolism and specialisation

  • What fuels our cells?
  • Chemical reactions in metabolism
  • Enzymes
  • Coenzymes, vitamins, trace elements
  • Inhibition of enzymes, use in farmacology
  • Mitochondria - structure and origin
  • Electron transport chain and ATP formation
  • Krebs cycle
  • Epithelial tissues II (glandular epithelium)
  • Epithelial tissues III (barriers, transport)
  • Degradation and synthesis of glucose
  • Pentose phosphate cycle, metabolism of fructose and galactose
  • Degradation of lipids, ketone bodies
  • Energy storage in cells
  • Muscle tissue
  • Cell motility and molecular motors
  • Metabolism of amino acids I.
  • Metabolism of amino acids II.
  • Metabolism of muscle cells, muscle contraction
  • Regulation of metabolic pathways at the cellular level
  • Energy metabolism - the overview
  • Morphology of blood elements
  • Hemopoesis
  • Biochemistry of erythrocytes
  • Iron and heme metabolism
  • Biochemistry of leukocytes, thrombocytes and hemocoagulation
  • Components of blood plasma and their functions
  • Connective tissue
  • Metabolism of connective tissue
  • Cartilage, bone and ossification
  • Enzymopathy - inherited metabolic disorders
  • Biochemical correlations of monogenic disorders
  • Newborn screening
  • Extreme situations in cells

 

Course 3 - Cell signalling and immunity

  • Extracellular signalling
  • Extracellular signalling molecules
  • Cells producing signalling molecules
  • Steroids and their blood transport
  • Metabolism of hormones
  • Signal transfer into cell, membrane receptors
  • Intracellular signalling and signal execution
  • Signalling pathways I
  • Signalling pathways II
  • Signalling pathways III
  • Endocrine signalization and its disorders
  • Nervous tissue, structure of synapse
  • Nutrients as signalling molecules
  • Transmission of the information in the NS - the synapse, action potential
  • Synthesis and degradation of neurotransmitters
  • Neurotransmitters and their receptors
  • Receptors in pharmacology
  • Pharmacology of signalling molecules
  • Function of immune system, natural and adaptive immunity
  • Cells of nonspecific immunity, phagocytosis
  • Leukocytes - surface molecules, cytokines, antibodies
  • Complement system and inflammation
  • Eicosanoids and the pharmacology of inflammation
  • MHC molecules, antigens
  • Tissues and organs of the immune system
  • B and T cells Development
  • Immune reactions based on T cells and NK cells
  • Immune reactions based on B cells and antibodies
  • Methods of protein analysis II
  • Immunogenetics
  • Inherited disorders of immunity
  • Methods for testing immune response

 

Course 4 - Cell cycle and development

  • Cell Cycle
  • Regulation of cell cycle
  • Metabolism of nucleotides
  • DNA replication and reparation
  • Transcription and translation
  • Methods of DNA analysis I
  • Regulation of gene expression
  • Methods of DNA analysis II
  • Gametogenesis and fertilization
  • Cell differentiation and senescence
  • Apoptosis
  • Regulation of apoptosis
  • Blastogenesis, implantation, placenta
  • Notogenesis, neurulation
  • Embryonal development
  • Regulation of early development
  • Human reproductive genetics, preimplantation diagnosis
  • Developmental toxicology, pharmacotherapy during pregnancy
  • Renewal and repair
  • Stem cells, organ substitution
  • Biochemistry of ageing (ROS, glacation)
  • General toxicology
  • Biotransformation of xenobiotics
  • Pharmacogenetics
  • Mutagenes and carcinogenes in environment
  • Structure of viruses
  • Interactions of viruses with cell
  • Oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes
  • Chromosomes and tumors
  • Cellular transformation and tumor cells
  • Oncogenetics, precancerous conditions and familial tumors
  • Principles of cancer therapy
  • Human genetics
  • Human epigenetics
  • Molecular and genetic mechanisms of evolution
  • Human evolution
Entry requirements -
Last update: prof. RNDr. Eva Samcová, CSc. (08.12.2011)

Biology and chemistry knowledge on the secondary school level.

 
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